Beyond Fracking:
the next steps in the 'extreme energy' debate in Britain
Paul Mobbs
Mobbs' Environmental Investigations http://www.fraw.org.uk/mei/
Beyond Fracking: the next steps in the 'extreme energy' debate in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Beyond Fracking: the next steps in the 'extreme energy' debate in Britain Paul Mobbs Mobbs' Environmental Investigations http://www.fraw.org.uk/mei/ Swalcliffe Grange, North Oxfordshire, December 2012 Paul Mobbs, 2011 Do our conceptions of
Mobbs' Environmental Investigations http://www.fraw.org.uk/mei/
Swalcliffe Grange, North Oxfordshire, December 2012
Pro-Publica, 2008 Paul Mobbs, 2011
The 'strategic environmental appraisal' (SEA) report produced by DECC
for the 14th Round PEDL licences. What the report considered was only a superficial set of environmental impact parameters...
If we use the SEA data, and then add information for the likely effluent quality, it is possible to calculate the levels
SEA report.
The Government uses a higher gas production per well compared to US data. On the SEA's figures only 0.5% to 10% of the resource is produced; more realistic data would indicate 0.2% to 4%. These new figures represent a 2½ times increase – but may be two or four times more with higher recovery.
The Government justifies the “low carbon” qualities of shale gas with reference to DECC's 2013 report, Potential Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Shale Gas Extraction and Use. Question is, are the data and assumptions in the report valid?
Mackay & Stone's results are arguably
values produced when using more representative data. Their calculations are correct – it's the statistics they use which are questionable.
fugitive emissions per well gas production per well emissions per unit of gas =
Source: Low High Mackay/Stone 2 5 USGS 0.03 2.8 USDoE 1.4 1.8
Paper Paper Stephenson et al (2011) 0.60% EPA (2011) 3.00% O'Sullivan and Paltsev (2012) 0.60% Miller et al (2013) 3.00% Cathles et al (2012) 0.90% Petron et al (2014) 3.00% Burnham et al (2011) 1.30% Howarth et al. (2011) 3.30% EPA (2013) 1.65% Petron et al (2012) 4.00% Jiang et al (2011) 2.00% Karion et al (2013) (NOAA) 5.50% EPA (2012) 2.30% NOAA et al (2013) 9.00% Hultman et al. (2011) 2.80%
rejected as “outlier”
figures in billion cu. feet
figures accepted
Jester's Hill, North Oxfordshire, December 2012
2,000 7,000 12,000
Coal import Petroleum import Natural gas import Nuclear import Electrical power import Renewable import Coal Petroleum Natural gas Renewable Coal export Petroleum export Natural gas export Renewable exports Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
PRIMARY ENERGY
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
UK Primary Energy Supply – 1915 to 2013, & projections to 2035
2,000 7,000 12,000
Coal import Coal Coal export Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
COAL
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
coal production peaks ~1923/4 strike combustion plants directive UK production ~20% of supply
2,000 7,000 12,000
Petroleum import Petroleum Petroleum export Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
PETROLEUM
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
production peaks 1999 Piper Alpha 2014 – 50% imports? Persian Gulf imports
2,000 7,000 12,000
Natural gas import Natural gas Natural gas export Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
NATURAL GAS
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
production peaks ~2002/3 liberalisation 2013 – 50% imports
2,000 7,000 12,000
Nuclear import Electrical power import Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
NUCLEAR
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
'new build' Calder Hall 1956 Magnox 1960s AGR 1970s PWR 1995 we have no viable uranium resource – hence all nuclear power is 'imported'
2,000 7,000 12,000
Renewable import Renewable Renewable exports Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
RENEWABLE
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
in 2013 just over one-third of renewable energy was from 'waste' – and 10% liquid biofuels
mostly wind & biofuels recessions save more carbon emissions than renewable energy does
2,000 7,000 12,000
Coal import Petroleum import Natural gas import Nuclear import Electrical power import Renewable import Coal Petroleum Natural gas Renewable Coal export Petroleum export Natural gas export Renewable exports Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
PRIMARY ENERGY
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
Putting it all back together...
