Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki THE CLIMATE EXPOSOME A NEW TOOL FOR ADDRESSING THE HEALTH IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE D.A. Sarigiannis 1,2,3 1 HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health – Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3 Environmental Health Engineering, University School for Advanced Study IUSS, Pavia, Italy http://www.enve-lab.eu HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 1
Department of Chemical Engineering CC health challenges School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 2
Department of Chemical Engineering CC health challenges School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Effects related to mitigation of /adaptation to climate change Selected examples - Mitigating CO 2 emissions often results in increased air quality - Irrational use of biomass → increased PM levels - Use of diesel → increased PM levels - Increased building insulation for energy efficiency results in increased indoor air pollution - Increased use of pesticides for protecting crops HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 3
Department of Chemical Engineering Vulnerabilities School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Vulnerable population subgroups affected by climate change HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 4
Department of Chemical Engineering Risk and adaptation School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki How to identify the most efficient adaptation strategies for reducing health risks? How to ensure better public health protection? HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 5
Department of Chemical Engineering What can we do? School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Using the climate exposome we can address: The interactions among activity sectors and changing environment Exposure and effects of Chemical stressors (air pollution (ambient/indoor), pesticides), waste ……. Physical stressors (UV radiation, heat waves….) Biological stressors (infectious diseases, microbiome…..) Interactions between chemical, physical and biological stressors Interplay of vulnerabilities and socioeconomic factors HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 6
The climate exposome Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Embracing complexity to seek simple solutions to EH problems HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 7
Department of Chemical Engineering Main elements of an ABM School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1. Agents 3. Environment Agents are objects with attitude! Flexible, interacting, autonomous Major types of agent environments Perceives • Attributes See Infer • Characteristics • Resources • Skills Cellular automata (von Neumann) Euclidean Space (2D) • Goals Acts • Memory Choose Do • Behavioural rules • Decision making 4. Time Keeping Agent Geographic Information System Network topology (GIS) 2. Interactions HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 8
Department of Chemical Engineering Main elements of an ABM School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ABM simulation preview Air Quality Data Human Agent Trajectories Time Activity Place Vehicle Activities 0:00 sleep home 8:10 commute road car Sleeping 8:20 paidwork work Buildings, In transit Land Use 11:20 commute road car Working 12:00 eatdrink home Indoor activities 13:00 tvradio home 18:30 selfcare home Relaxing Road Network 19:10 clean home Sports 20:10 selfcare home 20:50 tvradio home HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 9
Department of Chemical Engineering Exposure trajectories School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Retrospective exposure HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 10
Department of Chemical Engineering Exposure trajectories School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Retrospective exposure HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 11
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki NO 2 exposure in Stuttgart 2020-2030 ci_NO2_Dmax ci_NO2_avg ci_NO2_Hmax 0 0 18,00 120,00 , 0 5 16,00 0 100,00 0 f(x) = - 3,19x + 112,77 f(x) = - 0,86x + 41,23 14,00 , 0 f(x) = - 0,31x + 14,68 4 12,00 0 80,00 0 , 10,00 0 3 60,00 0 8,00 0 , 0 6,00 40,00 2 0 4,00 0 , 20,00 0 2,00 1 0 0,00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0,00 , 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 12
Understanding common Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki pathways of disease enhanced by CC or enhancing susceptibility to CC Asthma is exacerbated by changes in pollen season and allergenicity and in exposures to air pollutants affected by changes in temperature, humidity, and wind COPD patients are more Diabetes increases sensitive than the general Obesity increases sensitivity to heat population to changes in sensitivity to high stress ambient air quality ambient temperatures associated with climate change Cardiovascular disease increases sensitivity to heat stress. Persons with cognitive impairments are vulnerable to extreme weather events that require evacuation or other emergency responses HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 13
CC mitigation impacts Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Unequally distributed impacts Period: December – mid-February HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 14
CC mitigation impacts Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Unequally distributed impacts Biomass emitted particles - Lower aerodynamic diameter, hence penetrate deeper across HRT - Higher PAHs content per mass of PM Lung cancer risk (more toxic) ↓ Significantly higher amount of PAHs reaches alveoli ↓ Highly spatially and age 1E-04 5%-95% Lung cancer risk stratified differentiated risk Q2-Q1 Q1 1E-05 3 7 1E-06 1E-07 1E-08 Lower SES area Higher SES area HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 15
Department of Chemical Engineering Climate social model School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 16
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 17
Department of Chemical Engineering Final Conclusions School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Climate exposome serves precise and cost-effective prevention by: – Better understanding the multifactorial causes of disease – Identifying early on the biological onset of adverse health outcomes – Identifying the interplay among disease mechanisms – in relation to environment stressors and CC – Integrated strategies for combating CC, environmental contamination and precise prevention HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 18
Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Bertold Brecht’s Life of Galileo : “ The main objective of science is not to open the door to infinite wisdom but to roll back the boundaries of infinite error . Thank you for your attention www.enve-lab.eu A connectivity perspective to environmental health HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEETING Rome, Italy December 3-5, 2018 19
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