ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING A c c r e d i t e d T e x a s E n e r g y - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING A c c r e d i t e d T e x a s E n e r g y M a n a g e r

Lighting Terms ❯ Lumen (l) – Quantity of light emitted from a lamp ❯ Footcandle (fc) – Measurement of light reaching a surface ❯ Efficacy - Electrical “efficiency” of a light source - Lumens output per watts input (lpw) ❯ Color rendering index (CRI) – Ability of a lamp to depict colors accurately ❯ Color temperature – Coolness or warmness of a light source (K) ❯ Ballast factor (BF) – Actual lamp lumens vs. lumens from standard reference ballast A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Lamp Types ❯ Incandescent ❯ High intensity discharge - Very low efficacies - High light output - Inexpensive - Long lamp life - Easily dimmable - Mercury vapor - Types - Metal halide › A, R, & PAR lamps › Hydrogen › Good efficacy ❯ Fluorescent › Whiter light - Linear & compact -High pressure sodium - Good efficacies › High efficacy - Long lamp life › Yellow tinted light - Special dimming ballast › Poor color rendering A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Color Temperatures of Light A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Lamp Efficacies Comparison White LED A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Types of Metal Halide Lamps ❯ Standard ❯ Pulse start ❯ Super -Higher light output -Better lumen maintenance -Position dedicated -More energy efficient -Improved performance -Whiter light over standard -Faster re-strike times ❯ Ceramic -Longer life -Higher CRI -Cannot be used with standard -Less lumen depreciation ballasts A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Fluorescent Lamps ❯ 32-watt T-8 ❯ T-5 -Standard, super -Metric lengths - 4’ length -Will not retrofit in T8 fixtures -Most common -Potential glare problems ❯ 30- & 28-watt T-8 -Good for indirect -Standard - “Supersaver”, “Watt Miser” -High output (54 w) - 4’ length -Lower energy usage -Reduced light output A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Fluorescent Lamps A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

T-8 Energy Saving Lamps ❯ 25-, 28-, & 30-watt ❯ Higher lumens per watt ❯ Energy savings ❯ Lower lumen output A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Fluorescent Lamps & Fixtures T-8 T-5 HO T-8 & T-5 A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Fluorescent Lamp Descriptions F32T8/841/XP F ww T dd/color/shape/energy/other F – fluorescent U – U-lamp SS – Supersaver ww – nominal lamp wattage WM – Wattmiser T – tubular shape XP – Extended SP – std. CRI dd – lamp diameter, 1/8’s performance SPX – high CRI 7, 8 – CRI range 30, 35, 41 – lamp color A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Systems Energy Comparison – 4-Lamp Fluorescent Type Watts (typ.) Electromagnetic (w/ 40-watt lamps) 192 Hybrid “energy saving” (w/ 34 -watt lamps) 144 Electronic – Program start & normal BF F32T8 111 F30T8 103 F28T8 95 A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Fluorescent Ballast Types ❯ Electronic ❯ Magnetic – obsolete - Core & coil assembly transformer - High frequencies > 20,000 hz - Inefficient - No flicker or hum issues - 60 hz - Most efficient - Potential flicker & hum issues ❯ Hybrid – obsolete - Magnetic w/ some electronic components - Some increase in efficiency - 60 hz - Potential flicker & hum issues A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Electronic Ballast Types ❯ Rapid start ❯ Program start - Low voltage preheats cathodes - Cathodes heat applied prior to lamp - Lamp strikes when cathodes hot ignition - Slight starting delay - Heat removed after ignition - Longer lamp life - Slight starting delay - Becoming obsolete - Longer lamp life ❯ Instant start - Use w/ occupancy sensors - No preheating - No starting delay - High voltage starts lamp - Most energy efficient - Decreased lamp life A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

T-8 Ballasts: 4-Lamp Comparison Example ❯ 32-watt lamps ❯ 28-watt lamps - Normal ballast factor - Normal ballast factor › BF = 0.88 › BF = 0.88 › Power = 108 watts › Power = 95 watts › Output = 10,200 limens › Output = 9,590 limens - High ballast factor - High ballast factor › BF = 1.15 › BF = 1.15 › Power = 144 watts › Power = 127 watts › Output – 13,300 limens › Output – 12,535 limens - Low ballast factor - Low ballast factor › BF = 0.78 › BF = 0.78 › Power = 95 watts › Power = 84 watts › Output – 9,360 lumens › Output – 8,500 lumens A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Harmonic Distortion ❯ Multiples of fundamental frequency (60 Hz) ❯ Can cause problems with other electrical equipment ❯ Specify ballasts with low total harmonic distortion (THD) A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Lighting ❯ Semi conductors that can emit light ❯ Multiple LEDs grouped to produce higher light levels ❯ Require driver (analogous to ballast) ❯ Characteristics - Long life expectancy - Low energy consumption - Vibration resistant - Dimmable A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Lighting ❯ Current status - Efficacies increasing - Actual efficacies lower than laboratory - Higher initial cost than other sources ❯ Available fixtures - Downlights - Undercabinet - Troffers - Task lighting - Floodlights - Parking lot lights A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Lighting A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Fixtures A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

LED Controls ❯ Switches ❯ Occupant sensors ❯ Dimmers ❯ Timeclocks ❯ Photocells / photosensors ❯ Centralized lighting control systems A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Controls Functions ❯ Off/on -Switches -Motion sensors -Timeclocks -Photocells ❯ Dimming -Controls -Dimming ballasts -Photosensors ❯ Programmed – centralized lighting control systems A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Occupant Sensors ❯ Passive infrared -Sense body heat -Unobstructed spaces ❯ Ultrasonic -Sense body motion -Spaces w/ obstructions ❯ Dual mode – combination ❯ Vacancy sensors -Manual on -Auto off A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Centralized Lighting Control Systems ❯ Programmable “brain” ❯ Relays ❯ Peripheral devices -Occupancy sensors -Photocells -Programmable switches ❯ Schedules -Sweeps -Events -Weekends / holidays A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Lighting Controls Comparisons Relative Cost Potential Savings $ 25% ❯ Occupancy sensors $$ 15% ❯ Lighting control system with bi-level switching $$$ 15%+ ❯ Lighting control system occupancy sensors (separate areas) $$$$ 25%+ ❯ Lighting control system with occupancy sensors A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

IECC 2015 – Allowable Interior Lighting Power Building Type 2012 2015 Courthouse 1.2 1.01 Hospital 1.2 1.05 Office 0.9 0.82 School / University 1.2 0.87 Town Hall 1.1 0.89 A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

IECC 2015 – Other Lighting Requirements ❯ Room lighting controls -Vacancy sensors, or -Max. 50% initial light output ❯ Controls in daylight zones -Windows & skylights -Independent of other space lighting -Daylight responsive › Photosensor › Dimming ballast ❯ Maximum allowable exterior lighting power A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

questions Ashley Williams, MCRP & ATEM ❯ Texas Energy Managers Association ❯ Director of Curriculum and Certification ❯ awilliams@texasema.org Texas Energy Managers Association ❯ www.texasema.org e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m : f u n d a m e n t a l s a n d d e v e l o p m e n t