2,000 7,000 12,000
Coal import Petroleum import Natural gas import Nuclear import Electrical power import Renewable import Coal Petroleum Natural gas Renewable Coal export Petroleum export Natural gas export Renewable exports Total consumption (PJ)
post-colonial decline resource boom-bust cycle political realignment what next?
CYCLES
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
2,000 7,000 12,000
Coal import Petroleum import Natural gas import Nuclear import Electrical power import Renewable import Coal Petroleum Natural gas Renewable Coal export Petroleum export Natural gas export Renewable exports Unconventional gas Total consumption (PJ)
Indigenous production Commodity imports DECC statistics DECC projections
Total primary energy consumption
OFGEM shale gas estimates
SHALE GAS
Primary Energy Consumption, PJ/year
3,000 8,000
1930 1915 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 2014 2035
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 May-15
1,500,000 3,000,000 4,500,000 6,000,000 400 800 1,200 1,600
Utica Permian Niobrara Marcellus Haynesville Eagle Ford Bakken Rig count
Oil production, bld Rig count
~3 years ~3 years ~3 years ~3 years ~3 years ~3 years ~3 years
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
'As is' BP data
Bottom 10% Next 15% (11 states) Next 25% (8 states) Iran Canada China US Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Rolling 3 year av.
Oil production, mtoe
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2013
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
BP data less US/Canadian 'unconventional'
Bottom 10% Next 15% (11 states) Next 25% (8 states) Iran Canada China US Russian Federation Saudi Arabia New rolling 3 year av. Rolling 3 year av.
Oil production, mtoe
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2013
Tadmarton Heath, North Oxfordshire, December 2012
May 2013
To understand what “fracking” is about we have to look – beyond technology... beyond statistics... – at the political framework within which this evidence is considered.
HM Government
Katie Waring associate director GDF Suez membership/ funding funding Energy UK Fishburn Hedges PR/lobbyists PEDLs & fields PEDLs Francis Maude paymaster general co-founder/ board member Huntsworth public relations group board member Alex Morton adviser housing, planning & urban 2010-2013 Ed Davey special adviser 2012-13 Vince Cable former chief economist Chris Nicholson Paul Hodgson special adviser special adviser Centre Forum chief executive 2012-12 associate director 2006-13 Matthew Hancock ministerPolicy & PR Unconventional Oil & Gas
public affairs manager, 2007-13 Magellan Petroleum Newgate Communications Third Energy PEDLs & fields Simon Nayyar Conservative Party publicity/candidate Oliver Letwin cabinet secretary minister for government policy Porton Group Big Society Bank PPS Rathlin Energy PEDLs Connaught Oil & GasEnergy & Energy Services
John Browne chairman 2010-2015 Tamboran Resources Irish licence Alison Woodhouse senior team senior policy manager, -2013 Lynton CrosbyConsultancy & Finance Academia/ Research
E.On Nexen Maersk Oil NERC CDT Oil & Gas Schlumberger University of Birmingham Royal Holloway University of Exeter University of Nottingham Keele University University of Southampton University of Glasgow University of Dundee University of NewcastleUCG
KEY sustainable gas institute Cambridge/ Manchester institutes Heriot-Watt/ Oxford institutes Sarah Hogg Frontier Economics non-exec. chair KPMG European Investment Bank expert'The Frackogram' 2015
Version 1.3.1, Paul Mobbs/Mobbs' Environmental Investigations, March 2015 http://www.fraw.org.uk/mei/archive/fracktured_accountability/ Released under the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, Attribution, Share-alike Licence (2.0 UK) chairman Hanover Communications Bell Pottinger Vigo Communications senior partner energy & climate advisor, 2013- lead non-exec director, 2015- strategist Nick Clegg deputy PM Liberal Demo- cratic Party Jonny Oates chief of staff director of comm. Caroline Collett PRMarch 2015
...because sometimes a flowchart just isn't enough! Available to download as an A3, A2 or A1 poster from my web site.
