By Timothy Adelani History Originally built by Marcus Agrippa in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

By Timothy Adelani

History

 Originally built by Marcus Agrippa in

27BC

 In Campus Martius  732 workers for 3 years

 M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIUM·FECIT  Disputed shape-T shape or Circular with

a triangular porch

 Completely destroyed in 80AD

 After the fire it was reconstructed by

Domitian

 This burned in 110AD  Rebuilt by Hadrian

 The bricks are dated by manufacturing

stamps

 Trajan’s architect Apollodorus of Damascus

 This is the current Pantheon

Materials

 Granite columns

 From Egypt, Mons Claudianus  Weighed 60 metric tonnes  Dragged 100Km to the Nile, floated down the river,

transferred across Mediterranean to Ostia, on barges up the Tiber to Rome.

 Main building

 Marble  Travertine  Tufa  Pumice  Brick

Portico

 Previously approached by steps  Pediment

 Relief sculpture-gilded bronze  Eagle with outstretched wings in a ribboned

wreath

 Columns

 Monolithic  Granite  Originally 50 Roman feet with 10 foot capitals

 However they obscured second pediment  Therefore only 40 Roman feet and 8 foot capitals

 Corinthian Capitals

 There are three niches at the back of the

portico

 Possibly for Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar and

Agrippa

Dome

 The whole dome is made from concrete and

weighs 4,535 tonnes

 It’s weight is reduced by a honeycomb structure

inside as well as the use of the oculus as opposed to an apex

 To shed more weight the cupola is 6.4metres at

the base and 1.2 at the oculus

 The inclusion of terracotta jars added air to the

cement making it light

 The dome is supported by eight barrel vaults

built into the walls

 The dome is composed of different layers of

materials

 Travertine  Travertine/Tufa  Tufa/brick  Brick  Pumice

 Coffers  Oculus

 Reduce weight  Natural light  Apocalyptic

 Geometry

 43.3m-perfect sphere  Coffers add depth  Largest dome in the world until Brunelleschi’s

Florence Cathedral in 1436

Interior

 The floor is slightly tilted  Circles and squares the predominant theme

 Unifies the building

 Lavish multicoloured marbles  Coffers

 May have contained stars or rosettes

Later Use

 Has been in use since it was built  Shut as a temple with the onset of

Christianity

 Given to Pope Boniface VIII in 608  Renamed St. Mary and the Martyrs  Tombs

 Vittorio Emanuele II, Umberto I, Rafaello

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