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campaign to GOES-R and MTG Rachel Albrecht 1 Collaborators: Carlos - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 07, 2023 244 likes •820 views

Contributions from CHUVA field campaign to GOES-R and MTG Rachel Albrecht 1 Collaborators: Carlos Morales 2 , Steve Goodman 3 , Richard Blakeslee 4 , Jeffrey Bailey 5 , Lary Carey 5 , Douglas Mach 5 , John Hall 5 , Monte Bateman 6 , Bill McCaul 6 ,

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6

Contributions from CHUVA field campaign to GOES-R and MTG

Rachel Albrecht 1

Collaborators: Carlos Morales2, Steve Goodman3, Richard Blakeslee4, Jeffrey Bailey5, Lary Carey5, Douglas Mach5, John Hall5, Monte Bateman6, Bill McCaul6, Scott Rudlosky7, Hartmut Holler8, Hans Betz9, Enrique Mattos1, Amitabh Nag10, Ryan Said10, Jean-Yves Lojou10, Stan Heckman11, Osmar Pinto Jr1, Kleber Naccarato1, Antonio Saraiva1, Marcelo Saba1, Robert Holzworth12, Graeme Anderson13, Melanie Collins13 , Evandro Anselmo2, Joao Neves2

1 INPE, 2 USP, 3 NOAA NESDIS/NASA GSFC, 4 NASA MSFC, 5 UAH, 6 USRA, 7 NOAA NESDIS, 8 DLR, 9 Nowcast, 10 Vaisala Inc., 11 EarthNetworks, 12UW, 13

MetOffice,

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SLIDE 2

6 6

Understanding the different lightning detection technologies: A contribution from CHUVA-GLM field campaign.

Rachel Albrecht 1 Carlos Morales 2

Collaborators: Steve Goodman3, Richard Blakeslee4, Jeffrey Bailey5, Lary Carey5, Douglas Mach5, John Hall5, Monte Bateman6, Scott Rudlosky7, Hartmut Holler8, Hans Betz9, Enrique Mattos1, Amitabh Nag10, Ryan Said10, Jean-Yves Lojou10, Stan Heckman11, Osmar Pinto Jr1, Kleber Naccarato1, Antonio Saraiva1, Marcelo Saba1, Robert Holzworth12, Graeme Anderson13, Melanie Collins13 , Evandro Anselmo2, Joao Neves2

1 INPE, 2 USP, 3 NOAA NESDIS/NASA GSFC, 4 NASA MSFC, 5 UAH, 6 USRA, 7 NOAA NESDIS, 8 DLR, 9 Nowcast, 10 Vaisala Inc., 11 EarthNetworks, 12UW, 13

MetOffice,

Cloud processes of tHe main precipitation systems in Brazil: A contribUtion to cloud resolVing modeling and to the GPM (GlobAl Precipitation Measurement)

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SLIDE 3

CHUVA Project: Main Goals

  • Improve Rainfall Estimation Using Satellites and/or Radar
  • Improve the Skill of Cloud Resolving Models
  • Compile a Climatology of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil

and their physical and microphysical characteristics

  • Develop Tools for Nowcasting.

WORKING GROUP–1: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRECIPITATING SYSTEMS AS FUNCTION OF THE REGION AND LIFE STAGE (Luiz Machado) WORKING GROUP–2: PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION – DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ALGORITHM (Daniel Vila) WORKING GROUP–3: ELETRIFICATION PROCESS: MOVING FROM CLOUDS TO THUNDERSTORMS (Carlos Morales) WORKING GROUP–4: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER FOR DIFFERENT CLOUD PROCESSES AND PRECIPITATION REGIMES (Gilberto Fisch) WORKING GROUP–5: MODEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALIDATION, WITH FOCUS IN CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND AEROSOL INTERACTIONS, FOR SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES IN BRAZIL (Maria Assunção Dias)

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SLIDE 4

CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule

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SLIDE 5

CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule

YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 2010

Alcântara (NE)

2011

Fortaleza (NE) Fortaleza (NE) Belém (N) Belém (N) V.Paraíba (SE) V.Paraíba (SE)

2012

V.Paraíba (SE) V.Paraíba (SE) V.Paraíba (SE) Sta.Maria (SO) Sta.Maria (SO)

2013

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

  • S. Paulo

(SE)

2014

Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO) Manaus (NO)

Cp.Grande

(CE)

Cp.Grande

(CE)

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SLIDE 6

Instruments

Radar móvel banda X de dupla polarização 2 radares MicroRain 10 Disdrômetros (Joss-Waldgel, Thies, Parsival) 15 pluviômetros 1 Lidar 2 Radiômetros 3 sítios de radiossondagem … e mais: Estações meteorológicas Fluxos turbulentos Umidade de solo Umidade por GPS Radiação solar Qualidade do ar Contador de CCN

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CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

  • Goals of CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba:
  • Besides CHUVA (precipitation measurement) goals…
  • Contribute to GOES-R GLM and MTG LI Risk Reduction,

Algorithm, and Calibration/Validation activities by:

  • collecting total lightning data under MSG coverage
  • generate GLM/LI proxy data
  • Understand the differences between ground based LLS in

respect to TRMM LIS.

