ATEM MODULE 1 A c c r e d i t e d T e x a s E n e r g y M a n a g - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ATEM MODULE 1

A c c r e d i t e d T e x a s E n e r g y M a n a g e r

Elements of an Effective Energy Management Program

Why Should You Begin One? How Do You Begin One?

Why do you need an Energy Management Program?

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Why do you need an Energy Management Program?

A c c re d i t e d Tex a s E n e rg y M a n a ge r

Data from Texas Schools

Climate Areas 4 & 5

❯ 1500 to 2500 Cooling Degree Days (CDD)

Average kWh/Student:

❯ 2,613

Range:

❯ 1,778 to 4,210

Average $/Student:

❯ $194.57

Range:

❯ $132.45 to $313.63

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Texas Data

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If the districts with above average energy cost/student could simply become “average”:

❯ Cost savings per district would be ~38%

Data from Texas Schools

There are more than 1,000 school districts (public K – 12) in Texas

❯ Annual Utility Cost: > $1,000,000,000

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What If:

❯School districts with less than average

$/student did not change a thing, but…

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❯School districts with greater than average

$/student decided to shoot for average…

❯SAVINGS POTENTIAL WOULD BE:

$380,000,000 / year

Results from a recent correlational study places Maintenance and Operations as the prime cost saving opportunity in public facilities around the country.

*Stanford University, UCLA, Cornell University, and Rocky Mountain Institute

❯Predicted savings potential range:

• 50 – 60% of potential savings in existing buildings available through M&O

improvements

• Up to 80% of potential savings in buildings less than 5-years old through M&O

improvements

Recent University Studies:

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Is the cost of energy high enough now to entice your administration to divert some

• f their attention towards a solution?

If so, what is the best solution?

The Million $$ Question:

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Energy Management…

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❯The Best Solution ❯The ONLY Solution

Top Level Priority

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❯Energy Management must be viewed as a

top-level Administrative priority.

❯The new Energy Manager’s first duty is to

• btain commitment from the Top.

❯If you don’t have it, get it…QUICKLY!

Today’s Energy Manager…

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❯Doesn’t sit in the Boiler Room, turning

valves and admiring boiler flame color

❯Today, there are controls that do that, they

are cheaper than you, and probably more effective!

Today’s Energy Manager…

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❯Doesn’t sit in front of a computer all day

changing schedules and revising temperature set points.

❯Today, there are user-friendly programs

abound that make this task much too easy for someone with an Energy Manager’s pay scale!

The well-rounded EM must be:

❯ Technically-capable ❯ Skilled in basic analytical and business math concepts ❯ A team player ❯ Energetic and persistent ❯ A good communicator

Energy Manager Qualifications:

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Energy Manager Responsibilities:

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Create Energy Plan and Policy Chair Energy Committee Generate/Update/ Implement a Master Plan Create Program for Individual Facilities Produce and/or Supervise Annual Audits Help Create Preventive Maintenance Program Help Balance Efficiency and Safety Help Create Efficient Construction Institute and Oversee Commissioning Prepare Both Annual and Projected Budgets Serve as Utility Negotiations Coordinator Establish Energy Efficiency Rewards Find Technical and Financial Resources Create Evaluation and Reporting Procedures Standardize Savings and Verification Procedure Inform and Discuss - Communicate

How to Develop An Energy Management Program

❯Step 1: Create a viable Energy Policy ❯Step 2: Form and chair an effective Energy Committee ❯Step 3: Generate and implement a Plan

• Create an overall plan and an individual plan for each facility
• Generate a Master Plan
• Provide annual Energy Audits of facilities
• Assist in improvements to Maintenance & Operations
• Assist in construction efficiency improvements

Steps to Create an EM Program:

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❯Step 4: Prepare a Budget

• Hire an Energy Manager
• Negotiate with utility providers
• Budget reward programs
• Research funding and technical resources

❯Step 5: Evaluate the Plan

• Establish a savings verification procedure
• Generate reports

Steps to Create an EM Program:

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❯Ongoing: Evaluation and Communication

• Evaluate program continuously
• Communicate at every level

Steps to Create an EM Program:

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• 1. Create a Viable

Energy Policy

Nothing happens without an Energy Policy

Energy Policy

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POLICY

REAL AUTHORITY EFFECTIVE PROGRAM

❯Rising utility and maintenance costs are a concern ❯A trained employee is needed to management energy-related issues ❯The Administration is authorizing the Energy Manager position ❯Certain energy management goals will be obtained ❯A plan will be prepared and implemented ❯Incentive and reward ideas will be considered

