BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE The system of classifying and naming - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

The system of classifying and naming organisms that was developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 1700’s that is still in use today

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

• Every organism is given its own unique

two-part name, which is called its scientific name. Bi= two Nomen= name Nomial= number Clature= classify “Two Number Name Classify” = Two-Part Classification Name

GENUS & SPECIES

• Scientific names are made up of

two names, a GENUS name and a SPECIES name.

GENUS Pinus SPECIES taeda

“Pinus taeda”

COMMON NAMES

• This tree is known by three different

English names, depending on where you live in the United States…

Loblolly Pine Longstraw Pine Indian Pine

Using common names can be very confusing because there are usually multiple (many) different names given to the same organism using different languages that are not known to everyone…

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

• Scientific names are unique to only one

type of organism and use Latin so that no matter what country a scientist is from or what language they speak, they will understand each other…

Pinus taeda

(Genus species)

*No other organism has this exact Latin name, it is unique

GENUS

• A GENUS name is

written first in a scientific name

• Organisms that belong

to the same GENUS are similar, but not exactly alike

• All of these organisms

belong to the same

GENUS=

Felis

SPECIES

• A SPECIES name is

written second in a scientific name

• Organisms that belong

to the same SPECIES are so similar that they can mate and have fertile offspring

• All of these organisms

belong to the same

SPECIES=

domesticus

GENUS vs SPECIES

• Genus groups are

bigger than species groups, but organisms are less alike

• Species groups are

smaller than genus groups, but the

• rganisms are more

alike Same Genus Same Genus Different Species Same Species

Same GENUS Different SPECIES

Genus = Felis Species = concolor Felis concolor “Cougar” Genus = Felis Species = pardalis Felis pardalis “Ocelot” Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat”

Same GENUS Same SPECIES

Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat” Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat” Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat”

SPECIES can MATE and have FERTILE offspring…

+ +

= YES!! = NO!!

MORE EXAMPLES

GENUS= Canis SPECIES= familiaris

“Dog”

MORE EXAMPLES

GENUS= Canis SPECIES= lupus

“Wolf”

SPECIES can MATE and have FERTILE offspring…

+ +

= YES!! = NO!!

LATIN NAME MEANINGS

• Latin word parts

are put together to create names

• Names describe

something about the organism

• A grizzly bear has

a “horrible” reputation

GENUS= Ursus SPECIES= horribilis

LATIN NAME MEANINGS

GENUS= Ursus SPECIES= arctos GENUS= Ursus SPECIES= americanus

“American Black Bear” “Arctic Polar Bear”

RULES OF LATIN SCIENTIFIC NAMES

• Names can describe a physical

characteristic about the organism

• Names can include the name of the

place the organism lives in or where it was discovered

• Names can include the name of the

scientist that discovered the organism

Pheidole fullerae

Ant discovered by a scientist named Fuller

Viola missouriensis

Discovered in Missouri

LATIN SCIENTIFIC NAME MEANINGS

WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES

• Genus names

are capitalized

• Species names

are lowercase

• Underline or

italicize both names

GENUS= Drosophila SPECIES= melanogaster “Fruit Fly”= Drosophila melanogaster

EVEN YOU HAVE A SCIENTIFIC NAME!!

GENUS= Homo SPECIES= sapiens “Humans” = Homo sapiens

EXAMPLES USED DURING PRESENTATION

• Felis concolor
• Felis pardalis
• Felis domesticus
• Canis lupus
• Canis familiaris
• Ursus horribilis
• Ursus arctos
• Ursus americanus
• Viola missouriensis
• Pheidole fullerae
• Drosophila

melanogaster

• Homo sapiens

**ALL EXAMPLES FOLLOW THE PROPER RULES OF CREATING AND WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES**

AP APPL PLY Y WH WHAT YO AT YOU LEA EARN RNED ED AB ABOU OUT T SCIENTIF IENTIFIC IC NAM AMES ES

The following names describe three different types of

North American Pocket Mice. Study the names and answer the questions at the end of your study sheet. *Use only these three names to answer each question!*

Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus

Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus

• 1. What is the GENUS name of this

group?

• 2. How many SPECIES are there in this

group?

• 3. What are the SPECIES names?

Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus

• 4. Give an example of two of these
• rganisms that CANNOT MATE and

have fertile offspring.

• 5. Give an example of two of these
• rganisms that CAN MATE and have

fertile offspring.

Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus

• 6. What can you INFER about the three

types of mice from the SCIENTIFIC NAME that was chosen for them?