SLIDE 1 Chapter 2 Nature of Matter
CHAPTER CHALLENGE TEST REVIEW
SLIDE 2 Chapter 2 Challenge – Jeopardy Round
The Small Things In Life
Mole-cools Legos of Life The World Within Super Party Extravaganza 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 600 600 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 700 800 800 800 800 800
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ATOMIC PARTICLES
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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ELECTRON Found in the space surrounding the nucleus, & has a negative charge
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ATOMIC MASS Protons plus Neutrons, “weight” of an atom
SLIDE 6 ISOTOPE Same number of protons, different number of
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ATOMIC NUMBER The number of protons in an atom, also identifies the element
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NUCLEUS Where Protons and Neutrons are found
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PROTONS Atomic particle with positive charge
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NEUTRONS Atomic particle with neutral charge
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2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen Chemical composition of water molecule
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COMPOUND Substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts
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COVALENT BOND Bond in which electrons are shared
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IONIC BOND Bond in which electrons are transferred
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HYDROGEN BOND Bond that forms between two water molecules
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POSITIVE ION Type of ion that forms when an atom loses an electron
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SOLUTION Mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out
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SOLVENT Something that dissolves something else in a solution
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SOLUTE Something that dissolves in a solution
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VALENCE ELECTRON Type of electron that is available to form bonds
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ADHESION Attraction of molecules between different substances
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SUSPENSION A solution that contains particles that cannot be dissolved
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BASE A solution with a pH above 7
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ACID A solution with a pH below 7
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POLARITY
When one side of a molecule has a slightly negative charge, and the other side has a slightly positive (think poles)
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CARBON
Element that has four valence electrons, and forms strong covalent bonds with many other elements
SLIDE 27 MACROMOLECULES
Giant molecules that are made from thousands or even hundreds of thousands
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POLYMER Many monomers that join together to form long chains
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CARBOHYDRATES Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Includes Monosaccharides & Polysaccharides
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PROTEINS
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen. Assembled from Amino Acids
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LIPIDS
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen and is composed of a glycerol and a fatty acid. Source of long term energy storage and make up cell membranes
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NUCLEIC ACIDS
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorous Stores genetic information.
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SIMPLE SUGARS
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
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CHEMICAL REACTION
Process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another
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REACTANTS
“Ingredients” in a chemical reaction
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PRODUCTS
What reactants transform into during a chemical reaction
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ACTIVATION ENERGY
Energy needed to get a reaction started
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CATALYST
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
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ENZYME
Made of proteins, affect the speed of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
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ACTIVE SITE
Part of an enzyme that provides an area for the substrate to attach
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SUBSTRATE
The molecules that are to be broken down or put together by an enzyme.
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pH pH
A measurement used to test the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