What the Energy Policy States:

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❯Sample Energy Policy Guideline ❯Sample Energy Policy

Refer to Course Materials for:

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• 2. Form an Effective Energy

Committee

The job is bigger than you alone

Energy Committee

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❯Don’t go it alone; ask for help ❯Recruit staff and executive leadership who

make things happen

• High level leadership is the key to success
• Look for “activists” who will promote the

goals

❯Meet quarterly ❯Avoid lecturing; seek advice ❯Inform committee regularly of energy

savings

• 3. Create and

Implement a Plan

This is your core activity

Creating a Plan

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❯1. Create an organization-wide plan ❯2. Create a plan for each facility ❯3. Develop a Master Plan

Typically…

❯Equipment replacement projects occur as a

result of EQUIPMENT failure

❯Emergency equipment replacement projects

• ccur as a result of PLANNING failure

Master Plan

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Master Plan

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❯HAVE A MASTER PLAN! ❯It really is that IMPORTANT!

The primary purpose of Energy Master Planning (EMP) is to prepare a concise, well-thought-out plan for the systematic replacement of the facility’s primary energy consuming equipment!

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Annual Energy Audits

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❯Knowing what you have and the condition

it is in is essential to saving energy:

• Inventory equipment
• Develop records of problem areas
• Record changes in building use
• Refine list of needed projects

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❯Most savings come from Maintenance and Operations opportunities: ❯Questions to Ask:

• 1. Can I remove it completely?
• 2. Can I turn it off?
• 3. Can I slow it down or reduce it?
• 4. Can I improve the efficiency?
• 5. Is it working? (sensors and actuators)

❯Possibly the most under-rated aspect of any energy management

program

❯Where proper Preventive Maintenance (PM) exists, the lowest energy

costs/sf are normally discovered

❯With a PM program, maintenance costs more than Administrators

wanted to spend that year, but LESS than they expected to spend the decade.

Preventive Maintenance:

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❯In Life-Cycle Costing O & M is still the LEADER!

Savings

Operations and Maintenance Design and Construction Acquisition, Renewal, and Disposal

60 – 85% 5 – 35% 5 – 10%

❯The building condition with the most influence on student learning is

air conditioning.

• UCLA’s Institute for Democracy, Education and Access; “School Facility Conditions”

❯People are most productive in a room temperature range of 72–77ºF

ASHRAE Transactions 111(2):680-686

❯Texas Dept. of Health Voluntary IAQ Guidelines recommend classroom

temperature between:

Summer: 72–76ºF Winter: 70–76ºF

❯Students in a room 72ºF scored 14% better than those in a 61ºF room,

and 18% better than those in a room at 81ºF

Council of Educational Facility Planners International; “Room Temperature and Its Impact On Student Test Scores.”

❯What are your room set point temperature?

Recent Studies on Operation:

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❯The Energy Manager has the unique responsibility to define efficient,

cost-effective operations in light of safe, effective operations

• Refrigerants: type and location of compressors
• IAQ: humidity level and positive building pressure
• Plenum Return Air: fibrous insulation and cleanliness

The Balance of Safety and Efficiency:

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An Energy Manager must know Indoor Air Quality IAQ: “The Personal Factor”

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HVAC Contaminants

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❯VOCs from building materials ❯Man-made mineral fibers ❯Biological from coils, insulation and

filters

❯Legionnaire’s disease from cooling

towers

❯Laboratory or boiler exhaust ❯Keep buildings at slightly positive

pressure

Office Contaminants

e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m : f u n d a m e n t a l s a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

❯Carbonless copy paper ❯Copy machines ❯Printers ❯Video display terminals ❯Floor covering (carpet and vinyl

problems)

❯Building Codes ❯International Energy Conservation Code ❯ASHRAE 90.1 [Energy Efficiency[ ❯ASHRAE 62 [Indoor Air Quality] ❯ASHRAE 55 [Comfort Standards] ❯Green Design: LEED, CHPS, Sustainable

The Energy Manager Must Learn Construction

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❯Energy Managers must be allowed full participation on Design

Committees, giving input on issues such as:

• System type and efficiency level
• Building Orientation
• Fenestration quantity and U-value
• Energy control systems and control points
• Equipment sequence of operation
• Metering
• Sensor types and locations
• Passive design features (daylighting, etc.)

