Comparative Assessment of Steam Processed pellets produced from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Comparative Assessment of Steam Processed pellets produced from wood, straw and switchgrass S M H ASSAN S HAHRUKH , A DETOYESE O YEDUN , A MIT K UMAR 1 , L INOJ K UMAR , B AHMAN G HIASI , S HAHAB S OKHANSANJ 2 1 Department of Mechanical
Comparative Assessment of Steam Processed pellets produced from wood, straw and switchgrass
S M HASSAN SHAHRUKH, ADETOYESE OYEDUN, AMIT KUMAR1, LINOJ KUMAR, BAHMAN GHIASI, SHAHAB SOKHANSANJ2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta
Edmonton, AB, Canada
2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
ADVANCED BIOFUELS SYMPOSIUM July 22 - 24, 2015, Montreal, Canada
Background and Objective Pellet Production Supply Chain Model Development and Validation Mass and Heat Balance of Steam
Techno-Economic Result Summary of Result
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producing high quality pellets
regular pellets is 1 / 8 th of coal
cost of regular biom ass and pellets
utilization of Biom ass Low Utilization Cost I ssues Pretreatm ent Low Bulk and Energy density of regular pellets
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Conduct Techno-Economic Assessment
Cost curves Sensitivity & uncertainty
Conduct Energy Analysis
Net energy ratio (NER) Sensitivity & uncertainty
Develop process model for steam pretreatment of wood, straw and switchgrass
Heat and mass balance Data intensive modeling
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Biomass ss collection Bale le for
chi hippi pping ng Trans nspo portation n to p pelle llet pla lant Pelle llet prod
Trans nspo portation n
pellet t to
biorefine nery Used i in n bi biorefine nery Suppl pply cha hain o n of pelle llet to a
bior
Used i in n bi biorefine nery Biomass ss collection Trans nspo portation n to p pelle llet pla lant Pelle llet Prod
Trans nspo portation n
pellet t to
biorefine nery Steam pretreatment Bale le for
/chi hippi pping ng Steam Pretreatment Supply chain o
pellet ( (produced from pretreated biomass) t to a a b biorefinery Presentation at BFN, 2 2 -2 4 July, 2 0 1 5
W ood, Straw ,Sw itchgrass
Moisture content ~ 1 0 % -5 0 %
Pretreatm ent carried in 2 .6 L StakeTech Steam gun w ith 4 0 0 g
different tem perature and tim e Steam treated biom ass pelletized Presentation at BFN, 2 2 -2 4 July, 2 0 1 5
1 . Boiler unit: Supply of steam at different tim e and tem perature 2 . Tim e: 1 0 m in 3 . Tem perature: 1 8 0 -2 1 0 ⁰C 2 . Steam Pretreatm ent Unit: Biom ass is treated w ith high pressure steam in batch reactor ( Yield reactor considered)
logR = log exp(T − 100 14.75 )dt
Governing Equation:
Source: Lam et al. 2 0 1 3
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3 . Pellet m ill: produces pellet of 2 0 -3 0 m m long, 6 m m in diam eter, has a heating elem ent
C.
