FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory Timothy Mueller Timothy - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory Timothy Mueller Timothy - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller Senior Thesis, Spring 2006 Senior Thesis, Spring 2006 Structural Option Structural Option FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory Timothy Mueller Senior
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option P P R R O O J J E E C C T T B B A A C C K K G G R R O O U U N N D D Navy Ordnance Site U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. General Services Administration
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- White Oak Campus
White Oak Campus White Oak Campus White Oak Campus Silver Spring, MD Silver Spring, MD Silver Spring, MD Silver Spring, MD
P P R R O O J J E E C C T T B B A A C C K K G G R R O O U U N N D D
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option P P R R O O J J E E C C T T B B A A C C K K G G R R O O U U N N D D
Delivery Method: Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build Major Building Code: Major Building Code: IBC 2000 Cost: Cost: $63 Million Start Date: Start Date: March 22, 2005 Finish Date: Finish Date: November 1, 2006
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
G G E E N N E E R R A A L L A A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T U U R R E E
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Size:
- 139,805 Sq Ft
Façade:
- Many decorative aluminum & sheet
metal panels
- Ribbon windows
- Full glazing curtain walls
- Horizontal sunshields
High Bay Laboratory:
- Located on West Side
- Decorative curved metal roof
Height:
- 86’ above grade
- Central core w/ 5th floor penthouse
- Four story main structure
- One floor below grade
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option E E X X I I S S T T I I N N G G S S T T R R U U C C T T U U R R E E Roof: Roof: Typical concrete on metal deck w/ steel frame of:
- W14X122
- W10X73
Superstructure: Superstructure: Typically one-way cast-in-place concrete w/ monolithic poured:
- 4.5” slab
- 10”X16” joist
- 16”X16” joist
- 20”X20.5” beams
- 18”X24” columns
Foundation: Foundation:
- 3’ deep step footing
- 10’X10’spread footing
below columns Unique protection: Unique protection:
- 20”X30” progressive
collapse beams
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Considerations: Considerations:
Concrete Pros: Concrete Pros:
- High Vibration Stability
- Integrated Fireproofing
- Small Floor Sandwich
Concrete Cons: Concrete Cons:
- Labor Intensive
- Large Total Mass
- Steel Roof System
Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Construct the FDA CDRH
Construct the FDA CDRH Laboratory with Steel Laboratory with Steel
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
Loading: Loading:
Dead load: Dead load: 73psf 73psf USF2X deck and Concrete: 48psf Superimposed: 25psf Snow load (Washington D.C.): Snow load (Washington D.C.): 30psf 30psf Live Load: Live Load: 125psf 125psf Light Manufacturing (Most Laboratory Spaces): 125psf Light Storage (Supplementary Laboratory Spaces): 125psf The controlling combination in both N/S and E/W direction is 1.2D +1.0E + 0.5L + 0.2S 1.2D +1.0E + 0.5L + 0.2S for all floors except the first floor which was controlled in both directions by 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L + 0.5S 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L + 0.5S
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option Deflection Criteria: Deflection Criteria: Live: l/360, Total: l/240, & Vibration Criteria
- G
G R R A A V V I I T T Y Y A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Design A Design A
5” slab over 22 gage UF2X form deck with 44-W2.9XW2.9 welded wire fabric. Vibration velocity when a person is walking slowly: 6,214 6,214 μ μ in/sec in/sec Criteria level: 1 1
≤ 8,000 μ in/sec: computer systems, operating rooms, surgery, and bench microscopes at up to 100x magnification
Vibration velocity when a person is running: 141,086 141,086 μ μ in/sec in/sec Criteria level:
- G
G R R A A V V I I T T Y Y A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Design B Design B
5” slab over 20 gage UF2X form deck with 44-W2.9XW2.9 welded wire fabric. Vibration velocity when a person is walking slowly: 255 255 μ μ in/sec in/sec Criteria level: 5 5
≤ 500 μ in/sec: electron microscopes at up to 30,000x magnification, microtomes, magnetic response imagers, and microelectronics manufacturing equipment class C
Vibration velocity when a person is running: 5,794 5,794 μ μ in/sec in/sec Criteria level: 1 1
≤ 8,000 μ in/sec: computer systems, operating rooms, surgery, and bench microscopes at up to 100x magnification
- G
G R R A A V V I I T T Y Y A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option Deflection Criteria: Deflection Criteria: h/400 Seismic Deflection Criteria: Seismic Deflection Criteria: 0.02h/floor No damage to building systems (h/180)