The Energy Manager Must Teach Construction

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❯Establish and communication efficiency goals ❯Help develop construction criteria ❯Investigate rebate/incentive opportunities ❯Help select Test and Balance firm ❯Help select Architect ❯Help select MEP Engineer ❯Prioritize options using efficiency as guideline ❯Pursue option for commissioning

Pre-Design / Construction Tasks

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Design Phase Tasks

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❯Attend coordination meetings ❯Work with Architect and Engineer ❯Review all plans and specifications ❯Make efficiency improvement

recommendations

Construction Phase Tasks

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❯Review submittals ❯Make frequent site surveys and

inspections

❯Attend construction meetings ❯Evaluate proposed revisions for impact

• n operating efficiency

❯Attend final inspection and witness

functional testing of ALL systems

❯Communicate system operation to occupants

• How it will work
• How it will be operated
• The impact of abuse
• Report on success
• Life-Cycle Costs

Post Construction Tasks

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❯Sustainable building design presumes that the efficiencies designed

are actually implemented and correctly installed…

• Are they?

❯Sustainable building design presumes that initial efficiencies can be

maintained…

• Can they?

Commissioning

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From the US Dept. of Energy’s Continuous Commissioning Guidebook

Definition of Commissioning

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❯Commissioning is the systematic and

qualitative process of ensuring that building systems and subcomponents are designed, installed, tested, and operated at

• ptimum efficiency.

❯It is NOT the normal “industry

standard” inspections, punch lists and processing close out documents.

❯Commissioning uses a system of

checks and balances from pre- design phase through project completion and (sometimes) beyond.

❯Building commissioning has become

the preferred method of ensuring that building systems are installed and operated to perform as intended.

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❯Re- or Retro- Commissioning: ❯Making it work -

• Efficiently
• Effectively
• Productively

Retro-Commissioning Summary 21 Schools 5 Districts

Sometimes you need to spend money to save money

• 4. Prepare a Budget

❯Within the last 10 years, utilities have become the second largest

expense for Texas public facilities

❯Accurately predicting that expense reflects the professionalism of the

entire Energy Department

❯Forced budget transfers from other expense categories creates

disgruntled board members and administrators!

Preparing a Budget

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❯This is not a part-time job ❯It is not a position for those on their way out ❯It cannot be relegated to the Jr. High coach or maintenance technician,

as an additional task to somehow cram into his schedule

❯In many areas of the country, energy costs have risen by 23% over the

past 36-months!

❯NEEDED: A professional

Energy Manager

Obviously…

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STOP!

Public Facilities can barely make budget! How are they going to add a professional Energy Manager to the payroll?

❯Postings for Energy Managers in the State of Texas, on 02/17/2010:

• Very large facility -
• Avg. Salary Range: $69,306
• Large facility -
• Avg. Salary Range: $66,369
• Medium facility1 -
• Avg. Salary Range: $79,961

1 This was a school district that had already saved over $7 million in the last 5-years, though

energy efficient projects

So how is the Energy Manage position or department to be funded?

The Energy Manager

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❯The Energy Manager salary can be justified by

assigning values to the various tasks previously discussed. Let’s review…

Funding the Energy Manager’s Salary

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❯Average Cost of Electricity ❯Typical Electric Rate Used for Schools:

• Clients consuming > 15,000 kWh
• Peak Demand from 50 – 1,000 kW

❯Typical Breakdown:

• T&D Charges = 40% of the Bill
• REP Charges = 60% of the Bill

The Amount You Save:

Consumption $/kWh = $0.08/kWh Demand $/kW = $8.50/kW

❯Assumptions and Rates: $0.08/kWh; $8.50/kW; $9/mcf ❯Approximate Utility Bill Total: $120,000 per year, per facility

Funding the Energy Manager’s Salary

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❯Savings obtained through Energy Manager role:

• $15,500 per year, per facility

❯Most public entities, with 5 – 6 facilities, would break even

Funding the Energy Manager’s Salary

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Places to Save

• Approx. Savings

General Rule HVAC Operation $6,000 1 hr/day less runtime 1 Billing Error/yr $500 Yes, it happens Ancillary Equip. On/Off $1,800 Examples: booster heater; kilns; electric DHW; ceiling fans; under-desk heater; gym lights; RR exhaust fans (at night) HVAC Temp setpoint $3,600 1ºF = 1.5% savings DHW time/temp set $1,440 7kW at 120ºF and off after 1:00 pm Exterior Lighting $500 Operable photocell 3 Vending Machines $660 Occupancy sensors Occupant Program $1,000 Occupant involvement

❯Deregulation of electric utilities in the State of Texas has allowed a

large majority of Texas public entities to negotiate their $/kWh

❯Example: In 2009, Houston ISD negotiated electric rates, producing a

$5M/year utility cost savings…about a 10% decrease in their utility budget!

