Capital Using specific MCA for mapping differences among Swedish - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Out-of-Study Practices as Investments in Rivalling Forms of Symbolic Capital

Using specific MCA for mapping differences among Swedish Higher Education Students

Presented at the CARME conference Rennes, 8-11 February, 2011 Ida LIDEGRAN & Mikael PALME

Sociology of Education and Culture (SEC) Uppsala University http://www.skeptron.uu.se

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University teachers Medical doctors

Art producers

High civil servants Executives Secondary teachers Small businessmen Lawyers

Healthcare professions

Craftsmen Middle managers private sector Primary teachers Skilled workers Unskilled workers

MEDICINE STOCKHOLM SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATION LAW ECONOMICS BUSINESS SCHOOLS

Social structure of higher education (simplified)

ACADEMY OF ART

Access to elite higher education programmes is determined largely by acquired educational capital and inherited cultural capital

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University teachers Medical doctors

Art producers

High civil servants Big firms executives Secondary teachers Lawyers

Healthcare professions

Middle managers private sector

MEDICINE STOCKHOLM SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS LAW ECONOMICS ACADEMY OF ART

Field of art Field of finance

Social fields and different forms of field specific symbolic capital

Observed differences between practices, values, beliefs, language, self presentation, etc., among students at elite institutions are understandable as differences related to the specific symbolic capital needed for the entry into different social fields.

• Ex. individuality and originality as opposed to efficiency and self-management

Instead of talking about different forms of cultural capital, we have opted for talking about different forms of symbolic capital with both common and competing components

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Research questions

• 1. What differences exist with regard

to out-of-study practices among students at socially and scholarly selective Swedish higher education institutions?

• 2. To what extent do such differences

indicate investments in competing forms of symbolic capital?

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Population

1300 students at 25 socially and scholarly selective higher education study programs in the Stockholm and Uppsala area.

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Selected areas in the questionnaire

The original questionnaire comprises 84 question areas covering study careers, social origin, practices and attitudes in various areas Selected here: practices related to Media practices: Newspapers, TV, Radio (8 questions, 22 categories, representing 27,5%) Cultural practices: Theatre, Literature, Art, Music, Movies (10 questions, 32 categories, 43,1%) Body-oriented practices: Clothes, Sports, Outdoor activities (8 questions, 23 categories, 29,4%)

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0,0000 0,0200 0,0400 0,0600 0,0800 0,1000 0,1200 0,1400 0,1600 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Eigenvalues, Axes 1-20

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Axis 1

Axis 1 - variables Ctr Positive , modalities Ctr Negative, modalities Ctr Art museum and galleries 11,71 Both art museum & gall 5,80 No art museum or gall 5,78 Culture page in newspaper 9,77 Culture page 4,10 No culture page 5,67 Read poets 9,17 Poets, 2-4 poets 5,30 No poets 1,76 Poets, 1 poet 2,11 Seen movies 9,14 Movies, 2 categories 6,76 Movie, 1 category 2,05 Listen pop music 8,56 Pop, 2 categories 3,52 No pop 5,03 Buy second hand clothes 8,28 Cloth sec hand, 1-2 categ. 6,51 No cloth sec hand 1,76 Listen to commercial radio 6,38 Not commercial radio 3,60 Commercial radio 2,78 Listen to Radio-P1 5,80 Radio-P1 4,67 Listen to folk music 5,35 Folk music, 3-4 categories 3,57 No folk music 1,66 Go to theatre 5,22 Theatre, 2 categories 3,61 No theatre 1,61

Media practices = dark shade Cultural practices = gray shade Body-oriented practices = white shade

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• 1.0
• 0.5

0.5 1.0 1.5

• 1.0
• 0.5

0.5 1.0

Cultural pra Axis 2 Both editorial/debat No culture page Culture page Radio-P1 Not commercial radio Commercial radio No theatre Theatre > 2 No art Both art museum and gallery Movie 1 Movie > 1 No poets Poets 1 Poets 2-4 No folk music Folk music 3-4 Classical music 3 Jazz 2-3 No pop Pop 2 No cloth sec hand Cloth sec hand 1-2 Axis 1 l practices - 0.144 0.091

STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES WEAK CULTURAL PRACTICES

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Axis 2

Axis 2 Variables Ctr Positive, modalities Ctr Negative, modalities Ctr Sport activities 11,10 No sport activ 4,43 Sport activ, 4-5 categories 3,92 Sport activ, 1 category 1,72 Buy expensive cloth 9,00 Cloth exp, 1-4 categories 8,11 Buy juvenile cloth 8,76 No cloth juven 3,60 Cloth juven, 2-5 categ. 3,47 Cloth juven, 1 categ. 1,69 Swimming and skiing vac. 8,69 No swim/skiing vac 4,06 Swim or skiing vac. 1,52 Both swim and skiing vac 3,10 Read economy page 8,46 No economy page Economy page 6,70 Attitude towards quality cloths 8,45 Quality cloths unimportant 2,02 Quality cloths important 4,74 Quality cloths no attitude 1,69 Buy cloths, chain stores 6,52 Cloth chain stores, 2 categ. 3,40 No cloth chain stores 3,02 Listen to hiphop/techno 6,40 No hip hop/techno 2,82 Hip hop/techno, 2-3 cat. 2,99 Attitude towards conscious clothing 5,01 Conscious cloth not important 2,21 Conscious clothing important 1,65 Read newspapers 4,96 Newspaper SvD (conserv.) 3,30 Listen to jazz 4,52 No jazz 2,85 Read sports page 3,71 Sports page 2,90 Go to theatre 3,60 No theatre 2,32

