Corn Export Cargo Quality Report Developing Markets Enabling Trade - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

2019/2020 Corn Export Cargo Quality Report

U.S. Grains Council

Developing Markets ● Enabling Trade ● Improving Lives

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Quality, Reliability, Transparency

Building partnerships based on trust Bridge to world’s largest, most reliable grain supply

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Reliable and Comparable Data Transparent and Consistent Methodology Systematic survey of corn quality at harvest and of early exports

Harvest Quality Report

HARVEST QUALITY REPORT

Export Cargo Quality Report

EXPORT CARGO REPORT

USGC Corn Quality Reports

2011/2012 through 2019/2020

Harvest Export Cargo

2019/2020

“Export Catchment Areas” (ECA)

430 export samples targeted from ECAs representing approximately 90% of U.S. Corn Exports

Quality Factors Tested

Grading Factors

Test weight Broken corn/foreign material Total damage Heat damage

Moisture Chemical Composition

Protein Starch Oil

Physical Factors

Stress cracks 100-kernel weight Kernel volume True density Whole kernels Horneous (hard) endosperm

Mycotoxins

Aflatoxin DON Fumonisin

2019/2020 Corn Export Cargo Quality Report Highlights

†5YA = Marketing years 2014/2015 through 2018/2019 ‡Action, advisory and guidance levels for corn intended for feed use

Test Weight

Lower

BCFM

Hi Higher her

Total Damage

Higher her

Moisture

Similar ilar Grade Factors/ Moisture vs. 5YA

Protein

Slight htly ly Lower er

Starch

Slight htly ly Lower er

Oil

Same me Chemical Composition vs. 5YA

Stress Cracks

Higher her

100-Kernel Weight

Slight htly ly Lower er

True Density

Lower

Whole Kernels

Lower Physical Factors

• vs. 5YA

100.0 00.0% of samples

below FDA advisory level for DON of 5.0 ppm ‡

Mycotoxins

99.8 .8% of

samples ≤ FDA action level for Aflatoxin‡

Aggregate average BCFM slightly exceeded maximum requirement for U.S.

• No. 2

Aggregate averages for other grade factors rated U.S.

• No. 1 or better

Overall Crop

93.3 .3% of

samples ≤ FDA Fumonisin guidance level of 5 ppm‡

Grade Factors and Moisture

Grades and Grade Requirements

Minimum Maximum Limits of Test Weight Damaged Kernels Grade lb/bu kg/hl Heat Damage (%) Total (%) BCFM (%)

U.S. No. 1 56.0 72.1 0.1 3.0 2.0 U.S. No. 2 54.0 69.5 0.2 5.0 3.0 U.S. No. 3 52.0 66.9 0.5 7.0 4.0 U.S. No. 4 49.0 63.1 1.0 10.0 5.0 U.S. No. 5 46.0 59.2 3.0 15.0 7.0

Grade Factors and Moisture

• No. of

Samples Avg. Std. Dev. Min. Max. Test Weight (lb/bu) 431 56.8 1.00 50.4 60.1 Test Weight (kg/hl) 431 73.1 1.29 64.9 77.4 BCFM (%) 431 3.1 0.79 0.9 7.0 Total Damage (%) 430 2.9 1.37 0.1 10.8 Heat Damage (%) 431 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.2 Moisture (%) 431 14.5 0.39 12.4 15.6

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

57.8 58.1 57.3 57.5 57.3 57.4 57.4 57.4 56.8

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 43.3 40.5 0.0 0.0 2.3 13.3 41.3 43.1

0.0 1.4 14.6 10.9 35.5 37.6

<49.0 49.0-51.9 52.0-53.9 54.0-55.9 56.0-57.9 ≥58.0

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Test Weight – U.S. Units (lb/bu)

U.S. Aggregate: 56.8 lb/bu

➢ Average lower than 5YA (57.4 lb/bu) ➢ 73.1% No. 1 grade

57.5 53.9 58.0

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

74.4 74.8 73.8 74.0 73.7 73.8 73.9 73.9 73.1

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 43.3 40.5 0.0 0.0 2.3 13.3 41.3 43.1

0.0 1.4 14.6 10.9 35.5 37.6

<63.1 63.1-66.8 66.9-69.4 69.5-72.0 72.1-74.6 ≥74.7

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Test Weight – Metric (kg/hl)

