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Automatic Trigger Generation for Rule-based Smart Homes ACM SIGPLAN PLAS, Vienna, Austria 10-24-2016 Chandrakana Nandi, Michael D. Ernst UW Seattle, USA 2 3 Common architecture OR 4 How to control your home? 5 How to control your home?

  1. Automatic Trigger Generation for Rule-based Smart Homes ACM SIGPLAN PLAS, Vienna, Austria 10-24-2016 Chandrakana Nandi, Michael D. Ernst UW Seattle, USA

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. Common architecture OR 4

  5. How to control your home? 5

  6. How to control your home? Automation rules: when I come home then turn lights on 6

  7. How to control your home? Automation rules are easy and useful Ur+ CHI 2014, 2016 Ur+ HUPS 2014 Dey+ Pervasive 2006 7

  8. How to control your home? Writing correct automation rules is hard Huang+ Ubicomp 2015 8

  9. How to control your home? rule “start laundry” when Item laundry _ machine changed mental model actual rule then if (laundry_machine == FULL) { sendCommand(laundry _ machine, “ON”) } end Writing correct automation rules is hard Huang+ Ubicomp 2015 9

  10. Effects of wrong rules ● Likely unexpected behavior ● Security vulnerabilities 10

  11. Overview ● Background on automation rules ● Problem statement ● Solution ● Algorithm and tool development ● Experiments 11

  12. Overview ● Background on automation rules ● Problem statement ● Solution ● Algorithm and tool development ● Experiments 12

  13. Rule Example rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed or Item State_Sleeping changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 13

  14. Rule Example rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed or Item State_Sleeping changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 14

  15. Rule Example rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed trigger block or Item State_Sleeping changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 15

  16. Rule Example rule "Away rule" when trigger item Item State_Away changed trigger block or Item State_Sleeping changed then trigger item if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 16

  17. Rule Example rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed or Item State_Sleeping changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { action block postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 17

  18. State_Away = ON rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed or Item State_Sleeping changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } State_Sleeping = ON end 18

  19. Overview ● Background on automation rules ● Problem statement ● Solution ● Algorithm and tool development ● Experiments 19

  20. Possible mistakes in rules 20

  21. Wrong trigger block rule "Away rule" when Item State_Roomheater changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 21

  22. Wrong trigger block rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 22

  23. Wrong trigger block rule "Away rule" when Item trigger_1 changed Item trigger_2 changed Item trigger_n changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 23

  24. Conflicts rule “rule 2” rule “rule 1” when when Item past_midnight changed Item owner_entering_home changed then then if (past_midnight == true) { if (owner_entering_home == true) { sendCommand (hall_light, “OFF”) sendCommand (hall_light, “ON”) } } end end (owner_entering_home == true && past_midnight == true) 24

  25. ● Wrong trigger blocks ● Conflicts 25

  26. ● Wrong trigger blocks ● Conflicts 26

  27. Why is it bad? 27

  28. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end !(State_Away = ON && State_Sleeping = ON) 28

  29. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 29

  30. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 30

  31. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 31

  32. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 32

  33. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 33

  34. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 34

  35. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 35

  36. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 36

  37. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 37

  38. Both states can be set to true! 38

  39. rule "Visitor notification system rule" when Item State_Sleeping changed then if (State_Sleeping.state == ON) { postUpdate (Notification_System , OFF) } else { postUpdate (Notification_System , ON) } end 39

  40. Example Attack rule "Away rule" rule "Visitor notification system rule" when when Item State_Away changed Item State_Sleeping changed then then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (Notification_System , OFF) postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } else { } postUpdate (Notification_System , ON) } } end end Wrongly deactivates notification system 40

  41. Overview ● Background on automation rules ● Problem statement ● Solution ● Algorithm and tool development ● Experiments 41

  42. Solution rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 42

  43. Solution rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed or Item State_Sleeping changed // Fix then if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 43

  44. Overview ● Background on automation rules ● Problem statement ● Solution ● Algorithm and tool development ● Experiments 44

  45. TrigGen: automatically infer triggers from actions using static analysis Idea: live items must be triggers 45

  46. Idea: live items must be triggers Items that are read from before being written to, at the beginning of the action block 46

  47. rule "Away rule" when Item State_Away changed then State_Notify = ON if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 47

  48. ● Identify all items in the rule "Away rule" when action block AST Item State_Away changed then ○ potential triggers State_Notify = ON if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 48

  49. ● Identify all items in the rule "Away rule" when action block AST Item State_Away changed then ○ potential triggers State_Notify = ON if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) } } end 49

  50. ● Identify all items in the rule "Away rule" when action block AST Item State_Away changed then ○ potential triggers State_Notify = ON if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) ● eliminate those that are } } not live end ○ redundant triggers ■ State_Notify 50

  51. ● Identify all items in the rule "Away rule" when action block AST Item State_Away changed then ○ potential triggers State_Notify = ON if (State_Away.state == ON) { if (State_Sleeping.state != OFF) { postUpdate (State_Sleeping, OFF) ● eliminate those that are } } not live end ○ redundant triggers ■ State_Notify ● State_Away, State_Sleeping: live 51

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