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• 1.0
• 0.5

0.5 1.0 1.5

• 1.0
• 0.5

0.5 1.0

Cloth exp 1-4 Axis 1 Cloth conscious no No sport activ Cloth chain 2 Cloth quality unimp No swim/skiing vac Sport activ 1 No cloth juven No cloth conscious No cloth quality No economic page No theatre No jazz Cloth conscious yes Cloth juven 1 Cloth quality imp Hip hop/techno 2-3 Cloth juven 2-5 Both swim and skiing No cloth chain Economics page Sport activ 4-5 Sports page Axis 2 No hip hop/techno Swim or skiing vac Newspaper SvD ented practices - 0.144 ented practices ++ 0.091

STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES WEAK CULTURAL PRACTICES PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - WEAK PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - STRONG

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Axis 3

Axis 3 Ctr Positive, modalities Ctr Negative, modalities Ctr Buy cloths, chain stores 11,26 Cloth chain stores, 1 categ 3,96 No cloth chain store 6,32 Listen to Radio-P3 10,24 Radio-P3 4,77 No Radio-P3 5,47 Listen to classical music 9,15 No classical music 3,20 Classical music, 3 categ. 5,59 Listen to Radio-P1 8,24 No Radio-P1 3,89 Radio-P1 4,35 Read editorial and debate pages 7,39 No editorial/debate page 3,88 Both edit and debate pages 3,48 Attitude towards quality cloths 6,98 Quality cloths unimportant 3,67 Quality cloths important 3,01 Listen to pop music 6,51 No pop music 3,53 Pop music, 2 categories 2,43 Read economy page 6,12 No economy page 2,07 Economy page 4,05 Attitude towards conscious clothing 5,88 Conscious clothing important 2,11 Conscious cloth no attitude 2,12 Conscious clothing unimport 1,65 Read newspaper 5,40 Newspaper local 1,91 Newspaper SvD (conserv) 2,39 Listen to rock music 4,09 Rock music, 2 categories 2,14 No rock music 1,44 Listen to hip hop/techno 3,82 Hip hop/techno, 1 category 2,51

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• 1.0
• 0.5

0.5 1.0 1.5

• 0.8
• 0.4

0.4

Axis 1 Newspaper local Newspaper SvD No editorial/debate Both editorial/debat No economic page Economics page Radio no P1 Radio-P1 No Radio P3 Radio-P3 Theatre > 2 No hip hop/techno Hip hop/techno 1 No rock music Rock music 2 No classical music Classical music 3 No pop Pop 2 No cloth chain Cloth chain 2 Cloth exp 1-4 Cloth conscious no Cloth conscious yes Cloth quality unimp Cloth quality important Axis 3 0.144 Traditionally legitimate practices 0.072 Mainstream practices STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES WEAK CULTURAL PRACTICES MAINSTREAM PRACTICES TRADITIONALLY LEGITIMATE PRACTICES

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• 0.4

0.4 0.8

• 0.8
• 0.4

0.4 0.8

Engineering-Industrial Axis 1 Fine arts Axis 2 Cultural practices ++ Cultural practices - Economy and body oriented practices ++ Economy and body oriented practices -

STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES WEAK CULTURAL PRACTICES PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - WEAK PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - STRONG

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• 0.4

0.4 0.8

• 0.8
• 0.4

0.4 0.8

Axis 1 Axis 2 Economics Science Economy and body oriented practices ++ Cultural practices ++ Cultural practices - Economy and body oriented practices -

STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES WEAK CULTURAL PRACTICES PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY-INVESTMENTS - WEAK PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY-INVESTMENTS - STRONG

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• 0.4

0.4 0.8

• 0.8
• 0.4

0.4 0.8

Axis 1 Axis 2 Economy and body oriented practices ++ Cultural practices ++ Cultural practices - Medical program Economy and body oriented practices -

STRONG CULTURAL PRACTICES WEAK CULTURAL PRACTICES PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - WEAK PRACTICES ORIENTED TOWARDS ECONOMY AND COSTLY BODY INVESTMENTS - STRONG

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Stockholm School of Economics

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Royal Institute

• f Art

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Royal Institute

• f Tecnology

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Conclusions

• 1. Intense cultural practices (i.e. in cultural areas)
• ppose weak such practices
• 2. Practices valorizing economy and costly investments

in the body oppose practices ignoring such practices

• 3. Traditionally legitimate practices in cultural areas

(i.e. not avant garde practices) as well as in other areas, oppose mainstream practices

• 4. Intense as well as advanced (avant garde) cultural

practices oppose cultural practices restricted to traditionnally legitimate culture

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Conclusions (cont.)

• 5. Adherence to singular study programs match these
• ppositions ─ e.g. fine arts oppose industrial

engineering and economics; science opposes economics

• 6. Medicine (central position) seems to be the study

program that unites most of the competing forms of symbolic capital at play

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• 7. Advanced practices in specifically cultural areas, and

the corresponding habitus, do not par définition constitute a generally recognized symbolic capital among elite students. Rather they compete with other forms of symbolic capital for general recognition., i.e. for becoming part of a generally recognized cultural capital.

Conclusions (cont.)

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• 8. It is not sufficient to speak merely of weaker or

stronger cultural capital in a single dimension. Symbolic capital connected to various forms of practices compete among elite students. There is a struggle for the definition of legitimate symbolic capital. For example, students in economics tend to invest in expensive body-oriented practices along with traditionally legitimate cultural practices, whereas fine arts students invest both in avant garde and in traditionally legitimate cultural activities while rejecting expensive body-oriented practices.

Conclusions (cont.)

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Modified rates, Axes 1-20