ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING A c c r e d i t e d T e x a s E n e r g y - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING

A c c r e d i t e d T e x a s E n e r g y M a n a g e r

Lighting Terms

❯Lumen (l) – Quantity of light emitted from a lamp ❯Footcandle (fc) – Measurement of light reaching a surface ❯Efficacy

• Electrical “efficiency” of a light source
• Lumens output per watts input (lpw)

❯Color rendering index (CRI) – Ability of a lamp to depict colors

accurately

❯Color temperature – Coolness or warmness of a light source (K) ❯Ballast factor (BF) – Actual lamp lumens vs. lumens from standard

reference ballast

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Lamp Types

❯Incandescent

• Very low efficacies
• Inexpensive
• Easily dimmable
• Types

› A, R, & PAR lamps › Hydrogen

❯Fluorescent

• Linear & compact
• Good efficacies
• Long lamp life
• Special dimming ballast

❯High intensity discharge

• High light output
• Long lamp life
• Mercury vapor
• Metal halide

› Good efficacy › Whiter light

• High pressure sodium

› High efficacy › Yellow tinted light › Poor color rendering

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Color Temperatures of Light

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Lamp Efficacies Comparison

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White LED

Types of Metal Halide Lamps

❯Standard ❯Super

• Position dedicated
• Improved performance
• ver standard

❯Ceramic

• Higher CRI
• Less lumen depreciation

❯Pulse start

• Higher light output
• Better lumen maintenance
• More energy efficient
• Whiter light
• Faster re-strike times
• Longer life
• Cannot be used with standard

ballasts

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Fluorescent Lamps

❯32-watt T-8

• Standard, super
• 4’ length
• Most common

❯30- & 28-watt T-8

• “Supersaver”, “Watt Miser”
• 4’ length
• Lower energy usage
• Reduced light output

❯T-5

• Metric lengths
• Will not retrofit in T8 fixtures
• Potential glare problems
• Good for indirect
• Standard
• High output (54 w)

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Fluorescent Lamps

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

T-8 Energy Saving Lamps

❯25-, 28-, & 30-watt ❯Higher lumens per watt ❯Energy savings ❯Lower lumen output

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Fluorescent Lamps & Fixtures

T-8 T-5 HO T-8 & T-5

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Fluorescent Lamp Descriptions

F32T8/841/XP FwwTdd/color/shape/energy/other

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F – fluorescent ww – nominal lamp wattage T – tubular shape dd – lamp diameter, 1/8’s SP – std. CRI SPX – high CRI 7, 8 – CRI range 30, 35, 41 – lamp color U – U-lamp SS – Supersaver WM – Wattmiser XP – Extended performance

Systems Energy Comparison – 4-Lamp Fluorescent

Type Watts (typ.) Electromagnetic (w/ 40-watt lamps) 192 Hybrid “energy saving” (w/ 34-watt lamps) 144 Electronic – Program start & normal BF F32T8 111 F30T8 103 F28T8 95

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Fluorescent Ballast Types

❯Magnetic – obsolete

• Core & coil assembly transformer
• Inefficient
• 60 hz
• Potential flicker & hum issues

❯Hybrid – obsolete

• Magnetic w/ some electronic

components

• Some increase in efficiency
• 60 hz
• Potential flicker & hum issues

❯Electronic

• High frequencies > 20,000 hz
• No flicker or hum issues
• Most efficient

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Electronic Ballast Types

❯Rapid start

• Low voltage preheats cathodes
• Lamp strikes when cathodes hot
• Slight starting delay
• Longer lamp life
• Becoming obsolete

❯Instant start

• No preheating
• No starting delay
• High voltage starts lamp
• Most energy efficient
• Decreased lamp life

❯Program start

• Cathodes heat applied prior to lamp

ignition

• Heat removed after ignition
• Slight starting delay
• Longer lamp life
• Use w/ occupancy sensors

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T-8 Ballasts: 4-Lamp Comparison Example

❯32-watt lamps

• Normal ballast factor

› BF = 0.88 › Power = 108 watts › Output = 10,200 limens

• High ballast factor

› BF = 1.15 › Power = 144 watts › Output – 13,300 limens

• Low ballast factor

› BF = 0.78 › Power = 95 watts › Output – 9,360 lumens ❯28-watt lamps

• Normal ballast factor

› BF = 0.88 › Power = 95 watts › Output = 9,590 limens

• High ballast factor

› BF = 1.15 › Power = 127 watts › Output – 12,535 limens

• Low ballast factor

› BF = 0.78 › Power = 84 watts › Output – 8,500 lumens

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Harmonic Distortion

❯Multiples of fundamental frequency

(60 Hz)

❯Can cause problems with other

electrical equipment

❯Specify ballasts with low total

harmonic distortion (THD)

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LED Lighting

❯Semi conductors that can emit light ❯Multiple LEDs grouped to produce higher light levels ❯Require driver (analogous to ballast) ❯Characteristics

• Long life expectancy
• Low energy consumption
• Vibration resistant
• Dimmable

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LED Lighting

❯Current status

• Efficacies increasing
• Actual efficacies lower than laboratory
• Higher initial cost than other sources

❯Available fixtures

• Downlights
• Undercabinet
• Troffers
• Task lighting
• Floodlights
• Parking lot lights

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Lighting

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Fixtures

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LED Controls

❯Switches ❯Occupant sensors ❯Dimmers ❯Timeclocks ❯Photocells / photosensors ❯Centralized lighting control systems

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Controls Functions

❯Off/on

• Switches
• Motion sensors
• Timeclocks
• Photocells

❯Dimming

• Controls
• Dimming ballasts
• Photosensors

❯Programmed – centralized lighting control systems

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Occupant Sensors

❯Passive infrared

• Sense body heat
• Unobstructed spaces

❯Ultrasonic

• Sense body motion
• Spaces w/ obstructions

❯Dual mode – combination ❯Vacancy sensors

• Manual on
• Auto off

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Centralized Lighting Control Systems

❯Programmable “brain” ❯Relays ❯Peripheral devices

• Occupancy sensors
• Photocells
• Programmable switches

❯Schedules

• Sweeps
• Events
• Weekends / holidays

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Lighting Controls Comparisons

❯Occupancy sensors ❯Lighting control system with

bi-level switching

❯Lighting control system

• ccupancy sensors (separate

areas)

❯Lighting control system with

• ccupancy sensors

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Relative Cost Potential Savings $ 25% $$ 15% $$$ 15%+ $$$$ 25%+

IECC 2015 – Allowable Interior Lighting Power

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Building Type 2012 2015

Courthouse 1.2 1.01 Hospital 1.2 1.05 Office 0.9 0.82 School / University 1.2 0.87 Town Hall 1.1 0.89

IECC 2015 – Other Lighting Requirements

❯Room lighting controls

• Vacancy sensors, or
• Max. 50% initial light output

❯Controls in daylight zones

• Windows & skylights
• Independent of other space lighting
• Daylight responsive

› Photosensor › Dimming ballast

❯Maximum allowable exterior lighting power

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Ashley Williams, MCRP & ATEM

❯ Texas Energy Managers Association ❯ Director of Curriculum and Certification ❯ awilliams@texasema.org

questions

e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m : f u n d a m e n t a l s a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

Texas Energy Managers Association

❯ www.texasema.org