Assoc. Prof. Carolina P. Naveira Co2a Laboratory of Nano and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Experimental-TheoreHcal Analysis of Biodiesel Synthesis in Micro-reactors with Inverse Problem SoluHon for Parameter EsHmaHon Assoc. Prof. Carolina P. Naveira Co2a Laboratory of Nano and Microfluidcs and Micro-Systems – LabMEMS Mechanical Engineering Program – PEM/COPPE Engineering of Nanotecnology Program – PENT/COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ

Fields/Areas: • Heat & Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow in Micro and Nano Scale • ConHnuum Mechanics and Complex Fluids

Fields/Areas: • Heat & Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow in Micro and Nano Scale • ConHnuum Mechanics and Complex Fluids Micro- Experim. Systems Analysis FabricaHon Inverse Foward Analysis Analysis

Fields/Areas: • Heat & Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow in Micro and Nano Scale • ConHnuum Mechanics and Complex Fluids μ-PIV : ParHcle Image Velocimetry μ-LIF : Laser Induced Fluorencense Non-Intrusive Micro- Infrared Thermography Experim. Measurements Systems Analysis FabricaHon Inverse Foward Analysis Analysis

Fields/Areas: • Heat & Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow in Micro and Nano Scale • ConHnuum Mechanics and Complex Fluids Micro- Experim. Systems Analysis FabricaHon Inverse Forward Bayesian Inference Hybrid Methods Analysis Analysis (analiHcal -numerical ) Integral Transforms (GITT) computaHonally intensive! Fast, accurate and robust!

Nanocomposites and EOR – Enhanced Oil Recovery Nanofluids Human on a chip (cell toxicology) Micro reactors Cell culture Micro-Heat Exchangers Cell separaHon Micro-Heat Spreaders Cell encapsulaHon Micro-Sensors Bio-prinHng Micro-Models of Porous Media Micro-Models of Porous Media

Nanocomposites and EOR – Enhanced Oil Recovery Nanofluids Human on a chip (cell toxicology) Micro reactors Combining Cell culture Micro-Heat Exchangers Cell separaHon Micro-Heat Spreaders Cell encapsulaHon Micro-Sensors Bio-prinHng Micro-Models of Porous Media Micro-Models of Porous Media

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production Intensification with Heat Recovery from High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells (HCPV) - Rejected heat can be used for other purposes (desalination, heating, cooling, biodiesel production, etc) ; 8

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production Intensification with Heat Recovery from High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells (HCPV) - Rejected heat can be used for other purposes (desalination, heating, cooling, biodiesel production, etc) ; 9

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production Intensification with Heat Recovery from High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells (HCPV) - Rejected heat can be used for other purposes (desalination, heating, cooling, biodiesel production, etc) ; HCPV system High Concentration: 800 suns Power Generation: 1.5kVA 10

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production Intensification with Heat Recovery from High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells (HCPV) - Rejected heat can be used for other purposes (desalination, heating, cooling, biodiesel production, etc) ; HCPV system OpHmized High Concentration: 800 suns Micro Heat Exchanger Power Generation: 1.5kVA For the HCPV cooling system 11

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production Intensification with Heat Recovery from High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells (HCPV) - Rejected heat can be used for other purposes (desalination, heating, cooling, biodiesel production, etc) ; OpHmized Integrated micro-heat exchanger and Micro Heat Exchanger micro reactor; For the HCPV cooling system 12

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production Intensification with Heat Recovery from High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells (HCPV) SIGNIFICANT POTENTIALS… - Portable biodiesel production; - Short residence time; - Continuous mode; OpHmized Integrated micro-heat exchanger and Micro Heat Exchanger micro reactor; For the HCPV cooling system 13

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Take advantage of the high Which results in lower Micro reactor surface area-volume ratio energy consumptiom To achieve improved mass and Time scales heat transfer rates reduction Fig. : Advantages of microreactors in reactional systems. 14

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Take advantage of the high Which results in lower Micro reactor surface area-volume ratio energy consumptiom To achieve improved mass and Time scales heat transfer rates reduction Fig. : Advantages of microreactors in reactional systems. Fig. Single micro reactor; Fig. Module of micro reactors Fig. Complete manifold of micro 15 reactors 15

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø Design of optimized micro-reactor Theoretical Analysis Experimental Analysis Alcohol + catalyst Vegetable oil biodiesel ⎯⎯ → k Triglyceride(TG) + Alcohol(A) 1 Diglyceride(DG) + Biodiesel(B) ←⎯ ⎯ k 2 ⎯⎯ → k Diglyceride(DG) + Alcohol(A) 3 Monoglyceride(MG) + Biodiesel(B) ←⎯ ⎯ k 4 ⎯⎯ → k Monoglyceride(MG) + Alcohol(A) 5 Gly cerol(GL) + Biodiesel(B) ←⎯ ⎯ k 6