Catherine Fall David Cameron
prime minister deputy-chiefCentrica
public affairs 2009-12 public affairs 2013BP Ian Cheshire
head enviro- nment 2005-7 lead non-exec director 2010-14 chief exec. 1998-07 managing partner 2007-Shell Chevron Total
HM Government
Katie Waring
associate directorGDF Suez Francis Maude
paymaster general co-founder/ board member board memberAlex Morton
adviser housing, planning & urban 2010-2013Ed Davey
special adviser 2012-13Vince Cable
former chief economistChris Nicholson Paul Hodgson
special adviser special adviser chief executive 2012-12 associate director 2006-13Matthew Hancock
ministerOffice for Unconventional Gas and Oil Amber Rudd Maria Allen
special adviserPolicy & PR nal
public affairs manager, 2007-13Oliver Letwin
cabinet secretary minister for government policyPPS
Energy & Energy Services
John Browne
chairman 2010-2015Alison Woodhouse
senior team senior policy manager, -2013Lynton Crosby Science Media Centre James Wild Michael Fallon
account director, 2009-12 former ministerLucy Neville-Rolfe
non-executive director under secretaryNation Grid EDF Nick Boles
former directorHenry Jackson Society PfDG Emily Dyer
researcher signatory grant fundingEd Vaizey
signatory/political council member under secretaryPenny Mordaunt
associateTown Planning Regulation (England) Eric Pickles
secretaryPlanning Policy Guidance
issues special adviser 2012-14PEDLs
former ministerEnvironmental Permits
issuesChris Smith Philip Dilley
former chairman former chairman chairmanCoal Authority UCG licences Elizabeth Truss
special adviserStephen de Souza
senior civil servant, 2000-13 R.E. divisionConservative Party CTF Partners/ Crosby Textor
2015 election campaignfossil fuels, tobacco & other corporate PR Susan Kramer
advisory board ministermoved infrastructure bill motion to allow any substance to be deposited underground
funding 'scientists' sustai gas i Cambridge/ Manchester institutes Heriot-W Ox instituSarah Hogg George Osborne Danny Alexander Priti Patel Julia Goldsworthy
special adviserMichael Holgate
advisory expert consultantInvesting in Britain’s future
(2013)'The Frackogram' 2015
Version 1.3.1, Paul Mobbs/Mobbs' Environmental Investigations, March 2015 http://www.fraw.org.uk/mei/archive/fracktured_accountability/ Released under the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, Attribution, Share-alike Licence (2.0 UK)
chairmanHanover Communications
senior partner energy & climate advisor, 2013- lead non-exec director, 2015- strategistNick Clegg
deputy PMLiberal Demo- cratic Party Jonny Oates
chief of staff director of comm.Exxon Environment Agency
ministerOUGO FOI Emails
secretaryJeremy Heywood
facilitating regulation/deregulationTony Grayling
attendeePR
associate director 1999-06 chief secretary to the treasury issued policy chancellor treasury board member exchequer secretary to the treasuryPaul Deighton
commercial secretary to the treasury 2012- head of climate change CEOStephen Green
minister for trade 2010-12James Sassoon
commercial secretary to the treasury 2010-12Spencer den Oil & Gas Recruitment
non-exec directorNeil O'Brien
special adviser director, 2008-12APPEA
australian shale gas lobbyistses K hane
ershipGuy Robinson Tara Singh
senior policy adviser MTullow Woodford BG Group
ICRfor er's jects
EU regional growth fund bid secretaryLow Carbon Contracts Co.
