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Cambodia: Leveraging investment in broadband infrastructure for national development Regional Meeting for the Asia-Pacific LDCs Port Vila, Vanuatu - 26 October 2017 Views are those of the presenter and may not necessarily reflect the opinions

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Cambodia: Leveraging investment in broadband infrastructure for national development

Regional Meeting for the Asia-Pacific LDCs Port Vila, Vanuatu - 26 October 2017

Views are those of the presenter and may not necessarily reflect the opinions of UN-OHRLLS

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SLIDE 2

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9C

“Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020”

$1.00 $2.77 $8.43 $9.22 0.9% 4.7% 10.6% 3.9% Cambodia Rwanda Senegal Vanuatu US$ % GDP pc

Cheapest in the world Affordability 500 MB monthly mobile Internet Universality Mobile population coverage 3rd in LDCs

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Lesotho Rwanda Cambodia Vanuatu Senegal 2G 3G 4G/LTE

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49 19 16 14 13 13 12 11 10 10 157 24 21 11 37 15 13 9 8 13 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Singapore Vietnam Malaysia Cambodia Thailand Brunei Phillipines Lao PDR Myanmar Indonesia

ASEAN speeds (Mbps, Sep. 2017)

Mobile Fixed

Source: Ookla

0.3 0.8 3.0 Rwanda Senegal Cambodia

Data usage per mobile subscriber (GB per month, 2016)

Source: Main operator & estimates.

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SLIDE 4

Cambodia success factors

  • High level of competition
  • Easy market entry
  • FDI
  • $
  • No incumbent influence
  • No spectrum auctions
  • Limited regulation

Operator Frequency (MHz) Launch date Smart 1800/2100 Jan 2014 SEATel 850 July 2015 Viettel 1800 Nov 2015 CamGSM 1800 Nov 2015 Kingtel 2600 Jan 2016

4G-LTE Operators in Cambodia 33% use mobile for Internet 48% have smart phone 2016 96% own mobile phone

Kimchhoy Phong, Lihol Srou, and Javier Solá. 2016. Mobile Phones and Internet Use in Cambodia 2016. The Asia Foundation, USAID and the Open Institute.

> Dozen fixed ISPs

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SLIDE 5

3 national fiber

  • ptic backbones

Cross-border connectivity to Thailand & Vietnam 2 submarine cables in 2017

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Core Internet elements

.KH F Global cache F

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Internet use

R² = 0.5076

10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Internet use (% of population) Secondary school gross enrollment Vanuatu Senegal Rwanda 74% Bislama 64% English (5+, 2009 Census) 71% Khmer 6% English (7+, 2013 InterCensus) 49% Kinyarwanda 7% English (15+, 2012 Census) 45% in at least 1 of 8 official

  • r national languages

37% French (10+, 2013 Census)

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Top 10 web sites

Rank Site Comment 1 Youtube.com User-submitted videos. 2 Google.com.kh Search engine 3 Google.com Search engine 4 Khmerload.com Entertainment website. Hosted abroad. 5 Sabay.com.kh Entertainment website. Hosted in Cambodia 6 Facebook.com Social network 7 Freshnewsasia.com Breaking news. Hosted in Cambodia. 8 Kbn-live.com Khmer Breaking News. Hosted abroad. 9 Pmhotnews.com Online lifestyle magazine. Hosted abroad. 10 Kohsantepheapdaily.com.kh Online newspaper. Hosted in Cambodia.

Adapted from https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/KH

74% 33% 30% Entertainment (music, movies, etc.) Cambodian news Information on various topics (health, agriculture, etc.)