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø Design of optimized micro-reactor Theoretical Analysis Experimental Analysis Inverse Analysis Kinetic constants estimation k 1 , k 2 , k 3 , k 4 , k 5 , k 6 ⎯⎯ → k Triglyceride(TG) + Alcohol(A) 1 Diglyceride(DG) + Biodiesel(B) ←⎯ ⎯ k 2 ⎯⎯ → k Diglyceride(DG) + Alcohol(A) 3 Monoglyceride(MG) + Biodiesel(B) ←⎯ ⎯ k 4 ⎯⎯ → k Monoglyceride(MG) + Alcohol(A) 5 Gly cerol(GL) + Biodiesel(B) ←⎯ ⎯ k 6

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø Design of optimized micro-reactor Theoretical Analysis Experimental Analysis Metal – Glass micro reactor Micro-fabrication glass Oil Interface Alcohol Fig.: Exp. observation of stratified flow pattern formed by the alcohol and the vegetable oil. 18

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø MODELLING Theoretical Analysis Experimental Analysis fully developed stratified laminar flow Mathematical modelling Steady state diffusive-advective mass transfer equations with nonlinear chemical reaction terms Residence time Reaction temperature Parametric analysis Cross section 19

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø FLOW PROBLEM: FORMULATION AND SOLUTION ⎧ ⎛ ⎞ 1 + µ TG ⎡ ⎤ Velocity profiles ∞ ⎪ ⎟ - sinh Hi π ⎛ ⎞ ⎟ + sinh i π y ⎛ ⎞ ∑ ! u A ( y , z ) = Ψ vel , i ( z ) S 5 i ⎥ + ⎨ ⎢ ⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ µ A ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ for stratified flow: ⎝ ⎠ W W ⎪ ⎣ ⎦ ⎩ i = 1 ( ) i π ( ) ⎡ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎟ + sinh i π 2 H TG - y + 1- µ TG ⎛ ⎞ H - 2 H TG ⎢ ⎟ + ⎟ sinh ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ µ A H ⎝ ⎠ W W ⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ( ) ( ) H A ⎫ Alcohol phase ⎤ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ Fase álccol - sinh i π H - H TG - y ⎟ - sinh i π H + H TG - y + 2 sinh i π ( H - y ) ⎛ ⎞ ⎪ ⎥ ⎬ ⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ W W W ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥ ⎪ ⎦ ⎭ Triglyceride H TG Fase y z Triglicerídeo phase W L x 20

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø MASS TRANSFER MODELLING Dimensionless reaction-convection-diffusion : 3D Model: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⎛ ⎞ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 2 2 2 F X Y Z , , F X Y Z , , F X Y Z , , F X Y Z , , = ξ γ + + δ + ς s s s s U ( , Y Z ) ⎜ ⎟ G TG ∂ s ∂ ∂ ∂ s 2 2 2 X X Y Z ⎝ ⎠ Table: Dimensionless kinetic relations for the species in the transesterification reaction. Species Re action termsG s Fs − + TG k F F k F F 1 TG A 2 DG B ( ) ( ) − − − + + + A k F k F k F F k F k F k F F 1 TG 3 DG 5 MG A 2 DG 4 MG 6 GL B ( ) ( ) − + − + DG k F k F F k F k F F 1 TG 3 DG A 2 DG 4 MG B ( ) ( ) − + − + MG k F k F F k F k F F 3 DG 5 MG A 4 MG 6 GL B − GL k F F k F F 5 MG A 6 GL B ( ) ( ) + + + − − − B k F k F k F F k F k F k F F 1 TG 3 DG 5 MG A 2 DG 4 MG 6 GL B 21

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Ø MASS TRANSFER MODELLING - Solved thougth GITT (Generalized Integral Transform Tecnique) Hybrid numerical-analytical solution with automatic error control STEPS in the Generalized Integral Transform Technique ( G.I.T.T.) 1 - Choose the associated eigenvalue problem. 2 - Develop the integral transform pair. 3 - Integral transform the original PDE. 4 - Numerically (or analytically) solve the resulting coupled ODE system for the transformed potentials. 5 - Recall the analytical inversion formula to reconstruct the desired potential. 22

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Theoretical Analysis Experimental Analysis Metal – Glass micro reactor Micro-fabrication multiple Metal – Metal micro reactor + micro heat exchanger 23

R&D Challenges : Biodiesel Production in micro reactors Theoretical Analysis Experimental Analysis Metal – Glass micro reactor Micro-fabrication multiple Metal – Metal micro reactor + micro heat exchanger Features of the Device: - Composed of 10 micro reactors - Composed of 11 micro-heat exchanger - Total Dimensions 2,5cm x 4cm x 1.27cm. - Microchannels with square section 400µmX400µm 3D printed (FSL) - Total Length of the microchannel of the reactor of 43.26 cm. 24