Atlantic Partnership APPG Unconventional Oil and Gas Edelman PEDLs Catherine Fall David Cameron
prime minister deputy-chiefDaniel Yergin
US secretary 'great & the good'macy in the USA, UK and EU former director fossil fuels consultancy
Ben Moxham Ce Hill & Knowlton Policy Exchange
energy & climate advisor 2010-13 public affairs 2009-12senior Conservatives
public affairs 2013Riverstone Ian Cheshire
head enviro- nment 2005-7Gas Works? 2012
vice president lead non-exec director 2010-14 chief exec. 1998-07 managing partner 2007- investorsShale Gas Europe Task Force on Shale Gas
secretariatFTI Consulting
secretariatEnergy in Depth IPAA
43 other exploration ventures
Hallib S Ch S T Do
fundingHM Government
Katie Waring
associate directorGDF
membership/ funding fundingEnergy UK Fishburn Hedges
PR/lobbyistsFrancis Maude
paymaster general co-founder/ board memberHuntsworth
public relations group
board memberAlex Morton
adviser housing, planning & urban 2010-2013Ed Davey
special adviser 2012-13Chris Nicholson Paul Hodgson
special adviser special adviserCentre Forum
chief executive 2012-12 associate director 2006-13 ministerOffice for Unconventional Gas and Oil Amber Rudd Maria Allen
special adviserBurson-Marsteller
Policy & PR
public affairs manager, 2007-13Newgate Communications Simon Nayyar
Conservative Party publicity/candidateOliver Letwin
cabinet secretary minister for government policyPorton Group Big Society Bank PPS Weber Shandwick John Browne
chairman 2010-2015Alison Woodhouse
senior team senior policy manager, -2013Lynton Crosby Science Media Centre James Wild
account director, 2009-12 former ministerPEDLs
former ministerCoal Authority UCG licences Stephen de Souza
senior civil servant, 2000-13 R.E. divisionConservative Party CTF Partners/ Crosby Textor
2015 election campaignfossil fuels, tobacco & other corporate PR
funding 'scientists'Danny Alexander Julia Goldsworthy
special adviserHanover Communications Bell Pottinger Vigo Communications
senior partner energy & climate advisor, 2013- lead non-exec director, 2015- strategistNick Clegg
deputy PMLiberal Demo- cratic Party Jonny Oates
chief of staff director of comm.Westbourne Communications Lexington Co
OUGO FOI Emails
secretaryJeremy Heywood
facilitating regulation/deregulationNeil O'Brien
special adviser director, 2008-12APPEA
australian shale gas lobbyistspsed CG nces Alkane Energy Tara Singh UCG Associ- ation
funding/ membersUK Onshore Operators Group
senior policy adviserCoal Mine Methane NW Energy Task Force Guardian Open Letter
funding PRCuadrilla
secretariatLow Carbon Contracts Co.
Atlantic Partnership PEDLs Catherine Fall David Cameron
prime minister deputy-chiefDaniel Yergin
US secretary 'great & the good'Ben Moxham Hill & Policy Exchange
energy & climate advisor 2010-13 public affairs 2009-12senior Conservatives
public affairs 2013Riverstone Ian Cheshire
head enviro- nment 2005-7Gas Works? 2012
vice president lead non-exec director 2010-14 chief exec. 1998-07 managing partner 2007- investors 43 other exploration venturesfinance/ management policy lobbying previous connections Relationships: Entities: people corporate policy group lobby/PR group political group publication
agencies/ regulators
HM Government
K
as dPEDLs & fields PEDLs Francis Maude
paymaster general co-founder/ board memberHuntsworth
public relations group
board memberAlex Morton
adviser housing, planning & urban 2010-2013Ed 3 Legs Resources Polish licences PEDLs Celtique Energy Polish licences
Unconventional Oil & Gas
Magellan Petroleum Newgate Communications Third Energy PEDLs & fields Simon Nayyar
Conservative Party publicity/candidateOliver Letwin
cabinet secretary minister for government policyPorton Group Big Society Bank Rathlin Energy PEDLs Connaught Oil & Gas
John Browne
chairman 2010-2015Tamboran Resources Irish licence Lynton Crosby
Five Quarter Energy Michae Egdon Resources
partnershipacademic academic/ research institute
secretaryconsultancy government
consultantsConservative Party CTF Partners/ Crosby Textor
2015 election campaignfossil fuels, tobacco & other corporate PR Susan Kramer
ministerUCG
