Cluster Based Routing (CBR) Protocol with Adaptive Scheduling for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Cluster Based Routing (CBR) Protocol with Adaptive Scheduling for Mobility and Energy Awareness in Wireless Sensor Network Samer A. B. Awwad, Chee Kyun Ng* and Nor K. Noordin Department of Computer and Communication Systems Faculty of
Department of Computer and Communication Systems Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia
The WSN consists of a large number of randomly distributed sensor nodes that are densely deployed either inside a phenomenon or around it. The WSN consists of the following components:
Wildlife monitoring Health care monitoring Battlefield monitoring
Some applications like habitat monitoring, wildlife (animal) tracking, health care monitoring, and search and rescue call for mobile sensor. WSN sensor nodes trend to be mobile.
Mobility has only recently been introduced in WSN. It is becoming increasingly useful in a variety of applications.
In static WSNs, the research community generally ignores the mobility of sensor nodes. Some protocols to support mobility have been proposed:
but mobility information beacon message overhead.
but relies on weighing k-density, residual energy and mobility parameters in the cluster head election.
but it needs membership declaration
but minimum mobility factor is elected as cluster head
Cluster heads adaptively reassigning the timeslots according to sensor nodes mobility and traffic.
Original owner and alternative owner. This protocol keeps the new mobile sensor nodes in the simple database tables and serves these nodes whenever the free or unused timeslot is available.
N4
Cluster 1 Cluster 2
N1 N2 N3 N5 N4 N6 N7
N5 N3 N2 N7 N1 N6
The timeslots assigned to the mobile sensor nodes that moved
N4 N5 N3 N2 N7 N1 N6 N1 N3 N7
N1 N2 N3 N5 N4 N6 N7
Sensors have no data
Mobility Traffic The timeslots assigned to the sensor nodes that have no data to send remain waste.
N1 N3 N7
Exploits these two groups of unused timeslots to support sensor nodes mobility two simple database (tables) :
Alternative Schedule Database (ALT_SCH) . Membership Requesters Database (NEW_MEM_REQs).
N1 N2 N3 N5 N4 N6 N7 N8 N9 N1 N2 N3 N5 N4 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N10
New cluster
MSN 1
Old Cluster CH
NEW_MEM_RE Qs Sensor ID
MSN1
Original Schedule ALT_SCH
Parameter Value
TOUT2_DATA_REQ 0.014984000040001 Timeslot 0.166128550180004 Traffic Model CBR and Poisson Queuing Model FIFO with Drop Tail
Idle Power 2.4 mW Rx Power 67.2 mW Tx Power 76.8 mW Sleep Power 0.0048 mW
Parameter and Models Value
Channel bandwidth 40 Kbps Network (field) Size (L*W) 50* 50 m Number of Sensor Nodes 100 Location of the Sink Node (25,25) Simulation Size 12K + Maximum Transmission R 19 m Percentage of Cluster Head 5 % Percentage of Mobile Sensor 0 – 90 % Data Size 2000 bits Mobility Model Random Way Point speed (1-10) m/s Radio Model Two-Ray Ground model NEW_MEM_REQs Initially is empty Battery Initial const(13,000J) Sensor Nodes Deployment Random Deployment TOUT_DATA 0.007392100040001 TOUT_DATA_REQ (0-0.007392100020001)
CH CH CH CH CH
50 50
Average Delay [s] =
Total Packet Delay Total number of received packets
Packet Delivery Ratio =
Number of Received Packets at Sink Node Number of Generated Packets at Sensor Nodes
Total Energy consumption [J] = Average Energy consumption [J] =
Total Energy Consumption Total number of received packets
Total Packet Delay [s] =
43% CBR-Mobile applies additional overhead The disconnection period of mobile sensor for CBR- Mobile is shorter than the LEACH-Mobile one
16%
In static environment, LEACH-Mobile maintains the steady state situation to 0.27 Pkt/s, while it drops to 0.19 Pkt/s in mobility environment. In static environment, CBR-Mobile maintains the steady state situation to 0.25, and keep the same value in mobility environment. LEACH-Mobile shortens the life of steady state situation by 30 %, while CBR- Mobile maintains the same steady state situation. 30 % Packet Delivery Ratio for LEACH-Mobile drops by 30 % in mobility environment compared to static one, while it drops by 13 % for CBR-Mobile.
30 % 13 % 0.27 0.25 0.19
CBR-Mobile achieves less average delay for both CBR and poisson traffic. It has the advantage of 30 % less average delay for CBR traffic and 13-47 % for the Poisson one.
CBR Traffic Poisson Traffic
13 % 47 % 30 %
samer_awwad80@yahoo.com, mpnck@ eng.upm.edu.my