2 . Grinder: Kicks
energy constant 1 0 0 KJ/ kg, solid recovery 9 5 % 1 . Dryer: operating tem perature at 8 0 C. No grinder is required for pellet production of straw and sw itchgrass Presentation at ASABE, 2 6 -2 9 July,2 0 1 5
Operation Experimental Energy Consumption (kJ) ASPEN model Predicted Energy Consumption (kJ) Wood Straw SG Wood Straw SG Steam Pretreatment 2097 749 678 2095 760 710 Drying 6162 6731 8979 6156 6951 9045 Size reduction 15 17 Pelletization 492 330 318 500 352 325
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Dryer Hammer Mill Pellet Mill 2.4 kg 0.63 kg 0.58 kg 0.54 kg 19.6 MJ 1 kg 2.1 MJ 6.2 MJ 0.01 MJ 0.45 MJ Dryer Hammer Mill Pellet Mill 1 kg 0.7 kg 0.65 kg 0.61 kg 18 MJ 1.3 MJ 0.2 MJ 0.5 MJ
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Dryer Hammer Mill Pellet Mill 1kg 0.95 kg 0.92kg 0.85 kg 17 MJ 0 MJ 0.3MJ 0.8 MJ Dryer Hammer Mill Pellet Mill 1kg 0.95 kg 0.92kg 0.88 kg 17 MJ 0 MJ 0.3MJ 0.8 MJ
Dryer Hammer Mill Pellet Mill 3.0 kg 0.8 kg 0.8kg 0.72 kg 19 MJ 1kg 0.8MJ 6.7 MJ 0 MJ 0.42 MJ Dryer Hammer Mill Pellet Mill 3.4 kg 0.8 kg 0.8kg 0.71 kg 19.1 MJ 1kg 0.7MJ 8.9 MJ 0 MJ 0.4 MJ
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0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 140 160 180 NER Steam Pretreatment Temperature Straw Switchgrass
2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 25% 50% 75% NER Pretreatment level Wood Straw SG
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Straw Sw itchgrass
000 005 010 015 020 025 030 035 040 045 050 055 Probability 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 NER Histogram Plot for NER .21) 49) 5% 90% 5% = 1.21) 95%(x = 1.49)W ood
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Straw Forest residue Switchgrass Regular Steam pretreated Regular Steam pretreated Regular Steam pretreated Optimum size (t year-1) 190,000 250,000 190,000 290,000 190,000 230,000 Pellet cost ($ t-1) 122.04 188.34 116.01 183.14 116.20 192.41
9.56 15.31 10.83 20.34 13.74 21.53
2.64 3.68 2.34 3.59 2.58 3.76
52.34 58.75 28.19 32.08 25.57 29.39
33.89 42.99 37.04 50.24 45.38 57.68
0.00 0.00 6.39 5.50 5.34 6.13
7.27 7.85 6.58 6.76 7.27 8.53
5.41 48.91 14.74 53.79 5.41 54.50
10.93 10.86 9.90 10.84 10.93 10.88 Pellet transportation 6.30 5.50 6.20 5.45 6.80 6.10 Total pellet delivery cost 128.34 193.84 122.21 188.59 123.00 198.51
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174.00 179.00 184.00 189.00 194.00 199.00
0% 10% 20% Production Cost, $ \ t % change
capital cost employee cost Energy cost Transportation cost Field cost consumable cost
180.00 182.00 184.00 186.00 188.00 190.00 192.00 194.00
0% 10% 20% Production Cost, $\t
Moisture content Feed stock material loss Inflation IRR % area
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180.00 185.00 190.00 195.00 200.00 205.00
0% 10% 20% Total cost of pellet ($(t)-1) % change
capital cost employee cost Energy cost Transportation cost Field cost consumable cost
188.00 190.00 192.00 194.00 196.00 198.00 200.00
0% 10% 20% Total cost of pellet production($(t)-1) % change
Moisture content Feed stock material loss Inflation IRR % area
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186.00 191.00 196.00 201.00 206.00
0% 10% 20% Total cost of pellet ($(t)-1) % change
capital cost employee cost Energy cost Transportation cost Field cost consumable cost
193.00 194.00 195.00 196.00 197.00 198.00 199.00 200.00 201.00 202.00 203.00
0% 10% 20% Total cost of pellet production($(t)-1) % change
Moisture content Feed stock material loss Inflation IRR % area
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Straw
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 Probability 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 Pellet Cost ($/tonne) Histogram Plot for 236.862753087947 93) 5) 5% 90.005% 4.995% 237.93) 95.005%(x = 258.65)Sw itchgrass
000 005 010 015 020 025 030 035 040 045 050 Probability 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 Pellet Cost ($/tonne)Uncertainty Steam Pretreatment Base case-45000 tonne for Forest Residue
7) ) 4.995% 90.00999% 4.995% 28.37) 95.005%(x = 247.11)W ood
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Energy
pretreated pellet due to addition of steam as energy source
Cost
regular pellet due to increased capital cost
regular pellet is similar with approximately 30 cents difference
Scaling
tonnes/ yr plant capacity due to economy of scale benefits based on $/ GJ
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Bahm an Ghiasi, Departm ent of Chem ical Engineering, University of British Colum bia
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Contact Information:
Professor NSERC/Cenovus/Alberta Innovates Associate Industrial Research Chair in Energy and Environmental Systems Engineering Cenovus Energy Endowed Chair in Environmental Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta Amit.kumar@ualberta.ca www.energysystems.ualberta.ca +1 780 492 7797
2015 CSBE | SCGAB Annual General Conference July 5 – 8, 2015, Edmonton, AB, Canada