Chapter 2 Nature of Matter CHAPTER CHALLENGE TEST REVIEW Chapter 2 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chapter 2 Nature of Matter CHAPTER CHALLENGE TEST REVIEW

Chapter 2 Challenge – Jeopardy Round The Small Mole-cools Legos of Life The World Super Party Things In Life Within Extravaganza 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 600 600 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 700 800 800 800 800 800

ATOMIC PARTICLES Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

ELECTRON Found in the space surrounding the nucleus, & has a negative charge

ATOMIC MASS Protons plus Neutrons, “weight” of an atom

ISOTOPE Same number of protons, different number of neutrons. Ex. Carbon-14

ATOMIC NUMBER The number of protons in an atom, also identifies the element

NUCLEUS Where Protons and Neutrons are found

PROTONS Atomic particle with positive charge

NEUTRONS Atomic particle with neutral charge

2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen Chemical composition of water molecule

COMPOUND Substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts

COVALENT BOND Bond in which electrons are shared

IONIC BOND Bond in which electrons are transferred

HYDROGEN BOND Bond that forms between two water molecules

POSITIVE ION Type of ion that forms when an atom loses an electron

SOLUTION Mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out

SOLVENT Something that dissolves something else in a solution

SOLUTE Something that dissolves in a solution

VALENCE ELECTRON Type of electron that is available to form bonds

ADHESION Attraction of molecules between different substances

SUSPENSION A solution that contains particles that cannot be dissolved

BASE A solution with a pH above 7

ACID A solution with a pH below 7

POLARITY When one side of a molecule has a slightly negative charge, and the other side has a slightly positive (think poles)

CARBON Element that has four valence electrons, and forms strong covalent bonds with many other elements

MACROMOLECULES Giant molecules that are made from thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.

POLYMER Many monomers that join together to form long chains

CARBOHYDRATES Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Includes Monosaccharides & Polysaccharides

PROTEINS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen. Assembled from Amino Acids

LIPIDS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen and is composed of a glycerol and a fatty acid. Source of long term energy storage and make up cell membranes

NUCLEIC ACIDS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorous Stores genetic information.

SIMPLE SUGARS Glucose, fructose, and galactose

CHEMICAL REACTION Process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another

REACTANTS “Ingredients” in a chemical reaction

PRODUCTS What reactants transform into during a chemical reaction

ACTIVATION ENERGY Energy needed to get a reaction started

CATALYST Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

ENZYME Made of proteins, affect the speed of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

ACTIVE SITE Part of an enzyme that provides an area for the substrate to attach

SUBSTRATE The molecules that are to be broken down or put together by an enzyme.

pH pH A measurement used to test the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.