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SLIDE 8

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

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SLIDE 9

Redes de detecção de raios instaladas:

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

  • Instrumentação / dados:

Redes operacionais: 6 câmeras de vídeo de alta velocidade 8 Field-Mills Observações de Satélite:

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SLIDE 10

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

  • Available data:
  • Lightning Mapping Array (NASA/UAH/NOAA) [2011-10-24 to 2012-03-31]
  • LINET (EUMETSAT/DLR)

[2011-12-10 to 2012-03-31]

  • TLS200 (Vaisala)

[2012-01-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • ENTLN (EarthNetworks)

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • RINDAT (INPE)

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • STARNET (USP)

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • WWLLN (Univ. Washington)

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • GLD360 (Vaisala)

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • ATDnet (MetOffice)

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

  • TRMM-LIS

[2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]

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SLIDE 11

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

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SLIDE 12

# of sources

CHUVA-GLM Vale: Lightning activity summary

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CHUVA-GLM Vale: Lightning activity summary

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SLIDE 14

CHUVA-GLM Vale: Lightning activity summary

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  • 16 LIS overpasses with lighting flashes during CHUVA:

Orbit # Date Time (UTC) Time (LST) 80095 12/7/2011 20:13 17:07 80202 12/14/2011 17:00 13:54 80207 12/14/2011 23:33 20:27 80482 1/1/2012 15:02 11:56 80767 1/19/2012 23:02 19:56 80843 1/24/2012 20:02 16:56 81062* 2/7/2012 20:08 17:02 81077 2/8/2012 19:12 16:06 81108* 2/10/2012 19:00 15:54 81123 2/11/2012 18:04 14:58 81169 2/14/2012 16:55 13:49 81230~ 2/18/2012 14:50 11:44 81362 2/27/2012 3:12 0:06 81576 3/11/2012 20:46 17:40 81591* 3/12/2012 19:50 16:44 81825* 3/27/2012 19:01 15:55 * - Good cases ~ - False LIS flash

CHUVA-GLM Vale: TRMM LIS overpasses

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SLIDE 16
  • LLS measurements during a

TRMM LIS orbit:

Orbit #80202 2011-12-14 17:02:48 UTC

  • Squall line with a few

convective cores and a trailing edge

  • LLS intercomparison on a

single convective core

TRMM VIRS

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-12-14 case

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SLIDE 17

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-12-14 case

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SLIDE 18

TRMM VIRS LIS LMA LIS LINET RINDAT STARNET WWLLN ATDnet GLD360 ENTLN

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-12-14 case

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SLIDE 19

– Upper left: Radar + LIS + LMA – Upper right: Radar + LIS + LINET – Lower left: Radar + LIS + TLS200 VHF – Lower right: Radar + LIS + EarthNetworks

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

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SLIDE 20

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-03-27 case

Play Monte Bateman’s video

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SLIDE 21

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

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SLIDE 22

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

  • Build LMA Flashes (E. W. McCaul’s algorithm) and match these flashes to
  • ther networks. (256 flashes)
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SLIDE 23

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

Dt = 0.1 ms Dl = 0.5 km 314 LINET stokes matches LMA sources

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SLIDE 24

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

Dt = 0.1 ms Dl = 1.0 km 437 LINET stokes matches LMA sources (+123)

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SLIDE 25

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

Dt = 0.1 ms Dl = 0.5 km 357 LINET stokes matches LMA sources (+43)

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SLIDE 26

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

Dt = 10 ms Dl = 0.5 km 605 LINET stokes matches LMA sources (+291)

Gone too far:

  • Bimodal t diff
  • non-unique

matches

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SLIDE 27

TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case

  • Find the Dl for each LMA flash when # of matches does not change with

increasing Dt:

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SLIDE 28

– LMA was operating in channel 8 – Noise source from a local TV/radio stations at channel 9 (and others?) – Example from a clear sky day (02 Jan 2012) PROBLEMS FOUND : LMA noise

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SLIDE 29

– Attempt to filter noise:

– Group sources into flashes (McCaul’s flash algorithm) and use only flashes with more than 10 sources – If flash mean+1s lat/lon falls within 300 m of the TV tower, do not use it. – It works for non- thunderstorm days, but apparently it also filters real sources – Next steps (before starting network intercomparisons): a) Recover real sources from 1-min accumulations of “noise” and real sources; b) Play with LMA-flash algorithm variables

upper left: all sources upper right: flashes w/ 10+ souces lower left: “noise” sources lower right: filtered sources

PROBLEMS FOUND : LMA noise

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SLIDE 30
  • LIS events

sometimes has an

  • ffset

(parallax or ephemeris?) PROBLEMS FOUND : LMA noise

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SLIDE 31
  • Clear sky

(no radar echo)

  • No records on any of

the LLS PROBLEMS FOUND : LIS false flash

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SLIDE 32

“Snail” lightning PROBLEMS FOUND : Weird flashes…. (?)

