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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring and Surveillance Camera Project Fourth Annual Report to the US District Court by Center for Energy and Environmental Resources David T. Allen, Principal Investigator Vincent M. Torres, Project Manager Dave

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring and Surveillance Camera Project Fourth Annual Report to the US District Court

by

Center for Energy and Environmental Resources David T. Allen, Principal Investigator Vincent M. Torres, Project Manager Dave Sullivan, Quality Assurance Manager January 22, 2008

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 2

Today’s Presentation

  • Introductions
  • Project Overview
  • Project Budget
  • Project Financial Status
  • Statement by Representatives of the Project

Voluntary Advisory Board

  • What Have We Learned from this Project?
  • Ways to Improve the Network
  • Q & A
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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 3

Project Overview

  • Year 1

– Hired contractors and began construction of 7 sites – Established Voluntary Advisory Board

  • Year 2

– Completed construction of sites, acceptance testing

  • f sites & began reporting data April 1, 2005

(collected data for 6 months of Year 2) through TCEQ & project websites

  • Years 3 & 4

– Continued collection & reporting of data; optimized

  • peration of sites to maximize use of project funds

– Project remains on schedule & within budget

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 4

Auto GC Event Triggered Sampler H2S & SO2 Monitor Meteorology Station Surveillance Camera 1.a 634 Yes Yes 1.b 629 Yes Yes Yes 1.c 630 Yes Yes Yes 1.d 635 Yes Yes Yes Yes 1.e 631 Yes Yes Yes 1.f 632 Yes Yes Yes 1.g 633 Yes Yes Yes Yes Major Monitoring Equipment/Systems Description of Site Location West End of CC Inner Harbor @ Port of Corpus Christi TCEQ Monitoring Site C199 @ Dona Park Off Up River Road on Flint Hills Resources easement Solar Estates Park at end of Sunshine Road Contract Reference Oak Park Recreation Center Grain Elevator @ Port of Corpus Christi

  • J. I. Hailey Site @ Port of

Corpus Christi TCEQ CAMS No.

Air Monitoring Network, Site Designations and Major Instrumentation

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 5

Air Monitoring Network Site Locations

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 6

Project Budget

  • Of total project costs for first 3 years, only site

construction (1.5 years) and 1.5 year of

  • perations & maintenance (O&M) costs have

been funded by this project

  • Additional funds provided by a Supplemental

Environmental Project (SEP) awarded by the TCEQ funded O&M costs for one year

  • Beginning October 2, 2006, all O&M costs are

being charged to this project.

  • Total expenditures for the first 4 years of the

project included only 1.5 year of O&M costs

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SLIDE 7

Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 7

Project Financial Status

Total for prior years $2,416,589.38 Current year (ending 9/30/07) $782,424.65 Total* to date (9/30/07) $3,199,014.03 Initial deposit (10/2/03) $6,761,718.02 Less expenditures to date (9/30/07) ($3,199,014.03) Plus interest earned to date (9/30/07) $533,138.93 Project funds remaining** $4,095,842.92 Funds Remaining Expenditures

**The remaining project funds plus future interest earned are estimated to allow the project to operate for four more years (total of 8 years compared to initial estimate of 7 years) to September 2011, assuming no extraordinary costs arise. * Initial budget estimated $2,300,000 for site construction & deployment and $967,349 for

  • perations & maintenance after construction for approximately 1.5 year for a total initial

estimate of $3,267,349; Actual costs were $3,199,014.03.

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 8

Statement by Representatives of the Volunteer Advisory Board

  • Ms. Gretchen Arnold
  • Mr. Ron Barnard
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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 9

What Have We Learned from this Project?

  • Established baseline quantitative air

quality data

  • Increased understanding of the impact of

the port & refinery operations on air quality

  • Ability to assess the impact of future port &

refinery operation expansions (e.g., LNG)

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 10

DATA ANALYSIS

  • Description of monitoring network & emission

sources

  • Establishing an air quality baseline in Corpus

Christi residential areas

– How do baselines compare to effects screening levels and standards? – How do baselines compare to other Texas cities? – How are baselines changing over time?