George Osborne Danny Alexander Priti Patel Julia Goldsworthy
special adviser 97% ownedBuccleuch Group
CBM exploration CanonbieMark Oddy
chief commercialDermot Roddy
professorUCG licences Paul Younger
professorAlgy Cluff
CEO/G Frac Technologies Carboniferous Ltd Investing in Britain’s future
(2013)Vigo Commu
senior partner energy & climate advisor, 2013- lead non-exec director, 2015- strategistNick Clegg
deputy PMLiberal Demo- cratic Party Jonny Oates
chief of staff director of comm.Caroline Collett PR
& Finance
director director s partnership chief secretary to the treasury issued policy chancellor treasury board member exchequer secretary to the treasuryNeil O'Brien
special adviser director, 2008-12APPEA
australian shale gas lobbyistsClean Coal Syngas LLP BCG Energy UCG licences Europa Oil & Gas PEDLs & fields
partnershiplapsed UCG licences lapsed UK UCG licences inter- national UCG projects UCG Engineering Shale Energy plc PEDLs Coastal Oil & Gas UK Methane
partnershipAlkane Energy PEDLs PEDLs Reach CSG
partnershipHutton Energy PEDLs Energy Resources PEDL
chief technicalEnegi Oil plc Irish licence Tara Singh UCG Associ- ation
funding/ membersINEOS UK Onshore Operators Group Dart Energy
senior policy adviser director PR/mediaEuropean Commission Robert Hull
deputy sec. general European Economic & Social Committee, 2002-06regional growth fund bid for Five Quarter's UK UCG projects
Coal Mine Methane
EU regional growth directorCuadrilla IGas Energy
partnership partnershipCluff Natural Resources
Atlantic Partnership APPG Unconventional Oil and Gas Edelman PEDLs Catherine Fall David Cameron
prime minister deputy-chiefDaniel Yergin
US secretary 'great & the good'macy in the USA, UK and EU former director fossil fuels consultancy
Ben Moxham Ce Hill & Knowlton Policy Exchange
energy & climate advisor 2010-13 public affairs 2009-12senior Conservatives
public affairs 2013Riverstone Ian Cheshire
head enviro- nment 2005-7Gas Works? 2012
vice president lead non-exec director 2010-14 chief exec. 1998-07 managing partner 2007- investorsShale Gas Europe Task Force on Shale Gas
secretariatFTI Consulting
secretariatEnergy in Depth IPAA
43 other exploration ventures
Hallib S Ch S T Do
fundingHM Government
Katie Waring
associate directorGDF
membership/ funding fundingEnergy UK Fishburn Hedges
PR/lobbyistsFrancis Maude
paymaster general co-founder/ board memberHuntsworth
public relations group
board memberAlex Morton
adviser housing, planning & urban 2010-2013Ed Davey
special adviser 2012-13Chris Nicholson Paul Hodgson
special adviser special adviserCentre Forum
chief executive 2012-12 associate director 2006-13 ministerOffice for Unconventional Gas and Oil Amber Rudd Maria Allen
special adviserBurson-Marsteller
Policy & PR
public affairs manager, 2007-13Newgate Communications Simon Nayyar
Conservative Party publicity/candidateOliver Letwin
cabinet secretary minister for government policyPorton Group Big Society Bank PPS Weber Shandwick John Browne
chairman 2010-2015Alison Woodhouse
senior team senior policy manager, -2013Lynton Crosby Science Media Centre James Wild
account director, 2009-12 former ministerPEDLs
former ministerCoal Authority UCG licences Stephen de Souza
senior civil servant, 2000-13 R.E. divisionConservative Party CTF Partners/ Crosby Textor
2015 election campaignfossil fuels, tobacco & other corporate PR
funding 'scientists'Danny Alexander Julia Goldsworthy
special adviserHanover Communications Bell Pottinger Vigo Communications
senior partner energy & climate advisor, 2013- lead non-exec director, 2015- strategistNick Clegg
deputy PMLiberal Demo- cratic Party Jonny Oates
chief of staff director of comm.Westbourne Communications Lexington Co
OUGO FOI Emails
secretaryJeremy Heywood
facilitating regulation/deregulationNeil O'Brien
special adviser director, 2008-12APPEA
australian shale gas lobbyistspsed CG nces Alkane Energy Tara Singh UCG Associ- ation
funding/ membersUK Onshore Operators Group
senior policy adviserCoal Mine Methane NW Energy Task Force Guardian Open Letter
funding PRCuadrilla
secretariatLow Carbon Contracts Co.