Utility Negotiations

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Technical and Financial Resources

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❯How much are you making on your current market investments?

Check it Out:

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5 Year Payback = 20% ROI 7 Year Payback = 15% ROI 10 Year Payback = 10% ROI

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❯The typical return on investment for energy efficient projects: ❯HVAC Renovation

= 5 – 7 years

❯Lighting and Controls

= 3 – 5 years

❯Retro-Commissioning

= 1 Year

❯Operations Changes

= 6 Months

❯Maintenance & Operations:

• Low-Cost Money

Technical and Financial Resources

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Technical and Financial Resources

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❯Energy Managers view Bond

Committees as the place to get funds for several years in the future

❯Volunteer to sit on every Bond

Committee, to offer the energy perspective

❯The success of the Energy

Management Department, five years from now, is more dependent upon the Bond Committee’s decisions, than on the Energy Committee’s dedication

Critical to success

• 5. Evaluate the Plan

❯Learn the energy-using patterns for each of your facilities ❯Tabulate the data ❯Investigate obvious problem areas ❯Work with Administrators and key personnel to set specific goals for

specific facilities, operations and processes.

❯NEVER GENERALIZE!

Evaluation Steps

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❯Summarize and report utility cost and consumption savings obtained

from installed energy efficiency projects

❯How?

• Analyze utility consumption and cost, both before and after project installation
• Select the most appropriate verification procedure
• Report savings on a monthly and annual basis
• Compare variations in kWh, kW, Mcf, and total cost in light of non-controllable

factors (e.g. weather, rates, etc)

Savings Verification & Reporting

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The only way to keep improving

Ongoing: Evaluation & Communication

❯Work with the Maintenance Director and Facilities Engineer to discover

where the energy goes:

• What is consuming your energy?
• When is it consumed?
• How much is being used?

❯Work your Preventive Maintenance plan

• Which items need to be replaced?
• How soon? In what order of priority?
• At what cost?

❯Methods of Assessment

• Annual facility surveys
• Commissioning / Re-commissioning / Retro-commissioning

Continuous Assessment

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Regular communication at all levels is necessary to create the best possible energy program

❯Visible: It must be seen

• If people don’t see it, it isn’t important

❯Relevant: It must meet a need

• Support comes from those who know the WHY

❯Responsive: It must support, not hinder

• The work with you when you work with them

Continuous Communication

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❯Negotiated rates with utility providers ❯Needed budgets for the EM department and for efficiency-related

installations

❯Plan to balance energy needs with safety issues ❯Project funding sources discovered ❯Reports from the Energy Committee

What Do I Communicate

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Interact with Construction, Maintenance, Custodial, Finance, Staff, Administration…

There is a cost in order to succeed… Money will have to be spent, to change:

❯Attitudes

• “I’ll run this equipment the way I want, after you are gone!”

❯Knowledge

• “I’m no computer nerd! Don’t expect me to be able to run that controller!”

❯Equipment

• “We just keep on buying the low-bid stuff, and I keep spending my life

working on it!”

Communicate This:

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❯Build a team

• If you’re a loner, you best find another job!

❯Distribute frequent memos and articles

• Be creative…Just get the message out!

❯Promote specific events

• Example: Energy Awareness Day

❯Obtain Administrative public commitment

• “If we can save $______, we will reward $_____.”

Publicize and Reward

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Elements of an Effective Energy Management Program

Why Should You Begin One?

You can save lots of money by saving your district’s energy, resulting in more money available for other purposes

How Do You Begin One?

Follow the six steps given in this course…GO DO IT!

Ashley Williams, MCRP & ATEM

❯ Texas Energy Managers Association ❯ Director of Curriculum and Certification ❯ awilliams@texasema.org

questions

e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m : f u n d a m e n t a l s a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

Texas Energy Managers Association

❯ www.texasema.org