Cities In the World A new Perspective on Urbanisation Lamia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
@OECD_local #ChampionMayors 16 June 2020 Cities In the World A new Perspective on Urbanisation Lamia Kamal-Chaoui | Director OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities Harmonised definitions shed new light on urbanisation
16 June 2020
@OECD_local #ChampionMayors
Lamia Kamal-Chaoui | Director
OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities
definitions of cities and metropolitan areas
existing global definitions
55% of the world’s population by 2050.
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Cities Towns & semi-dense areas Rural areas Population (billions), 1975-2050
City populations are projected to grow from 3.5 billion in 2015 to 5 billion in 2050.
5 billion 3.5 billion
+40%
1. Determines which metropolitan areas grew and declined, and why. 2. Examines how the urban system changes with economic development. 3. Analyses differences in quality of life across different areas. 4. Assesses the changing shape of cities and its impact on service delivery and sustainable development.
0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 50k-250k 250k-1mil 1mil-5mil 5mil+
Annual growth - metropolitan areas (2000 – 2015)
Growth - metropolitan areas
This exacerbates challenges for:
decline since 2005 decline by 2050
Looking forward Currently
Countries with higher GDP per capita have larger proportions of the population living in metropolitan areas.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Low-income countries Lower-middle countries Upper-middle countries High-income countries population < 250K 250K < population < 1M 1M < population < 5M 5M < population
Share of metropolitan population
Metropolitan structure matters for within-country regional disparities:
metropolitan areas tend to be richer.
are greater in middle-income countries than in the poorest and the richest countries.
shows that city residents are more satisfied with their lives.
people continue to be attracted by cities, driving urbanisation.
16% 17% 19% % satisfied with life
Well-being
Rural areas Towns and semi-dense areas Cities
Residents in cities enjoy better living conditions:
better access to services (digitalisation)
15% 16% 20%
% victims of theft
Insecurity
Rural areas Towns and semi-dense areas Cities
79% 75% 63%
% satisfied with air quality
Air quality
Rural areas Towns and semi-dense areas Cities
31% 28% 25% % with health problems
Health-problems
Rural areas Towns and semi-dense areas Cities
76% 82% 85%
% with recent internet use
Digitalisation
Rural areas Towns and semi-dense areas Cities
But cities also face:
urban ills (air pollution,
continuously become denser over the past 40 years.
accompany the increasing population density with better access to services and affordable housing.
65% 64% 71% 35% 36% 29% 1975-1990 1990-2000 2000-2015
Decomposing average annual population growth in cities, 1975-2015
Densification Expansion
increasing density of cities raises their exposure to climate change risks.
with sea-level rise has been increasing.
0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% Cities Towns and Semi-dense Areas Rural areas
Average population growth in areas at risk of floods, 2000-15
0-5 m above sea level not at risk
OECD and EC setting a new benchmark for sub-national statistics Key instrument for urban policy and SDG monitoring: better data for better lives
Important topics for future work:
Shrinking cities & managing decline smartly Managing urbanisation with sustainable development Specific challenges of intermediary cities Digital and physical infrastructure investment needs in rural areas
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-statistics/
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-statistics/
Lamia.KAMAL-CHAOUI@oecd.org | Twitter: @lamia_k_c Website: www.oecd.org/cfe/ | Twitter: @OECD_local | LinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/oecd-local