3 most important reasons for using Internet

Khmer since 2000

  • 4th largest user in LDCs
  • Most ministries have page & communications

via FB messenger

  • Leading source of news
  • Anecdotal stories of e-commerce (COD)
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SLIDE 9

ICT & economy

$300 $310 $320 $290 $300 $300 $310 $320 $350 $400 $460 $520 $590 $670 $700 $750 $810 $880 $960 $1,020 $1,070 $1,140 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

GNI per capita (US$)

Tourism: 80% of service exports Garments: 78% of goods exports

Telecom: US$520 m (2.6% GDP) 2016 Telecom+ Computer services: 12,173 workers (0.7% of total) 2011

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Investment

ICT as % of total ICT $ per capita ICT ($ m) per percentage point

  • f mobile

broadband coverage Cambodia 19% $39 $9 Rwanda 74% $42 $5 Senegal 49% $129 $40

Private investment in infrastructure, 2007-2016

Cambodia: Private ICT infrastructure not major problem Barrier: availability of low frequency (i.e., <900 MHz) All ~ 14,000 villages to be on fiber backbone New USO

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Business use

Firms with own web site (%) Firms using email to interact with clients / suppliers (%) Country Total Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Cambodia (2016) 24 22 31 38 58 54 70 89 Rwanda (2011) 34 24 47 64 77 68 88 97 Senegal (2014) 35 16 59 83 65 50 86 97 Vanuatu (2009) 24 20 29 na 84 77 95 na

Source: World Bank Enterprise Surveys.

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UN E-Government Development Index

Country Rank 2010 Rank 2016 EGDI 2016 Rank Change Rwanda (7th) 148 138 0.3390 +10 Senegal (9th) 163 144 0.3251 +19 Vanuatu (13th) 155 149 0.3078 +6 Cambodia (17th) 140 158 0.2593

  • 18

https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Data-Center http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploretopics/starting-a-business

40th in Online Service Component among LDCs

9 7 4 5 99 18 6 4 20 40 60 80 100 120 2 4 6 8 10 Cambodia Vanuatu Senegal Rwanda

Starting a Business

Procedures Days

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SLIDE 13

Health

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Financial Inclusion

Global Financial Inclusion (2014) & Vanuatu Financial Inclusion Survey (2016)

13 38 12 39 10 4 4 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Cambodia Rwanda Senegal Vanuatu Mobile money account only (% age 15+) Account at a financial institution (% age 15+)

6 providers

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Startups & software developers

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  • MoU with operator for

free Internet in schools: Phase I (2009-2015): 500 schools Phase II (2016-2020): 4,000

  • ICT curriculum for Grades

11 & 12

  • Content portal
  • Online practice test for

secondary school exam

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SLIDE 17

Out of Cambodia: Data and computer services deficits

Online advertising International bandwidth

$40 $30 $20 $10 $0 $10 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Credits Debits Trade in computer & information services, US$ million

  • US$ 168

million 2016 (0.8% GDP)

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These changes are significant for the broader media ecosystem in Cambodia, Reid said. “Last year, Facebook edged ahead of television as the number-one source of news for Cambodians according to one survey. Post Khmer, the Khmer-language Facebook page for the Phnom Penh Post, has the fourth-most likes in the country, and seven out of 10 of the most popular Facebook pages here are news websites or newspapers,” she told me. Cambodia’s news infrastructure experienced a radical change,

  • vernight. And none of the editors I

was able to contact, or anyone that they knew, had heard from Facebook about the change before it happened. They just walked into work one day and everything was different.

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SWOT

Strengths

  • Highly competitive telecom market

with low prices

  • High Internet penetration for LDC
  • Robust backbone
  • Small but vibrant startup and tech

community

  • Homogenous linguistic market

Weaknesses

  • Low level of digital literacy
  • Lack of ICT vision at highest level of

government (95/139 Importance of ICTs to

government vision of the future)

  • Limited government investment in ICT

for public e-services (120/139 ICT Use &

Government Efficiency)

  • Lack of low frequency spectrum

Opportunities

  • Business connectivity market
  • E-government / e-services
  • Computer services exports
  • Diversify economy

Threats

  • Growing ICT-related data and services

trade deficit

  • Loss of competitiveness