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SLIDE 33

Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS

São Paulo # of strokes - 250m x 250m (1999 to 2011) Courtesy of Marcelo Saba

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SLIDE 34

2 Km 5 Km Phanton 10,000 fps 4,000 fps

Courtesy of Marcelo Saba

~90o

Slow-E and fast-E field for a positive CG flash

Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS

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SLIDE 35

Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS

  • 14 upward lightning flashes in 5 days, and much more:

– March 10th, 2012 – 2 upwards – March 15th, 2012 – 3 upwards – March 23rd, 2012 – 1 upward – March 27th, 2012 – 4 upwards

  • 12 of them recorded with 4000 fps
  • 3 of them recorded simultaneously with 10,000 and 4000 fps from

different angles (90o)

  • 1 of them had simultaneous leaders from the two towers (30 ips only)

Courtesy of Marcelo Saba

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SLIDE 36

Almost all upwards were preceded by +CGs

Upward 1

Courtesy of Marcelo Saba

Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS

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SLIDE 37

Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS Upward 1 - LMA

Negative leaders approaching the tower T1, followed by a +CG return stroke that

  • ccurred at 36

km from T1

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SLIDE 38

Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS

Play Marcelo Saba’ s video (10,000 fps)

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SLIDE 39

Belem: Higher dBZ and LWC/IWC at -15 to – 40oC -> more aggregates and snow flakes??? Vale Paraiba: Higer dBZ and LWC/IWC at 0 to -15oC -> more supercooled water and more graupel??? Vale Belém Fortaleza Mean dBZ and estimated ice+water content profiles derived from XPOL

Courtesy of Carlos Morales

Comparison between field experiments

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SLIDE 40

# of STARNET strokes for Belem, Fortaleza and Vale

Courtesy of Carlos Morales

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SLIDE 41

Interaction with Weather Forecast Offices

6-minute source density plots overlapped with radar, satellite and NWP “Having the LMA source density helped us to determine and monitor which convective cells were growing and active. It was nice to have an updated image every 1 minute. Also we did not had radar data for a few days, so we used LMA as a radar-like product.” Centro de Gerenciamento de Emergencias (CGE) “When the radar was off, we used LMA to monitor the storms and issue warnings.” Centro de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)

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SLIDE 42

Severe Weather – Lightning Jump?

PRELIMINAY RESULTS:

  • Case study of a severe weather event (07 January 2012):
  • Hail, damaging winds and flooding were reported in São Paulo and

Guarulhos.

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CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 44

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 45

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 46

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 47

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 48

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 49

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 50

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 51

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km)

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SLIDE 52

CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba

max Z (3 km) “Lightning Jump”: Very rapid increase in incloud lightning activity has been associated to severe weather (tornadoes, hail and damaging winds) [Schultz et al. 2009; Gatlin and Goodman 2010]

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SLIDE 53
  • LIS overpasses cases:

– investigate the relationship between LIS parameters (events, groups, flashes, radiances) to each LLS – Generate “pseudo-GLM/LI” gridding data in 8x8 km: » can all LLS be used as proxy data or cal/val reference?

  • Determine the LLS detection efficiency and location

accuracy (use towers and LMA as ground truth)

  • Severe Weather:

– Can we issue warnings with LMA using a lightning-jump-like algorithm? NEXT STEPS…

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SLIDE 54
  • 2012-2014 CHUVA experiments:

– CHUVA–Sul:

  • Location: Santa Maria, RS
  • Period: Nov-Dec 2012
  • Lightning instruments: LINET, STARNET, GLD360, BRASILDAT, field-mills

– CHUVA–Sao Paulo:

  • Location: Metropolitan area of Sao Paulo
  • Period: Jan-Sep 2013
  • Lightning instruments: LINET(?), STARNET, GLD360, BRASILDAT, field-mills, High-Speed

Video Cameras (10,000 and 6,000 fps), Low and High Speed Antennas

– CHUVA–Centro:

  • Location: somewhere central Brazil (Brasilia or Campo Grande, MS)
  • Period: Oct-Nov 2013
  • Lightning instruments: LINET(?), STARNET, GLD360, BRASILDAT (?), field-mills

– CHUVA-Amazonia:

  • Location: Manaus, AM
  • Period: Jan-Dec 2014
  • Lightning instruments: LINET(?), STARNET, GLD360, field-mills, LMA (? – proposal to buy

an LMA for Brazil is on the way)

  • Together with Go-Amazon (http://campaign.arm.gov/goamazon2014/)

– If we get funded to buy an LMA, we might propose to be a GV site in Sao Paulo

Target of opportunity for GLM/LI Cal/Val and R3

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SLIDE 55

Target of opportunity for GLM/LI Cal/Val and R3

CHUVA-Centro CHUVA-Sul CHUVA-Amazonia CHUVA-Sao Paulo

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SLIDE 56

6

Thanks

rachel.albrecht@cptec.inpe.br

http://chuvaproject.cptec.inpe.br/