BECCS in integrated assessment models - road to the negative - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BECCS in integrated assessment models - road to the negative - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BECCS in integrated assessment models - road to the negative emissions based on Japanese experiences - Atsushi Kurosawa Atsushi Kurosawa The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE) The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE) Biomass Energy Biomass

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013 1

BECCS in integrated assessment models

  • road to the negative

emissions based on Japanese experiences -

Atsushi Kurosawa The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE) Atsushi Kurosawa The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE)

Biomass Energy CO2 capture and storage (CCS) BECCS in integrated assessment models Summaries Biomass Energy CO2 capture and storage (CCS) BECCS in integrated assessment models Summaries

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Acknowledgements

  • Ryo Moriyama (IAE) and Yoshitaka Murakami

(IAE) for BECCS technology portfolio survey.

  • Ryo Moriyama (IAE), Yuki Ishimoto (IAE),

Kazuhiro Tsuzuki (IAE), Masahiro Sugiyama (CRIEPI) and Kooiti Masuda (JAMSTEC) for modeling framework enhancement discussions.

  • Research activities were supported by the

Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Biomass resources in Japan

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http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/1209_03.html

  • Currently, paper (incl. black liquor) and livestock excrement are the

two major area of biomass resource used.

Source: Asia biomass web page, strategy for commercialization of biomass

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Targets of resource utilization rate in 2020

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http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/1209_03.html

  • Most of the biomass resource are already used (excluding timber
  • ffcuts from forests).

Source: Asia biomass web page, strategy for commercialization of biomass

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Primary Energy Supply of Japan (1)

5 10 15 20 25 2010 2011 2012 (EJ) Nuclear Energy Large-Scale Hydraulic New & Renewable Energy Natural Gas Oil Products Oil Coal Products Coal

Source: Energy balance table, ANRE/METI

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Primary Energy Supply of Japan (2)

5 10 15 20 25 2010 2011 2012 (EJ) Nuclear Energy Large-Scale Hydraulic New & Renewable Energy Natural Gas Oil Products Oil Coal Products Coal 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2011 (EJ) Waste Heat Refuse Geothermal Biomass Wind Power Solar

Source: Energy balance table, ANRE/METI

0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 2011 (EJ)

Biomass Thermal Use Biomass Power Generation

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Major Policy Milestones in Recent Years (1)

  • 2002 Biomass Nippon Strategy

– Sustainable society by fully utilizing biomass – Create 300 biomass towns to promote the sustainable utilization

  • 2005 Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan

– Promote widespread use of biofuels including fuel for transportation (500,000 kL by 2010) – Biomass towns and develop biomass energy conversion technologies

  • 2007 Next-generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiative (METI)

– An importance of the development of cellulosic biomass is mentioned for spreading biofuel and less using fossil fuel.

  • 2008 Biofuel Technology Innovation Plan (METI and MAFF)

– Cost target for cellulosic ethanol is 40 yen per liter in 2015

  • 2009 Basic Act for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization

– Draw up the ‘national plan for the promotion of biomass utilization – Set up the ‘national biomass policy council’

Source: MAFF and METI

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Major Policy Milestones in Recent Years (2)

  • 2010 Basin Energy Plan

– Introduce renewable energy in 10% of primary energy supply by 2020 – Increase biofuel at a volume equivalent to 3% cut of gasoline demand by 2020

  • 2010 Act on Sophistication of Energy Supply Structures

– An obligation to use a certain amount of biofuel is imposed on oil refineries. – The development of next-generation biofuel technology, whose GHG emission reduction is more than 50% compared to fossil fuel, shall be promoted and introduced in the oil refining industry. – Biofuel target 500,000kL (oil equivalent) by 2017, achievable by imported fuel

  • 2010 National plan for promotion of biomass utilization

– Set the targets for 2020 – Set the basic policies on the development of technologies for effective biomass utilization

Source: MAFF and METI

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013 9

Strategy for the Commercialization of Biomass (2012)

Source: Asia biomass web page

  • Collaboration of seven ministries

Cabinet Office, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

  • Currently, Japan’s resources of biomass is 255.5 million tons (when converted to

carbon, 34.44 million tons of carbon), with its reuse rate for all of its biomass being 74.8%. The objectives listed in the Basic Plan for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization by the year 2020 are: – Use biomass equivalent to approximately 26 million tons of carbon (raise the reuse rate to 88.5%) – Create new industries – Formulate plans to promote the utilization of biomass in 600 municipalities

  • If these objectives were to be achieved then 13 billion kWh of power generation

from biomass and energy from 11.8 million kL of fuel usage (crude oil equivalent) could be obtained, which would constitute a reduction in the amount of CO2 emitted of 40.7 million tons (3.2% of the amount of CO2 emitted by Japan).

  • Research collaborations are going on with foreign countries, especially in Asia
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Feed-in tariff

Source: MAFF and METI

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METI : Biofuels Technology Development Schedule

・Improve the efficiency of cellulosic ethanol production and reduce the production cost ・Introduce and promote next-generation bio-fuels that do not compete with food supplies FY2015 FY2010

FY2005

FY2013 FY2020

More than 3% of gasoline used in Japan will be replaced by biofuel in2030 (Basic Energy Plan, 2010)

Projects to develop next-generation biofuels, such as those obtained from algae and BTL(Biomass To Liquid) （FY2010-FY2016） Projects to develop integrated production systems for non- edible plant-derived bioethanol （FY2009-FY2013） Projects to develop base technology for non-edible plant-derived bioethanol （FY2007-FY2012）

B : Bioethanol Fundamental R&D C : Bioethanol & System A : Next generation biofuel R&D

Projects to be facilitated into next stage, such as scale- up test and demonstration Those projects plan to continue for developing integrated production systems in scale up demonstration plant while addressing major technical barrier.