  • Examining air pollution events in Corpus Christi

as detected by the monitoring network

  • Conclusion
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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 11 Auto GC Event Triggered Sampler H2S & SO2 Monitor Meteorology Station Surveillance Camera 1.a 634 Yes Yes 1.b 629 Yes Yes Yes 1.c 630 Yes Yes Yes 1.d 635 Yes Yes Yes Yes 1.e 631 Yes Yes Yes 1.f 632 Yes Yes Yes 1.g 633 Yes Yes Yes Yes Off Up River Road on Flint Hills Resources easement Solar Estates Park at end of Sunshine Road Contract Reference Oak Park Recreation Center Grain Elevator @ Port of Corpus Christi

  • J. I. Hailey Site @ Port of

Corpus Christi TCEQ CAMS No. Major Monitoring Equipment/Systems Description of Site Location West End of CC Inner Harbor @ Port of Corpus Christi TCEQ Monitoring Site C199 @ Dona Park

Air Monitoring Network, Site Designations and Major Instrumentation

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 12

Air Monitoring Network Site Locations

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13

Javelina

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 14

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 15

Small Emission Sources Eastern Network

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 16

Small Emission Sources Western Network

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 17

Baseline for Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbon Chemicals) in the Air

  • No measured concentrations at or above TCEQ

long-term health effects screening levels. Benzene occasionally above short-term ESL.

  • VOCs higher at Oak Park than at Solar Estates;

Oak, Solar lower than Upper Gulf Coast cities, higher than other urban areas.

  • VOC concentrations relatively unchanged 2006-

2007.

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 18 Comparing Mean Concentrations at Oak Park 2006-2007, ppbV Units with New Benzene Effects Screening Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E t h a n e E t h y l e n e P r

  • p

a n e P r

  • p

y l e n e I s

  • b

u t a n e n

  • B

u t a n e c

  • 2
  • B

u t e n e t

  • 2
  • B

u t e n e 1

  • B

u t e n e I s

  • p

e n t a n e n

  • P

e n t a n e 1 , 3

  • B

u t a d i e n e 1

  • P

e n t e n e c

  • 2
  • P

e n t e n e t

  • 2
  • P

e n t e n e n

  • H

e x a n e B e n z e n e C y c l

  • h

e x a n e T

  • l

u e n e E t h y l B e n z e n e p

  • X

y l e n e + m

  • X

y l e n e

  • X

y l e n e I s

  • p

r

  • p

y l B e n z e n e

  • C

u m e n e 1 , 2 , 3

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e 1 , 2 , 4

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e 1 , 3 , 5

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e n

  • D

e c a n e

Parts per billion - Volume

Oak 2006 Mean Oak 2007 Mean

Benzene ESL 1.4ppbV

Note similarity

  • ne year to next
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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 19

Comparing Mean Concentrations at Solar Estates 2006-2007, ppbV units, with New Benzene Effects Screening Level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ethane Ethylene Propane Propylene Isobutane n-Butane c-2-Butene t-2-Butene 1-Butene Isopentane n-Pentane 1,3-Butadiene 1-Pentene c-2-Pentene t-2-Pentene n-Hexane Benzene Cyclohexane Toluene Ethyl Benzene p-Xylene + m-Xylene

  • -Xylene

Isopropyl Benzene - Cumene 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene n-Decane

Parts per billion - Volume

Solar 2006 Mean Solar 2007 Mean

Benzene ESL 1.4 ppbV

Note similarity

  • ne year to next
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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 20

Comparing Mean Concentrations at Solar vs Oak in 2007, ppbV units

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E t h a n e E t h y l e n e P r

  • p

a n e P r

  • p

y l e n e I s

  • b

u t a n e n

  • B

u t a n e c

  • 2
  • B

u t e n e t

  • 2
  • B

u t e n e 1

  • B

u t e n e I s

  • p

e n t a n e n

  • P

e n t a n e 1 , 3

  • B

u t a d i e n e 1

  • P

e n t e n e c

  • 2
  • P

e n t e n e t

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e n t e n e n

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e x a n e B e n z e n e C y c l

  • h

e x a n e T

  • l

u e n e E t h y l B e n z e n e p

  • X

y l e n e + m

  • X

y l e n e

  • X

y l e n e I s

  • p

r

  • p

y l B e n z e n e

  • C

u m e n e 1 , 2 , 3

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e 1 , 2 , 4

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e 1 , 3 , 5

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e n

  • D

e c a n e

Parts per billion - Volume

Solar 2007 Mean Oak 2007 Mean

Note similarity between sites in prevailing species, with Solar < Oak

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 21

Mean Concentrations in Dallas, 2006-2007 combined, ppbV units

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E t h a n e E t h y l e n e P r

