Bunches (EFB): Maximized biogas production through full utilization - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Bunches (EFB): Maximized biogas production through full utilization - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 21, 2023 273 likes •560 views

Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB): Maximized biogas production through full utilization of palm oil processing wastes and by-products Anders Ek, Chief Scientist 1 Asia Biogas Singapore PTE

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Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB): Maximized biogas production through full utilization of palm oil processing wastes and by-products

Anders Ek, Chief Scientist Asia Biogas Singapore PTE Limited 03 June 2014

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ASIA BIOGAS INTRODUCTION

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Company Introduction

  • Offices in Singapore, Bangkok and Jakarta
  • Design/Engineering, Turn-key supply , O&M Services and Project

Development

  • Industrial heat
  • Power generation
  • Compressed Biogas/Biomethane (CBG/bioCNG)
  • Over 80 projects in Thailand, Philippines and Vietnam
  • 6 operating projects in Thailand (BOOT)
  • Under construction:
  • Krabi 2.2 MW POME, Thailand
  • Greenfields Dairy Farm Biogas, Indonesia

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LARGE PLANTS?

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Starch Wastewater Biogas Plant, KWTE

  • 10,000 m3

WW/day

  • 3 MW Power

Plant and

  • 22 MW(thermal)

1) Mixing Tank 2) Pump House 3) ABR 4) Control Room 5) Blower House 6) Power Plant 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Cassava Pulp (garg) Biogas Plant, SWE

1 2 3 3 7

  • 1,500 ton

garg/day

  • 8.4 MW Power

plant and

  • 15 MW(thermal)

1) Pulp Dilution 2) Mixing Tanks 3) ABRs 4) Blower/Pump House 5) Control Room 6) Power House 7) Flares 4 5 6

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Biogas plants at SWI, Thailand

1 2 3

1) Starch Factory 2) Starch Wastewater Biogas Plant 3) Cassava Pulp (garg) Biogas Plant

  • 11.4 MW Power

Plant and

  • 37 MW(thermal)
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WASTES FROM PALM OIL PRODUCTION – BIOGAS AND POWER POTENTIAL

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Wastes from Palm Oil Production

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POME 0.5–0.6 m3/ton FFB COD: 50–100,000 mg/L EFB 22 – 24 % of FFB 35 % TS 90 % VS of TS Decanter cake 4 % of FFB 20 – 25 % TS 80 – 85 % VS of TS

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45 TPH POM Waste  5.3 (8.2)* MW

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FFB 45 TPH POME 540 m3/day COD: 90,000 mg/L EFB 248 ton/day 35 % TS 90 % VS of TS Decanter cake 43 ton/day 23 % TS 83 % VS of TS Methane 602 m3/h Power 2.46 MW Methane 652 (1304)* m3/h Power 2.67 (5.33)* MW Methane 100 m3/h Power 0.4 MW

*) with pretreatment of EFB

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BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POME

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Biogas production from POME

  • Technology options?

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IN-GROUND REACTOR TANK REACTOR Reactor type Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) Area Large Medium Technology Simple Medium Automation Medium High Investment Lower Higher

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KrabiWTE POME 2.2 MW

  • Krabi Waste to Energy Co Ltd
  • Host: Krabi Oil-Palm Farmers Cooperatives

Federation Ltd

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Parameter Unit Data POME flow m3/day 500 POME COD mg/L 100,000 Methane Nm3 CH4/day 14,875 Biogas Nm3/day 24,792 Power equivalent kWe 2,534

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KrabiWTE POME 2.2 MW (May)

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Biogas production from POME

  • Effluent treatment?
  • Zero-discharge?
  • Technology no issue – produce

drinking water if you want! (RO, Vibrating Membrane Filtration, etc)

  • Cost/profitability is the issue!

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Biogas production from POME

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  • Aerobic lagoons/irrigation – low cost
  • Aerated treatment OK – but consider OPEX!
  • Solids capture with geo-membranes

Parameter Before After % Removal COD (mg/L) 44,000 221 99.5 % TSS (mg/L) 44,500 400 99.1 %

No polymer added!

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BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM EFB

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Energy production from EFB

  • Sustainable?

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Energy Nutrients Structure material to soil Return to plantation No Yes Yes Composting No Yes Yes Incineration Yes No? No Pellet production Yes, indirect No No Biogas Yes Yes Yes

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Empty Fruit Bunches

  • 35 % TS
  • 90 % VS of TS
  • Cellulose: 29–39 % (d.b.)

(cassava pulp: 13%)

  • Hemicellulose: 22 %

(d.b)

  • Lignin 23% (d.b.)

(cassava pulp: < 2% !)

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EFB – Structure?

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(Doherty et al., 2010) (Mosier et al., 2004)

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Biogas production from EFB

  • Challenges?
  • Low Nitrogen
  • Oil-recovery yes/no  Methane yields
  • High TS  High-solids digestion
  • Ligno-cellulosic  Pre-treatment economic?

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Extruded EFB?

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5 mm

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Biogas production from EFB

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PRETREATMENT (OPTIONAL) POWER CBG SOLID FERTILIZER LIQUID FOR IRRIGATION PRESS (OPTIONAL) EFB OIL-RECOVERY SIZE-REDUCTION DIGESTION GAS PROCESSING DIGESTATE DEWATERING OIL POME AFTER AD

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SYNERGIES / CONCLUSIONS

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Synergies POME/EFB

  • C/N ratio EFB not optimal

–N from POME AD effluent

  • Common gas train

–H2S scrubber –Dehumidifying –Gensets –CAPEX/OPEX reductions

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Biogas from POME & EFB

  • Conclusions?

– Energy + Nutrients + Structure material to soil

  • Power output POME & EFB to biogas @ 90,000 mg COD/L

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Mill size Power @ Different pre-treatment ton FFB/hour Min Max 45 5.5 MW 8.2 MW 60 7.4 MW 11 MW 90 11 MW 16 MW 120 15 MW 22 MW

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Biogas Design Engineering Services EPC and Turnkey Project Construction Project Financing Solutions Biogas solutions for: Cassava Starch Palm Oil Manure Energy Crops Agro-industrial Wastes Food/Beverage Ethanol

Anders Ek, Chief Scientist asiaBIOGAS Bangkok – Singapore – Jakarta www.asiabiogas.com anders.ek@asiabiogas.com