U.S. Aggregate: 73.1 kg/hl

➢ Average lower r than 5YA (73.9 lb/bu) ➢ 73.1% No. 1 grade

74.0 69.3 74.6

Broken Corn and Foreign Material*

FM BC FM

Sieve Size 12/64 inches (0.476 cm) Sieve Size 6/64 inches (0.238 cm)

* Measured as % of weight

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

3.0 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 12.3 47.4 32.8 7.2 0.2 0.0 13.8 50.2 30.0 4.8 0.7 0.5

10.2 45.5 27.4 12.5 4.4 0.0

0.00-2.00 2.01-3.00 3.01-4.00 4.01-5.00 5.01-7.00 >7.00

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Broken Corn & Foreign Material (%)

U.S. Aggregate: 3.1%

➢ 55.7% No. 2 grade ➢ Average slightly ightly higher her than 5YA (2.9%)

2.2 3.8 3.0

9YA A An Annual l Differenc erence from

• m

Ha Harves est

Harvest Export

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Broken Corn & Foreign Material (%)

2.1%

1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 BCFM (%) Marketing Year

Whole Kernels (%)

FM BC FM

12/64 inches 6/64 inches

Whole hole kernels rnels meas asures ures the percen centage tage of BCFM FM-free free kernels rnels that t are free ee of chips s and d pericarp carp damage.

• age. The two
• kerne

rnels s indica icated ed would ld not

• t be consi

side dered red whole

• le kernels

rnels.

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

87.5 89.9 88.6 88.4 89.5 88.2 84.4 85.2 77.4

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 4.9 12.3 35.1 33.0 14.0 0.7 5.3 8.9 26.1 43.8 15.1 0.7

34.7 16.9 20.4 21.5 6.5 0.0

<75.0 75.0-79.9 80.0-84.9 85.0-89.9 90.0-94.9 95.0-100.0

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Whole Kernels (%)

U.S. Aggregate: 77.4%

➢ Average lower r than 5YA (87.1%)

84.4 66.6 80.5

9YA A An Annual l Differenc erence from

• m

Ha Harves est

Harvest Export

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Whole Kernels (%)

• 6.5%

93.8 94.4 92.4 93.6 94.9 95.2 89.9 93.0 90.8 87.5 89.9 88.6 88.4 89.5 88.2 84.4 85.2 77.4 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 Whole Kernels (%) Marketing Year

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

1.7 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.9 2.7 1.9 2.6 2.9

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 86.5 11.6 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 64.9 29.8 3.9 1.1 0.2 0.0

59.8 30.9 7.4 1.6 0.2 0.0

0.00-3.00 3.01-5.00 5.01-7.00 7.01-10.00 10.01-15.00 >15.00

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Total Damage (%)

U.S. Aggregate: 2.9%

➢ Average higher her than 5YA (2.3%) ➢ 90.7% No. 2 grade

2.5 1.6 3.6

9YA A An Annual l Differenc erence from

• m

Ha Harves est

Harvest Export

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Total Damage (%)

0.6%

1.1 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.4 2.6 1.3 1.5 2.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.9 2.7 1.9 2.6 2.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 Total Damage (%) Marketing Year

Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

U.S. Aggregate: 0.0%

➢ Only five samples in the entire sample set showed any heat damage (all either 0.1% or 0.2%). ➢ Average below the limit for U.S.

• No. 1 Grade

➢ Indicates good managemen agement t

• f the drying and storage of corn

Heat Damage (%)

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

14.3 14.2 14.5 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.5

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 0.9 11.2 56.7 28.6 2.6 0.7 3.2 54.5 39.1 2.5

2.6 9.0 41.5 42.5 4.4

≤13.50 13.51-14.00 14.01-14.50 14.51-15.00 >15.00

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Moisture (%)

U.S. Aggregate: 14.5%

➢ Average simila milar to 5YA (14.4%)

14.7 14.6 14.4

9YA A An Annual l Differenc erence from

• m

Ha Harves est

Harvest Export

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Moisture (%)

• 1.9%

15.6 15.3 17.3 16.6 15.7 16.1 16.6 16.0 17.5 14.3 14.2 14.5 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 Moisture (%) Marketing Year

Chemical Composition

Chemical Composition

Important for poultry and livestock feeding Supplies essential amino acids Important for wet millers and dry-grind ethanol manufacturers Important by-product

• f wet and dry milling

Essential feed component Genetics, weather and crop yields

Influenced by Influenced by

Genetics, weather, crop yields and available nitrogen during the growing season Protein Starch Oil

