Assessment of Alternative Refrigerants A UNEP-UNIDO -2015 (WS6-Th-1) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Walid Chakroun Professor, Kuwait University Consultant, PRAHA Project Assessment of Alternative Refrigerants A UNEP-UNIDO -2015 (WS6-Th-1) Technical Forum Research Projects for Alternative Refrigerants in High Ambient Countries Dubai, UAE
Walid Chakroun
Professor, Kuwait University Consultant, PRAHA Project
A UNEP-UNIDO -2015 (WS6-Th-1)
Technical Forum Research Projects for Alternative Refrigerants in High Ambient Countries Dubai, UAE -31October 2015
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Refrigerant Selection Testing Methodology and Verification Testing Results
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Key Questions Affected the Scope of PRAHA
Key Questions Affected the Scope of PRAHA
What do we mean by high-ambient? What do we mean by low GWP? What do we mean by low-GWP? How to manage the project openly and without comprising commercial
confidentiality amongst partners?
Challenges
A/C industries have concerns of meeting the freeze and
reduction targets set by the Montreal Protocol.
Current commercially available technologies not only
f l ffi i l hi h bi di i b l perform less efficiently at high ambient conditions but also possess high-GWP characteristics.
This project is designed to answer some of the challenges
related to the availability of long term low GWP alternative related to the availability of long-term low-GWP alternative refrigerants
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B li R f i t Cl ifi ti 1 GWP 2 Base line Refrigerant Classification 1 GWP 2 R 22 R-444B (L-20) A2L 295 R 290 A3 11 R-22 R-290 A3 11 DR-3 A2L 148 HFC-32 A2L 675 R-410A HFC 32 A2L 675 R-447A (L-41) A2L 583
1 R f i ’ l ifi i ASHRAE S d d 34 (ASHRAE 2013)
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60 Hz 50 Hz Prototypes Prototypes Refrigerant Window A/C Decorative Split Ducted Split Package A/C R-32 Red Green Green Red L-20 Green Green Green Green DR-3 Green Green Green Green L-41 Red Green Red Red R-290 Green Green Red Red Base Units R-22 Green Green Green Green
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R-410A Red Green Green Red
Building Prototypes (Discussed Earlier with the OEM’s Tech Providers)
An open invitation for all regional OEM’s companies for participation. 7 different companies agreed to participate. The conditions in the selection were: 1 W k l
l ith th t h l id bl d i
baseline units.
5 Prototypes will be tested at an independent testing facility; company
representatives or the technology providers, will not be allowed to witness the testing and no rerun or adjustment on the design can take place after the test has been concluded has been concluded.
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Building Prototypes
Prototypes designed and optimized specifically for the alternative refrigerant.
Building Prototypes
In addition R-22 and R-410A units were also shipped for testing as base units
so each refrigerant can be compared to their respective base R-22 or R- 410A 410A.
The prototype and its base are manufactured by the same company to make
p yp y p y sure that the data can be compared with high degree of confidence and the difference in the results are due to the refrigerants behavior and not to the design used by the company. design used by the company.
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Testing Prototypes
4 different A/C categories will be tested:
4 different A/C categories will be tested:
Window (Rated Capacity=18000 Btu/hr, electrical frequency= 60 Hz) Decorative split (Rated Capacity=24000 Btu/hr, electrical frequency= 60 Hz) Ducted Split (Rated Capacity=36,000 Btu/hr, electrical frequency= 50 Hz) Packaged A/C (Rated Capacity=90,000 Btu/hr, electrical frequency= 50 Hz)
Packaged A/C (Rated Capacity 90,000 Btu/hr, electrical frequency 50 Hz)
Lower capacity prototypes operate at 208-230 volts, single phase and at 380-420
l f h h f h h volts for three phases for higher categories
All units possess typical dimension and weight as per their rated cooling capacity.
All units possess typical dimension and weight as per their rated cooling capacity.