- L
L A A T T E E R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option Typical Column: W14 W14
Design A Design A
- L
L A A T T E E R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y Moment Frames: 3 3
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Design B Design B
Typical Column: W14 W14
- L
L A A T T E E R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y Moment Frames: 6 6
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- A
A D D D D I I T T I I O O N N A A L L C C O O N N S S I I D D E E R R A A T T I I O O N N S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
Blast Control: Blast Control:
- Location
Location - center of the limited access White Oak campus
- One road access
road access point - north end of the building
- No interior below grade parking
below grade parking garages
- Extra layer of welded wire mesh
welded wire mesh in upper portion of the deck
- Moment connections
- Square columns
Square columns -
- HSS shapes versus W-shape resistance torsion
- progressive collapse beam
progressive collapse beam support the load of two bay spans without deflection criteria W40X230 W40X230 to W40X431 W40X431
- Overall cost of a blast resistant system as compared to a non-resistive
5% 5% increase
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- A
A D D D D I I T T I I O O N N A A L L C C O O N N S S I I D D E E R R A A T T I I O O N N S S
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
Height Height
Total height increase: 8.25 8.25’ ’
- No height restrictions
- Slight increase in wind loads
- Minimal additional cladding cost
Weight/Foundation Weight/Foundation
Total mass decrease: ¼ ¼ original design
- riginal design (just under 6 million kips)
- Lower seismic forces
- Foundations reduced to 1/3 original area
Fireproofing Fireproofing
Compatible spray spray-
- on fireproofing
- n fireproofing
- Decking: 3/8”
- Beams and girders: 1”
- Columns: 1-3/8”
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Considerations: Considerations:
Concrete Pros: Concrete Pros:
- High Vibration Stability
- Integrated Fireproofing
- Small Floor Sandwich
Concrete Cons: Concrete Cons:
- Labor Intensive
- Large Total Mass
- Steel Roof System
Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Construct the FDA CDRH
Construct the FDA CDRH Laboratory with Steel Laboratory with Steel
D D E E P P T T H H S S T T U U D D Y Y
Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Design B Steel Structure
Design B Steel Structure
- Fewer members
Fewer members
- High vibration control
High vibration control
- Blast control
Blast control
- More moment connections
More moment connections
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- C
C O O N N S S T T R R U U C C T T I I O O N N M M A A N N A A G G E E M M E E N N T T
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H Cost: Cost:
- Current System (concrete)
Current System (concrete)
- Design A (steel spanning N
Design A (steel spanning N-
- S)
S)
- Design B (steel spanning E
Design B (steel spanning E-
- W)
W)
- Design B with Blast Resistance
Design B with Blast Resistance $4,492,275.00 $4,492,275.00 $3,799,940.00 $3,799,940.00 $3,392,223.00 $3,392,223.00 $3,561,834.15 $3,561,834.15 $692,335.00 $692,335.00 $1,100,052.00 $1,100,052.00 $930,440.85 $930,440.85
S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- C
C O O N N S S T T R R U U C C T T I I O O N N M M A A N N A A G G E E M M E E N N T T
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H Steel Construction Concrete Construction
Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Design B Steel Structure
Design B Steel Structure
- Fewer members
Fewer members
- High Vibration control
High Vibration control
- Blast control
Blast control
- More moment connections
More moment connections Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Design B Steel Structure
Design B Steel Structure
- Fewer members
Fewer members
- Increased vibration control
Increased vibration control
- More moment connections
More moment connections
- Cost savings
Cost savings
- Time savings
Time savings
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Considerations: Considerations:
Concrete Pros: Concrete Pros:
- High Vibration Stability
- Integrated Fireproofing
- Small Floor Sandwich
Concrete Cons: Concrete Cons:
- Labor Intensive
- Large Total Mass
- Steel Roof System
S S T T U U D D Y Y
- C
C O O N N S S T T R R U U C C T T I I O O N N M M A A N N A A G G E E M M E E N N T T
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- A
A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T U U R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H
to W30X90 to W30X90 to W24X76 to W24X76 to W21X48 to W21X48 S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- A