Chemical Composition

• No. of

Samples Avg. Std. Dev. Min. Max. Protein (Dry Basis %) 432 8.3 0.29 7.1 9.3 Starch (Dry Basis %) 432 72.2 0.38 70.2 73.4 Oil (Dry Basis %) 432 4.0 0.15 3.6 4.6

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

8.7 9.2 8.6 8.6 7.8 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.3

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 1.4 26.0 57.4 13.3 1.9 0.0 6.0 40.4 40.4 11.0 2.3 0.0

13.0 56.5 28.0 2.5 0.0 0.0

<8.00 8.00-8.49 8.50-8.99 9.00-9.49 9.50-9.99 ≥10.00

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Protein (Dry Basis %)

U.S. Aggregate: 8.3%

➢ Average simila milar to 5YA (8.4%) ➢ Higher gher percentage with <8% protein

8.5 8.1 8.3

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

74.1 73.5 73.7 73.7 73.9 72.4 72.1 72.3 72.2

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 6.5 24.9 43.7 22.8 2.1 0.0 5.0 19.7 40.1 30.0 4.4 0.7

3.9 23.6 40.7 28.7 3.0 0.0

<71.50 71.50-71.99 72.00-72.49 72.50-72.99 73.00-73.49 ≥73.50

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Starch (Dry Basis %)

U.S. Aggregate: 72.2%

➢ Simila milar to previous two years ➢ Gulf ECA tends to have highest average starch

72.1 71.9 72.4

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 0.0 0.0 5.8 48.8 39.8 5.6 0.0 0.7 29.4 50.7 18.1 1.1

0.0 2.5 24.5 48.8 21.5 2.5

<3.60 3.60-3.79 3.80-3.99 4.00-4.19 4.20-4.39 ≥4.40

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Oil (Dry Basis %)

U.S. Aggregate: 4.0%

➢ Only 2017/2018 18 had higher average oil

4.0 4.1 4.0

Physical Factors

Corn Morphology

Source: Adapted from Corn Refiners Association, 2011

Physical Factors – Overview

Stress cracks Stress crack index Kernel weight, volume and density Whole kernels

(Discus scussed d in Grade Factor

• rs)

s)

Horneous (hard) endosperm

Related to processing characteristics, storability and potential for breakage

Physical Factors

• No. of

Samples Avg. Std. Dev. Min. Max.

Stress Cracks (%)

432 11 7 47

100-Kernel Weight (g)

432 35.50 1.37 28.54 40.79

Kernel Volume (cm3)

432 0.28 0.01 0.23 0.32

True Density (g/cm3)

432 1.278 0.012 1.205 1.314

Whole Kernels (%)

432 77.4 8.0 32.2 93.8

Horneous Endosperm (%)

180 81 2 74 87

Stress Cracks (%)

➢ Internal cracks in the horneous (hard) endosperm ➢ Most common cause is artificial drying ➢ Impacts breakage susceptibility, milling and alkaline cooking

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

10 9 16 14 6 5 9 7 11

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 28.6 31.4 24.0 10.9 5.1 37.6 35.8 15.1 5.5 6.0

15.7 31.3 27.8 13.0 12.3

0.00-4.99 5.00-9.99 10.00-14.99 15.00-19.99 ≥20.00

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Stress Cracks (%)

U.S. Aggregate: 11%

➢ Higher gher than 5YA (8%) ➢ Breakage susceptibility higher er than 5YA

11 12 11

9YA A An Annual l Differenc erence from

• m

Ha Harves est

Harvest Export

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Stress Cracks (%)

4%

3 4 9 8 3 4 5 5 9 10 9 16 14 6 5 9 7 11 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 Stress Cracks (%) Marketing Year

Stress Crack Index

+ + =

SCI

× 1 % ker kernels nels with th 1 s str tress ss cr crack k × 3 % ker kernels nels with th 2 s str tress ss cr cracks ks × 5 % ker kernels nels with th > 2 2 str tress ss cr cracks ks

Magnitude of Stress Crack Index

All kernels have

no no

stress cracks

SC% = 43% SCI Calculation (4%a × 1) + (19%b × 3) + (20%c × 5) = 161 Example:

500 300 100

161

All kernels have

si single le

stress cracks All kernels have

double ble

stress cracks All kernels have

mul ultiple iple

stress cracks

a: 4 kernels b: 19 kernels c: 20 kernels

Stress Cracks (%) vs. Stress Crack Index

100-Kernel Weight

(grams)

Indicates kernel size which affects ➢ Drying rates ➢ Flaking grit yields in dry milling

Kernel Weight, Volume and Density

Kernel volume is indicative of growing conditions and genetics

Kernel Volume

(cubic centimeters)