  • p

a n e P r

  • p

y l e n e I s

  • b

u t a n e n

  • B

u t a n e c

  • 2
  • B

u t e n e t

  • 2
  • B

u t e n e 1

  • B

u t e n e I s

  • p

e n t a n e n

  • P

e n t a n e 1 , 3

  • B

u t a d i e n e 1

  • P

e n t e n e c

  • 2
  • P

e n t e n e t

  • 2
  • P

e n t e n e n

  • H

e x a n e B e n z e n e C y c l

  • h

e x a n e T

  • l

u e n e E t h y l B e n z e n e p

  • X

y l e n e + m

  • X

y l e n e

  • X

y l e n e I s

  • p

r

  • p

y l B e n z e n e

  • C

u m e n e 1 , 2 , 3

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e 1 , 2 , 4

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e 1 , 3 , 5

  • T

r i m e t h y l b e n z e n e n

  • D

e c a n e Parts per billion - Volume

For comparison purposes, a fingerprint for the urban Dallas auto-GC is shown. Concentration profile very similar, but lower values.

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 22

Comparing Total Hydrocarbons in Texas

  • For all sites, about 90 % of hydrocarbon mass identified.
  • Corpus Christi sites fall in middle of the pack.
  • All have similar mean composition.
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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 23

Air Pollution Events

  • Several different types of events detected
  • Monitoring network provides chemical “fingerprints”
  • Network rapidly provides back-trajectories to indicate

possible upwind source locations

  • Information is rapidy communicated to TCEQ
  • Events are related shipping operations & refinery
  • perations, other unknown factors.
  • Occasional benzene > short-term ESL. Note that in Oct.

2007:

– short-term ESL changed from 25.0 to 55.5 ppbV and – long-term ESL changed from 1.0 to 1.4 ppbV

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 24

Air Pollution Events

  • Alerts are sent to TCEQ & UT when

specific short term thresholds are measured for sulfur species & VOCs

  • If sulfur species averaged over 30 min.

exceed thresholds, “exceedances” are logged by TCEQ Website.

  • If TNMHC is > 2000 ppbC for 15 min., then

canister sample is triggered.

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Recent Canisters at CC Grain

CCG 7/7/07 23:34 CST & 30 min trajectory CCG 7/30/07 3:33 CST & 30 min trajectory

Cans days apart, similar composition: pentanes

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Recent Canisters at CC Grain

CCG 8/14/07 00:41 CST & 30 min trajectory CCG 9/18/07 3:25 CST & 30 min trajectory

Cans days apart, different winds, different compositions: “avg” vs “mixed”

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Recent Cans at West End Harbor

WEH 8/2/07 6:50 CST & 30 min trajectory WEH 7/13/07 16:17CST & 30 min trajectory

Cans days apart, similar composition: pentanes

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Recent Cans at West End Harbor

WEH 8/13/07 21:19 CST&30 min trajectory WEH 7/28/07 5:29 CST & 30 min trajectory

Cans days apart, different composition: pentanes vs propane, butanes, & pentanes

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Recent Cans at West End Harbor

WEH 9/8/07 23:37CST&30min trajectory WEH 9/19/07 0:34CST&30min trajectory

Cans days apart, similar composition: C5-C7 compounds

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Canisters at J. I. Hailey

JIH 7/16/07 6:57 CST & 30 min trajectory JIH 8/31/07 19:48 CST & 30 min trajectory

Cans days apart,different winds, similar composition: butanes&pentanes

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 31

Canisters at J. I. Hailey

JIH 7/27/07 19:44 CST & 30min trajectory This episode also had elevated H2 S, and elevated H2 S and TNMHC persisted to next morning.

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Canisters at Dona Park

DPK 6/30/07 5:39 CST & 30 min trajectory propane DPK 2/13/07 4:14 CST & 30 min trajectory

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H2 S event case studies

  • May 3, 2007 JIH
  • July 27, 2007 JIH

– Two dates on which alerts were received and state standard challenged at JIH site. – May 3, max 30-min value = 113 ppb. Residential standard 80 ppb exceeded 13:40 – 14:25 CST, but not a residential area; 120 ppb industrial standard not exceeded…. – July 27 – 28, max 30-min value = 500 ppb. Industrial standard 120 ppb exceeded 7/27 18:55 CST – 7/28 8:55 CST. Note significant cropping of H2 S & TNMHC. – Both events associated with southerly winds.

