CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN CANCER IN - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN CANCER IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELD

Isaac F Adewole President: African Organisation for Research &Training in Cancer (AORTIC) College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria If.adewole@mail.ui.edu.ng / ifadewole@yahoo.co.uk

OUTLINE

! Introduction ! Peculiarities of the low- and middle-income countries ! Education and Training ! Identified Opportunities ! Identified Challenges ! Solution: My thoughts ! Conclusion

Introduction

! Despite steady decreases in the cancer burden in

industrialized countries, its rapid increase in the developing world means that the number of cancer cases and deaths will likely more than double worldwide over the next two decades.

! Already a leading cause of death around the globe,

cancer—grouped as all types of the disease— was associated with 7.4 million deaths in 2004 and is projected to lead to 12 million deaths in 2030.

! Notably, more than 70% of all cancer deaths occur in

low- and middle-income countries

Dejana Braithwaite, Karen J. Wernli, Hoda Anton-Culver, et al. Opportunities for Cancer Epidemiology and Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19:1665-1667.

Cancer Control Research Framework

Fundamental Research Surveillance Research Intervention Research Kno Knowledge ledge Synt nthes hesis is Application and Program Delivery

Reducing the cancer burden

Adopted from the 1994 Advisory Committee on Cancer Control, National Cancer Institute of Canada.

AFRICAN SITUATION REPORT

“The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few”

NIV Rainbow Study Bible Matt 9v37

Peculiarities of the low- and middle-income countries

! Demographic profiles

 NCDs on the rise

! Under-served area

 Infrastructural challenges

! Political instability ! Health financing challenges

Gross National Income per person, 2005 T ex per Tanzania 730 Nigeria 1,040 Rwanda 1,320 Uganda 1,500 Ghana 2,370 Botswana 10,250 China 6,600 UK 32,690 USA 41,950 Total health expenditure per person, 2003 29 51 32 75 98 375 278 2,389 5,711

• Govt. health

expenditure per person, 2003 16 13 14 23 31 238 101 2,047 2,548 health iture son, People per nurse, 2002 2,703 588 2,381 1,639 1,086 377 952 83 107

Resource constraints (Int. $s)

Poor health care financing: Africa example

Cancer Education & Training

! Crucial and sometimes rate-limiting step in ensuring

• ptimal cancer care delivery systems

! Could be done on- and off-site thereby affording

maximal opportunity in acquiring appropriate skills and also measuring the impact

! Reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by

cancer is a global priority.

Benjamin O Anderson et al. Optimisation of breast cancer management in low- resource and middle-resource countries. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 387–98. Richard Sullivan et al. Delivering affordable cancer care in high-income

• countries. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 933–80

Rationale for Cancer Education & Training

! Increase number of patients ! Increase in cost of cancer care ! Inadequate number of skilled personnel ! Novel intervention often focused on high resource

settings

! Treatment options in low-resource settings are often

limited and disorganised because of advanced stages at presentation

! Limitations in available specialised cancer care

centres

Identified Challenges

! Expertise in care/Mentoring ! Poor understanding of community needs ! Limited resources to offer optimal training

for those being trained within

! Difficulty in re-integrating to the system

for those who trained abroad

! Limitations in conducting research

Experts in Cancer Care

! Success of any programme depends on

well-trained personnel/workforce

! Number of specialist to teach and train

are limited.

! Over-utilization of the available cancer

care providers

AJ Price et al. Cancer Care Challenges in Developing

• Countries. Cancer 2012;118:3627-3635.

Understanding the community needs

! Need for trainers to understand the peculiar

needs of the community

 Appropriate communication skills ! Poor response to screening ! Diverse socio-cultural perspectives of cancer

diagnosis and management

 Role of traditional healers

AJ Price et al. Cancer Care Challenges in Developing Countries. Cancer 2012;118:3627-3635.

Resources for training

! Limited resources to offer optimal training

 Personnel  Facilities  Acquisition of necessary equipment

Challenges of Re-integration

! Challenges of the work environment in

terms of available facilities

! Resistance from those not willing to

change from the old system

 Poor sub-specialization programmes

Limitations in Research

! Research investment to improve or maintain level of care

while controlling costs requires a multifaceted approach that supports the following:

 Basic, translational, and clinical research focused on

development of new ( or more effective) interventions

 Comparative-effectiveness and health-services research

aimed at defining the most efficient way to deliver care and improve delivery of evidence-based care

 Prevention and life-style modification research that

might reduce cancer risk or risk of recurrence.

Richard Sullivan et al. Delivering affordable cancer care in high-income

• countries. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 933–80

Identified Opportunities

! Structured facilities ! Available trainable-personnel ! Training could be done within the country when there

is appropriate capacity building measures

! Large pool of patients for adequate clinical based

training

! Renewed interest in sub-specialization thereby

increasing the opportunity for multidisciplinary approach to care

Solution: My thoughts

! Training within the country with international experts

as mentors would enable standardization of facilities for provision of cancer care

! Increase access to international collaborations ! Improvement in the use of the Telemedicine

technology

! Training exchanges between countries of similar

resources.

Solution: My thoughts

! Network of cancer care providers within a locality

with rapid dissemination of appropriate evidence- based information.

! Regional cooperation imperative ! Countries with low or medium levels of resources

should incorporate necessary budgetary allocations for training and provision of necessary facilities/ equipment.

Conclusion

! Cancer Education and Training deserves attention of

all

! Translation Cancer Research is imperative

 To integrate scientific disciplines  Pool available resources  Establish adequate facilities to coordinate, oversee and

facilitate high-quality research efforts

“We have to work together to ensure access to a motivated, skilled, and supported health worker by every person in every village everywhere.” LEE Jong-wook

High-Level Forum, Paris, November,2005