Scottish Expert Panel Report
(2014)Zoe Shipton
formerEric Pickles
secretaryEnvironmental Permits
issuesChris Smith Philip Dilley
former chairman former chairman chairmanElizabeth Truss
special adviserAcademia/ Research
NERC CDT Oil & Gas
University of Birmingham Royal Holloway University of Exeter University of Nottingham Keele University University of Southampton University of Glasgow University of Dundee University of Newcastle
University of Oxford University of Strathclyde University of Cardiff ReFINE project
corporate partners core academic partners associate academic institutes advisory stakeholders funding academic partnersmoved infrastructure bill motion to allow any substance to be deposited underground
Sarah Hogg Frontier Economics
non-exec. chairCluff Geothermal Nigel Brandon
consultant professorUCG licences
non-exec. chairRA/RAE Shale Gas Report
(2012) working group expert panelErnest Rutter Michael Holgate
advisory expert consultantStuart Haszeldine Richard Devies Andrew Aplin
professor professorPeter Styles
professorMackay/Stone Shale & Climate Report
(2013)University of Hull University of Leeds Quentin Fisher
professorNick Riley Mike Stephenson Rob Ward Chris Green
petroleum geologistDavid Mackay Timothy Stone
author author directorGuardian 'Open 'Letter'
(2014)Imperial College
John Roberts
working group chairmanUCL Atlantic Triassic Research Project University of Durham University of Aberdeen University of Cambridge Fluvial Systems Research Environment Agency Lancashire Monitoring Project University of Liverpool Barton Willmore LLP RPS Group University of Bristol Loughborough University E A G Chris Masters Kenneth Sorbie Heriot-Watt University Robert Mair Richard Selley
BGSTony Grayling
attendeeIPPR
associate director 1999-06Paul Deighton
commercial secretary to the treasury 2012- head of climate change CEOJames Sassoon
commercial secretary to the treasury 2010-12Spencer Ogden Oil & Gas Recruitment
non-exec directorWardell Armstrong LLP
UCG studies
Guy Robinson
chairman professorBGS Natural Environment Research Council
University of Manchester
Research Ctr. University of Southampton University of Edinburgh
fundingShale Gas Hub
professor professor professor professor professor professorPeel Gas & Oil
secretary“ C
s u l t a t i
s , i m p a c t a s s e s s m e n t s , a u d i t s , r e v i e w s , s t a k e h
d e r m a n a g e m e n t . t h i s i s n
h
w e b e c a m e
e
t h e m
t p
e r f u l , p r
p e r
s n a t i
s
e a r t h . S
a m d e t e r m i n e d t
h a n g e t h i s . H e r e ’ s h
:
u tu i n g b a c k
j u d i c i a l r e v i e w s .
e d u c i n g g
e r n m e n t c
s u l t a t i
s .
t r e a m l i n i n g E u r
e a n l e g i s l a t i
.
t
p i n g t h e g
d
l a t i n g
l e g i s l a t i
a t h
e . Wh e n t h i s c
n t r y w a s a t w a r i n t h e 4 s , Wh i t e h a l l u n d e r w e n t a r e v
u t i
. N
m a l r u l e s w e r e c i r c u m v e n t e d . C
v e n t i
w a s t h r
n
t . We l l , t h i s c
n t r y i s i n t h e e c
i c e q u i v a l e n t
w a r t
a y
n d w e n e e d t h e s a m e s p i r i t . We n e e d t
g e t a b
t c r
s i n g e v e r y ‘ t ’ a n d d
i n g e v e r y ‘ i ’ a n d w e n e e d t
h r
e v e r y t h i n g w e ’ v e g
a t w i n n i n g i n t h i s g l
a l r a c e . ”
David Cameron's speech to the CBI – 19th November 2012
Milcombe, North Oxfordshire, December 2012
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