Kernel volume is influenced by growing conditions and genetics

True Density

(grams per cubic centimeter)

True density reflects kernel hardness Higher gher densit sity y – harder kernels,

less susceptible to breakage, more desirable for dry milling and alkaline processing

Lower r densit sity y – softer kernels,

less at risk for development of stress cracks if high temperature drying is employed, good for wet milling and feed use

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

35.14 35.86 34.95 36.08 34.73 35.26 36.0736.17 35.50

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 1.9 12.1 4.7 23.3 50.0 8.1 1.1 4.4 18.1 22.5 38.5 15.4

0.2 6.7 19.2 35.6 34.3 3.9

<29.00 29.00-31.49 31.50-33.99 34.00-36.49 36.50-38.99 ≥39.00

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

100-Kernel Weight (grams)

U.S. Aggregate: 35.50 grams

➢ Average simila milar to 5YA (35.66 grams)

36.20 32.39 36.79

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

0.27 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 0.5 7.4 9.5 17.9 55.6 9.1 0.9 2.5 15.6 22.9 39.4 18.6

0.0 1.4 12.7 34.0 45.8 6.0

0.200-0.219 0.220-0.239 0.240-0.259 0.260-0.279 0.280-0.299 ≥0.300

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Kernel Volume (cm3)

U.S. Aggregate: 0.28 cm3

➢ Average same me as 5YA (0.28 cm3)

0.28 0.26 0.29

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

1.291 1.297 1.287 1.295 1.275 1.285 1.287 1.288 1.278

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 2.8 14.2 63.5 19.3 0.2 0.7 14.0 72.5 12.8 0.0

9.5 22.9 64.4 3.2 0.0

<1.250 1.250-1.274 1.275-1.299 1.300-1.324 1.325-1.349

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Kernel True Density (g/cm3)

U.S. Aggregate: 1.278 g/cm3

➢ Average lower than 5YA (1.286 g/cm3) ➢ Lowest st annual average since 2015/2016

1.275 1.258 1.288

Historical Aggregate by Marketing Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

Pacific Northwest Southern Rail Gulf

Export Catchment Area Average

84 85 82 82 80 79 81 82 81

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 0.5 27.4 66.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 18.1 73.2 8.3 0.2 0.0

1.7 25.0 60.0 13.3 0.0 0.0

70.0-74.9 75.0-79.9 80.0-84.9 85.0-89.9 90.0-94.9 95.0-100.0

MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

Horneous (Hard) Endosperm (%)

U.S. Aggregate: 81%

➢ Same me as 5YA ➢ Generally little ttle variation ation among the ECAs ➢ Average is higher when true ue density ity is high

83 79 82

Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin, DON (Vomitoxin) and Fumonisin

• Provides an assessment of the presence of af

afla latoxin xin, , DON ON an and fumo monisi nisin n in U.S. corn as it reaches export points early in the

marketing year

• 431 export cargo samples were tested for aflatoxin, 180 samples

tested for DON and fumonisin

• Reports ON

ONLY the frequency of detected elevated levels of the

mycotoxins in export samples

• Positive results if ab

above e Lower Conformance Level (LCL)

• Aflatoxin: 5.0 ppb
• DON: 0.5 ppm

Export Cargo Mycotoxin Testing

Key Aflatoxin Levels (ppb)

FGIS

Lower Conformance Limit

FDA Aflatoxin Action Levels

50 100 150 200 250 300

5.0 Parts per Billion

Finishing beef cattle Finishing swine (≥100 pounds) Breeding beef cattle, breeding swine and mature poultry Dairy animals, pets, immature animals and unknown destinations Level established by FGIS to indicate a detectable level of aflatoxin

20.0 100.0 200.0 300.0

Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

➢ A slightly higher proportion of the export samples had no det etecta ectable ble levels of aflatoxin than 2018/2019 and 2017/2018 ➢ All but one sample tested below the FDA action level of 20 ppb.

• The one sample above 20 ppb was

the final sample tested in the survey.

