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Attempting to Predict the Unexpected Dr Ken Amor Our Perception of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Attempting to Predict the Unexpected Dr Ken Amor Our Perception of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Department of Earth Sciences Geohazards: Attempting to Predict the Unexpected Dr Ken Amor Our Perception of Time and Risk Two views of the Geological time scale Faults and Earthquakes Earthquakes occur at fault-planes (fractures in the
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Faults and Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur at fault-planes (fractures
in the Earth's crust)
Crustal movement causes stress in rocks
which deform elastically (rate of cm/yr)
Earthquakes occur when internal strength
- f the rock is exceeded releasing enormous
energy (elastic rebound theory)
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Rocks deform elastically
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Rocks deform elastically
Lulworth Cove, Dorset An example of rocks behaving elastically under stress
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Real Time Earthquake Map
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/
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Historical Data – Japanese Cultural context
The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai
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Historical Data – Tsunami stone
“Do not build your homes below this point!” Japanese tsunami stones, dating back to the 15th Century.
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Mapping crustal movements with INSAR
Radar satellites transmit electromagnetic waves illuminating an area of the Earth's surface. They record the amplitude and phase of the waves that bounce back.
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Mapping Crustal deformation
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British Earthquakes
http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html?mode=earthquakes
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British Earthquakes
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Vesuvius and Pompeii AD 79
Eruption of Vesuvius by William Turner
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Vesuvius 1944 Eruption
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Vesuvius and Naples - 2013
Mt Vesuvius today – Nasa earth observatory
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Mapping volcanoes with INSAR
Small surface displacements (uplift
- f around 9 cm) of the
Longonot Volcano, Kenyan Rift Valley. The Suswa volcano in the background shows no such uplift at this time
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Chelyabinsk Meteor
Dawn 15th Feb 2013 a 17m diameter asteroid enters the atmosphere
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Tunguska – 30th June 1908
Estimated diameter 50 – 100m 700 square miles of forest devastated
Exploded 8km above surface
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Amazon Rainforest – 13th August 1930
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Peru Sept 2009
An ordinary chondrite survived the passage through the atmosphere. Estimated diameter 2m
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Frequency of meteorite strikes
A once in 100 year event
- r
a once in 20 year event?
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Asteroid map
A crowded solar system!
Armagh observatory
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Asteroid detection
Spotting the needle in the haystack
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Citizen Science Projects
http://www.asteroidzoo.org/
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CO2 and the carbon cycle – Climate Change, its complicated
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Climate Change observations
Source IPCC website
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Climate projections
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Palaeo-climate change
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7 billion and me!
Source BBC website
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Annual Global Energy Budget
1 exajoule = 1018 Joules Annual global energy use = 452 exajoules Predicted to rise to 600 exajoules by 2050 UK energy use ~ 8 exajoules
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Climate Change Documentary
http://thiniceclimate.org/
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Contact
enquiries @
earth.ox.ac.uk
www.earth.ox.ac.uk SCIENCE OPEN
DAYS
Wed 2nd and Thurs 3rd July 2014 Fri 19th Sept 2014
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Admissions requirements
EARTH SCIENCES
A2 Maths required for entry
any year, PLUS EITHER Physics OR Chemistry for entry 2013 onwards
Recommended A levels:
Physics , Chemistry, Maths, Biology, Further Maths.
A2 Geology NOT required. Typical offer A*AA or AAAA
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