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J.I.Hailey Episode July 27-28, 2007

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 7/26 0:00 7/26 6:00 7/26 12:00 7/26 18:00 7/27 0:00 7/27 6:00 7/27 12:00 7/27 18:00 7/28 0:00 7/28 6:00 7/28 12:00 7/28 18:00 7/29 0:00 7/29 6:00 7/29 12:00 7/29 18:00 7/30 0:00 CST TNMHC ppbC

  • 120
  • 60

60 120 180 240 300 360 Wind direction TNMOC WDR Can trigger

J.I. Hailey Event July 27-28, 2007

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J.I.Hailey Episode July 27-28, 2007

  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7/26 0:00 7/26 6:00 7/26 12:00 7/26 18:00 7/27 0:00 7/27 6:00 7/27 12:00 7/27 18:00 7/28 0:00 7/28 6:00 7/28 12:00 7/28 18:00 7/29 0:00 7/29 6:00 7/29 12:00 7/29 18:00 7/30 0:00 CST SO2 ppb

  • 120
  • 60

60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 H2S ppb, Wind direction SO2 H2S WDR

J.I. Hailey Event July 27-28, 2007

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Species 02 ethane 03 ethylene 04 propane 05 propylene 07 1-butene 08 butane 09 cis-2-butene 10 isobutane 11 trans-2-butene 12 1-pentene 14 3-methyl-1-butene 15 cis-2-pentene 16 cyclopentane 17 cyclopentene 18 isopentane 20 pentane 21 trans-2-pentene 22 2,2-dimethylbutane 23 2,3-dimethylbutane 24 2-methyl-1-pentene 25 2-methylpentane 26 3-methylpentane 27 4-methyl-1-pentene 28 benzene 29 cis-2-hexene 30 cyclohexane 31 hexane 32 methylcyclopentane 33 trans-2-hexene 34 2,3-dimethylpentane 35 2,4-dimethylpentane 36 2-methylhexane 37 3-methylhexane 38 ethylbenzene 39 heptane 40 methylcyclohexane 41 toluene 42 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 43 2,3,4-trimethylpentane 44 2-methylheptane 45 3-methylheptane 46 m/p-xylene 47 octane 48 o-xylene 49 styrene 50 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 51 1,3,5-trimethybenzene 52 isopropylbenzene 53 nonane 54 n-propylbenzene

Canister at 19:44 CST 7/27 JIH with elevated H2 S & TNMHC

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Aerial of 7/27 19:45 CST back trajectory

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 38

What actually happened?

  • (From TCEQ) Theory is that a ship that had unloaded

sour crude oil (>3% sulfur) on July 26, 2007 was the source of these emissions.

– The ship was receiving a load of "cut residual" during this time

  • frame. Material being loaded had a low (<1.5 psi) vapor

pressure and low sulfur content, however residual vapors in the ship from the crude oil were forced from the ship during loading

  • f the cut resid, thus causing the elevated levels of pollutants

detected.

  • This monitor is in an unpopulated, industrial area. No

complaints were received by the regional office during this time frame.

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 39

Conclusion

  • New on-line tools – UT Trajectory Tool, Internet-

based maps & aerials, LEADS Web pages – are very useful.

  • Baseline air quality now well-established, will

allow assessment of changes in the future

  • Events detected by monitors continue to provide

assistance in diagnosing sources of pollution.

– Hourly benzene measurements occasionally greater than 1 hr ESL. Has not been greater than annual ESL. – H2 S occasionally greater than State standards.

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Corpus Christi Air Monitoring & Surveillance Camera Project 40

Contact Information for Project Personnel

Principal Investigator - Dr. David T. Allen Phone: 512-471-0049 allen@che.utexas.edu Project Manager - Vincent M. Torres Phone: 512-471-5803 vmtorres@mail.utexas.edu Quality Assurance Officer – Dr. David Sullivan Phone: 512/471-7805 Sullivan231@mail.utexas.edu Contracts Manager - MaryAnn Foran Phone: 512-232-5040 ma_foran@mail.utexas.edu Project Web Site: http://www.utexas.edu/research/ceer/ccaqp