Aflatoxin Testing Results (ppb)

93.3 5.8 0.9 0.0 95.9 3.0 1.1 0.0

96.3 2.8 0.7 0.2

<5 5-9.9 10-20 >20 MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

85.6 77.8 92.5 85.6 90.4 80.0 93.3 95.9 96.3 8.1 10.1 6.1 12.2 8.1 16.5 5.8 3.0 2.8 6.3 12.1 1.5 2.2 1.5 3.5 0.9 1.1

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 Percent of Samples by Marketing Year >20 10-20 5-9.9 <5

Historical Aflatoxin Results

0.2 0.7

97.9 80.2 98.9 100.0 100.0 97.7 97.8 98.9 97.8 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.0 5.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.1 11.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.5

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Percent of Samples by Crop Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

85.6 77.8 92.5 85.6 90.4 80.0 93.3 95.9 96.3 8.1 10.1 6.1 12.2 8.1 16.5 5.8 3.0 2.8 6.3 12.1 1.5 2.2 1.5 3.5 0.9 1.1 0.7

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Historical Aflatoxin Results (ppb)

Harvest Report Export Cargo Report

<5 5-9.9 10-20 >20

0.2

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

0.5

FGIS

Lower Conformance Limit

FDA DON Advisory Levels

Parts per Million

Chickens, ≤50% of diet Ruminating beef and dairy cattle older than four months Level established by FGIS to indicate a detectable level of DON

5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0

Key DON Levels (ppm)

All other animals not otherwise listed, ≤40% of diet Swine, ≤50% of diet

Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

➢ The proportion of export samples with no det etecta ectable ble levels of DON was slightly lower than 2018/2019 ➢ All samples had DON results be below w the 5.0 ppm FDA advisory level

DON (Vomitoxin) Testing Results (ppm)

88.6 10.9 0.5 0.0 85.6 14.4 0.0 0.0

73.3 26.1 0.6 0.0

<0.5 0.5-1.9 2-5 >5 MY17/18 MY18/19 MY19/20

84.2 97.5 94.9 94.4 99.0 57.7 88.6 85.6 73.3 15.8 2.5 4.6 5.6 1.0 42.3 10.9 14.4 26.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.6

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 Percent of Samples by Marketing Year >5 2-5 0.5-1.9 <0.5

Historical DON (Vomitoxin) Results

78.7 96.0 91.6 80.2 87.0 58.8 90.0 74.6 59.9 20.2 4.0 7.8 19.8 13.0 33.3 9.4 23.2 35.7 1.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.6 2.2 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

84.2 97.5 94.9 94.4 99.0 57.7 88.6 85.6 73.3 15.8 2.5 4.6 5.6 1.0 42.3 10.9 14.4 26.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.6

11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Historical DON Results (ppm)

Harvest Report Export Cargo Report

Percent of Samples by Crop Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year <0.5 0.5-1.99 2-5 >5

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

Key Fumonisin Levels (ppm)

FGIS

Lower Conformance Limit

FDA Guidance Level Levels

Parts per Million

Ruminants >three months old for slaughter, ≤50% of diet Breeding ruminants and breeding poultry, ≤50% of diet Swine and catfish, ≤50% of diet Equids and rabbits, ≤20% of diet Level established by FGIS to indicate a detectable level of fumonisin

10.0 30.0 60.0 100.0 20.0 5.0 0.5

Poultry slaughter, ≤50% of diet All other animals not otherwise listed, ≤50% of diet1

1Does not include mink.

Percent of Samples by Marketing Year

➢ First year of fumonisin testing ➢ 93.3% of samples below w the 5.0 ppm FDA guidance level

Fumonisin Testing Results (ppm)

93.3 6.7 0.0 0.0

<5 5-9.9 10-30 >30

Harvest vs. Export Cargo Fumonisin Results (ppm)

Harvest Report Export Cargo Report

93.3 6.7

MY19/20

85.7 9.3 3.8 1.1

2019

Percent of Samples by Crop Year Percent of Samples by Marketing Year <5 5-9.9 10-30 >30

• Early 2019/2020 U.S. corn exports were, on average,

better than or equal to U.S. No. 1 on Test Weight and Total Damage

but slighted above the maximum standard for U.S. No. 2 for BCFM

• Stress Cracks and whole kernels higher and lower than the 5YA,

respectively

• Samples reflective of a growing season not conducive to aflatoxin

development

• Slightly higher prevalence of DON in the 2019/2020 export samples

compared to 2018/2019 samples, but 100%

% of sam amples ples wer ere e lo lower er than n 5 ppm

Export Cargo Report: Conclusions

Other Components of the Report

Historical Perspective Quality Test Results U.S. Corn Export System Survey and Statistical Analysis Methods Testing Analysis Methods

Building a Tradition: Thank You!

SUPPLEMENTAL SLIDES U.S. Grains Council 2019/2020 Corn Export Cargo Quality Report

How Does U.S. Grain Move?

How Does U.S. Grain Move?