A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T U U R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H W27X84 W27X84 W21X50 W21X50 W18X40 W18X40 Steel fa Steel faç çade Brick fa ade Brick faç çade E.I.F.S. fa ade E.I.F.S. faç çade ade Precast Precast fa faç çade ade
( (-
- $509,516.02)
$509,516.02) ( (-
- $488,900.10)
$488,900.10) $1,574,993.45 $1,574,993.45 $46,306.63 $46,306.63 $1,592,609.37 $1,592,609.37 S S T T U U D D Y Y
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
- A
A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T U U R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H Steel fa Steel faç çade Brick fa ade Brick faç çade E.I.F.S. fa ade E.I.F.S. faç çade ade $1,086,093.35 $1,086,093.35 $1,039,786.72 $1,039,786.72 Precast Precast fa faç çade ade
Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Design B Steel Structure
Design B Steel Structure
- Fewer members
Fewer members
- Increased vibration control
Increased vibration control
- More moment connections
More moment connections
- Cost savings
Cost savings
- Time savings
Time savings Proposed Solution: Proposed Solution:
- Design B Steel Structure
Design B Steel Structure
- Fewer members
Fewer members
- Increased vibration control
Increased vibration control
- More moment connections
More moment connections
- Cost savings
Cost savings
- Time savings
Time savings
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Considerations: Considerations:
Concrete Pros: Concrete Pros:
- High Vibration Stability
- Integrated Fireproofing
- Small Floor Sandwich
Concrete Cons: Concrete Cons:
- Labor Intensive
- Large Total Mass
- Steel Roof System
- Precast
Precast Fa Faç çade ade
- Fast installation
Fast installation
- Traditional image
Traditional image
- Additional blast resistance
Additional blast resistance
S S T T U U D D Y Y
- A
A R R C C H H I I T T E E C C T T U U R R A A L L A A N N A A L L Y Y S S I I S S
B B R R E E A A D D T T H H
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
$930,440.85 $930,440.85 $441,540.75 $441,540.75 Current Building Current Building
(concrete structure & steel fa (concrete structure & steel faç çade) ade)
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option C C O O N N C C L L U U S S I I O O N N S S S S U U M M M M A A R R Y Y A A N N D D
Proposed Building Proposed Building
(steel structure & steel fa (steel structure & steel faç çade) ade)
Proposed Building Proposed Building
(steel structure & (steel structure & precast precast fa faç çade) ade)
$5,578,368.35 $5,578,368.35 $4,647,927.50 $4,647,927.50 $5,136,827.60 $5,136,827.60
$930,440.85 $930,440.85 $441,540.75 $441,540.75 Current Building Current Building
(concrete structure & steel fa (concrete structure & steel faç çade) ade)
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option C C O O N N C C L L U U S S I I O O N N S S S S U U M M M M A A R R Y Y A A N N D D
Proposed Building Proposed Building
(steel structure & steel fa (steel structure & steel faç çade) ade)
Proposed Building Proposed Building
(steel structure & (steel structure & precast precast fa faç çade) ade)
$5,578,368.35 $5,578,368.35 Cost Savings Cost Savings Greater Than Satisfactory Vibration Control Greater Than Satisfactory Vibration Control Time Savings Time Savings Equivalent Fireproofing Equivalent Fireproofing Campus Unifying Fa Campus Unifying Faç çade ade Smaller Foundation Smaller Foundation Increased Blast Protection Increased Blast Protection
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
Project Background General Architecture Existing Structure Depth Study Gravity Analysis Lateral Analysis Additional Considerations Breadth Study Construction Management Architectural Analysis Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option
I would like to thank the following people: James Piedrafita, Truland Systems Corporation, for providing me with all of my resources, as well as a work experience and knowledge that can not be quantified.
- Dr. Ali Memari, Penn State University, for being my faculty advisor.
- Dr. Walter Schneider, Penn State University, for being my advisor in the Fall of
2005 as well as a tremendous help throughout the thesis year.
- Dr. Hanagan and Professor Parfitt, Penn State University, for a answering my
incessant questions with great patience. The AE Faculty and Staff, Penn State University, for providing me with a truly unique and extraordinary college experience and the ability to present my thesis. The Professional Structural Mentors, for providing insight in a matter of seconds that would take me days to unravel. My Friends, who without their help, support, and ear, I would never have been able to survive this past year.
and
My Family, who not only provided me with a sounding board this past year, but a sound foundation to build my future from.
A A C C K K N N O O W W L L E E D D G G E E M M E E N N T T S S
FDA CDRH Laboratory FDA CDRH Laboratory
Timothy Mueller Timothy Mueller •
- Senior Thesis
Senior Thesis •
- Spring 2006
Spring 2006 •
- Structural Option
Structural Option