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Saudi Arabia, which is the biggest high ambient market,
The rest of the Gulf is 50 Hz Window units are used mostly in Saudi Arabia (60 Hz) Ducted splits and packaged units are used in Kuwait
Decorative splits used everywhere Decorative splits used everywhere
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Building Prototypes
Window 220/60/1 Decorative split 220/60/1 Ducted split 380/50/3 Packaged unit 380/50/3 Number of prototypes Tests per prototype Total tests R‐290 1 1 NA NA 2 3 6 R‐32 NA 2 2 NA 4 3 12 HFO 1 2 2 1 2 7 3 21 HFO 2 2 1 1 1 5 3 15 R‐22 3 2 1 2 8 3 24 HFC base NA 2 2 NA 4 3 12 HFC base NA 2 2 NA 4 3 12 Total 30 90
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Technical Requirements of the Testing Facility
Independent Lab and not belong to any air-conditioning or manufacturing
Independent Lab and not belong to any air conditioning or manufacturing company.
All instruments used in determining the performance of the units are All instruments used in determining the performance of the units are
calibrated to a high degree of accuracy. Cooling Capacity +/- 2.5%, EER (kW/ton) +/- 3%
The lab/testing facility should hold global recognition and accreditations and
have agreements with internationally recognized professional i tit ti / i ti institutions/organizations.
The lab/testing facility should be able to handle prototype with flammable
f i I k h b h i L b refrigerants.---Intertek was chosen to be the testing Lab.
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The results of the performance test include:
Indoor Air Flow Rate Measured Gross Cooling Capacity Evaporator Outlet Air Temperature Measured Sensible Cooling Capacity Condenser Outlet Air Temperature Total Sensible Heat Ratio Suction Temperature Total Power Suction Temperature Total Power Discharge Temperature Evaporator Motor Fan Power Liquid Temperature Condenser Motor Fan Power Discharge Pressure Compressor Power Suction Pressure Power Factor Efficiency kW/Ton or EER
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Testing Conditions
Wi d T
Window Type Indoor Tdb/Twb Outdoor Tdb/Twb T1 Tdb=27oC, Twb=19oC Tdb=35oC, Twb=24oC T3 Tdb=29oC, Twb=19oC Tdb=46oC, Twb=24oC T3+ Tdb=29oC, Twb=19oC Tdb=50oC, Twb=24oC Endurance Tdb=32oC, Twb=23oC Tdb=52oC, Twb=24oC Running continuously for 2 hrs
db
,
wb db
,
wb
g y All Other Types T1 Tdb=27 C, Twb=19oC Tdb=35oC, Twb not controlled T3 Tdb=29 C, Twb=19oC Tdb=46oC, Twb not controlled T3+ Tdb=29 C, Twb=19oC Tdb=50oC, Twb not controlled
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Endurance Tdb=32 C, Twb=23oC Tdb=52oC, Twb not controlled Running continuously for 2 hrs
Verification of the Results
A repeatability test was performed on R-410 A unit where the same
unit was run twice under similar conditions at two different timings unit was run twice under similar conditions at two different timings.
The results are repeatable to high degree of. The repeatability test was
p g g p y performed at 35°C, 46°C, and 50°C for all the parameters of interest.
The tests reveal excellent results where all the measured variables are
within the accuracy specified earlier.
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120%
T=35oC
110% 90% 100% t of R-22 R-22 80% 90% lative to that R-410 70% EER rel 50% 60%
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50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110% 120% Cooling capacity relative to that of R-22
120%
T=46oC
110% 90% 100% t of R-22 R-22 80% 90% lative to that R-410 70% EER rel 50% 60%
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50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110% 120% Cooling capacity relative to that of R-22
120%
T=50oC
110% 90% 100% t of R-22 R-22 80% 90% ative to that R-410 70% EER rel 50% 60%
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50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 110% 120% Cooling capacity relative to that of R-22
Difficulty in signing MOU’s-Information Sharing Matrix Took longer than expected Limited interaction at the design stage Room for further optimization Logistical issues
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I f ti Sh i M t i Information Sharing Matrix
Output Tech Provider OEM Manufacturer NOU ‐ Country Other Stakeholders Provider Manufacturer Country Stakeholders
Complete test result/prototype Yes* Yes* No No Refrigerant Refrigerant parameters Yes Yes Yes No Comparison of results Yes Yes Yes Yes
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* Test results will only be provided after the final report has been issued.
Finalize remaining tests – approx. 80% of total (Mid-
December 2015);
Drafting final report; Stakeholder consultations (manufacturer and tech providers); Final technical review team meeting; early Januaray Publish final report beginning 2016 Present final findings at ASHRAE Winter Meeting (Orlando,
Jan 2016).
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