Source: METI

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 Develop next-generation technology using biomass , which does not affect food supplies, micro algae in particular.  Identify algae, which have a good potential use in producing oil and develop technology for improving the productivity and oil content of those algae.  Development of technology to optimize systems for culturing algae, extracting oil.  Render the entire process economical Overview and objectives Overview and objectives

Projects to develop next-generation biofuels

Example of projects Example of projects

Botryococcus braunii Concentration Solvent extraction Source: METI

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

The projects aim to indentify and cultivate seeds for a wide range of medium – to long‐term technologies, including biomass resource engineering, thermo and biochemical conversion and utilization technologies.

  • 1. Bench scale plant for bio‐ethanol production
  • 2. Saccharification and fermentation technology development

Overview and objectives Overview and objectives

Projects to develop base technology for non- edible plant -derived bio-ethanol

Example of projects Example of projects

Saccharification and fermentation Saccharification Pretreatment

Source: METI

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 A comprehensive system, which includes processes for cultivating cellulosic biomass resources, for producing non‐edible derived bioethanol has been developed by means of innovative technologies.  Scale‐up and commercialization of integrated ethanol production system. Overview and objectives Overview and objectives

Project to develop integrated production system for non-edible plant-derived bio-ethanol

Example of projects Example of projects Erianthus Eucalyptus

Pilot plant (example)

Woody Biomass, 1ton/day(max.) Ethanol 250-300 L/day

Source: METI

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

CO2 capture and storage (CCS)

  • Japan has 25 years of CCS related R&D activities which

include both technological and non-technological ones for the whole CCS chain. IAE involved in Japanese CCS R&D from initial stage and advised energy and environment R&D portfolio including CCS to the government.

  • Capture projects in Japan: Small scale demonstration in

the power plants (NGCC, IGCC) and industries (iron&steel)

  • Storage projects in Japan: Deep saline formations

(onshore-completed, offshore), ECBM (completed)

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Osaki Coolgen (under construction)

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http://www.osaki-coolgen.jp/english/index.html Coal IGCC, 166,000kWe, slip stream

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Tomakomai CO2 Storage Project

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http://www.japanccs.com/en/business/demonstration/

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Extended Reach Drilling / Tomakomai

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http://www.japanccs.com/en/ business/demonstration/

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

19 A d a p t a t i

  • n

G e

  • e

n g i n e e r i n g M i t i g a t i

  • n

Integrated Assessment Model GRAPE - Proposed Modified Framework -

Energy (+CDR) Climate +SRM&CDR Climate Impacts +Adaptation Landuse Macroeconomy CO2,CH4,N2O (Fossil Fuel) Energy Cost Energy Demand Biomass Energy A t m

  • s

p h e r i c T e m p e r a t u r e Landuse and Agriculture Cost CO2 (Landuse change) CH4(Livestock, Paddy) N2O(Fertilizer) CH4, N2O,F-gases, Impact cost Geoengineering Cost Adaptation cost Climate impact mitigation countermeasure 15 global regions 1-D simple climate model

  • carbon and

energy balance

  • GHGs, Aerosols
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Bioenergy conversion process and potential CO2 capture rate

Category Conversion Process Product Potential CO2 capture rate included in the feedstock Thermochemical conversion Power generation Electricity High Combustion Heat High Gasification Liquid fuel Moderate Pyrolysis Liquid fuel Moderate Direct liquefaction Chemical product Moderate Biochemical conversion Fermentation Methane, Ethanol, Hydrogen Moderate (methane and ethanol) / High (hydrogen)

Kurosawa, Moriyama and Murakami (2013)

Category Conversion Process Product Potential CO2 capture rate included in the feedstock Thermochemical conversion Power generation Electricity High Combustion Heat High Gasification Liquid fuel Moderate Pyrolysis Liquid fuel Moderate Direct liquefaction Chemical product Moderate Biochemical conversion Fermentation Methane, Ethanol, Hydrogen Moderate (methane and ethanol) / High (hydrogen)

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BECCS in power generation

  • EMF27 / 550e, full technology portfolio
  • Other BECCS technology options (e.g. biofuel for transport) will

be included.

50 100 150 200 250 300 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 (EJ)

Wind Solar Hydro Nuclear Biomass|w/o CCS Biomass|w/ CCS Gas|w/o CCS Gas|w/ CCS Oil|w/o CCS Oil|w/ CCS Coal|w/o CCS Coal|w/ CCS

Global power generation

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ICA-RUS International Workshop 2013 & Sustainable Negative Emissions Workshop, December 6 , 2013

Summaries

  • Japanese industries have technology basis for bioenergy

utilization and CCS.

  • Scale-up demonstrations for both bioenergy and CCS

technologies in Japan.

  • There is no integrated BECCS demonstration project in
  • Japan. We need to build a bridge between two

technologies.

  • Cost reduction and policy support of bioenergy and CCS

to assist the road to BECCS.

  • BECCS should be assessed in the broad conversion

technology portfolio.

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Thank you for kind attention. kurosawa@iae.or.jp