Update on Next Generation Low GWP Refrigerants for Chillers - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Update on Next Generation Low GWP Refrigerants for Chillers Products Steve Kujak

Director, Next Generation Refrigerant Research The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology

JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan

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Stephen “Steve” Kujak is the director of Next Generation Refrigerants Research for Ingersoll Rand. Over the past 26 years, he has led and been involved in numerous technology and product development projects involving development of new refrigerants, lubricants and compatibility of system materials. Steve has been an author or co-author on 30+ publications related to refrigerants and has 10 patents related to HVAC products. Steve is a distinguish service member of ASHRAE and is involved in numerous refrigerant safety (Standard 34) and use standards used globally by the HVACR

• industry. He was awarded the ASHRAE Crosby Field award for highest rated

presentation of a technical paper in 2016 and was also awarded the George Briley Refrigeration Committee award for best ASHRAE journal article on refrigeration in

• 2017. He is also involved with AHRI and is participating in the Alternate Refrigerant

Evaluation Program (AREP) and the ARTI Flammability Research Subcommittee. He has a BS in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse and a master’s degree in chemistry from the University of North Dakota.

Biography

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• 2016 NGR Conclusions
• 2018 NGR Status

– Low Pressure R123 and R245fa Alternatives – Medium Pressure R134a Alternatives – High Pressure R410A Alternatives

• Conclusions

Outline/Agenda

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2016 Kobe Symposium Conclusions

• Singular refrigerants, such as R123, R134a, R410A, which can singly meet

the climate demands (low gwp) and public demands for safe (non- flammable) may not be available for all applications.

• Exception – Low pressure chillers – number of non-flammables available

(R1233zd(E) and R514A)

• Approx. 600 GWP non-flammable limit for medium pressure alternatives that are

R134a design compatible (R513A)

• No high pressure, low GWP, non-flammable alternatives available
• Many potential interim R410A alternatives possible
• Limited chiller products being introduced until safety standards allow flammable

refrigerants

• R410A alternatives that offer “design compatibility” with increased efficiency are

being proposed (R452B)

• Many possibilities for optimization of GWP, flammability, capacity and glide.

Much Has Changed in 2 Years Global Adoption of Ultra Low GWP (<10 GWP) Chiller Refrigerants Ongoing Without Direct Regulatory Pressure New Refrigerant Innovation Continues – More Nonflammable Choices

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Tool Box for Low GWP NGR’s Expands

R32 R152a R1234yf R1234ze(E) R1123 R13I CO2 Ammonia

GWP

Moderate HFCs

(GWP > 150 to 1,000)

Low HFCs, HFOs and Naturals

GWP ≤ 150)

Non-fluorinated (Naturals)

R1233zd(E) R1336mzz(Z) R1130 (E) R1224yd(Z) R1132a Hydrocarbons Water

Global Warming

(Kyoto Protocol)

Global Wa Warmi rming

HFC’s and HFO’s

R245fa

GWP

R143a

GWP GWP GWP

High HFCs

(GWP > 1,000)

R134a R125 R227ea

GWP ODP Ozone Depletion

Potential Acute Toxicity Cost

Concerns

Global Warming Potential

GWP

Slightly Flammability 2L Flammable Efficiency Chemically Stable

ODP ODP ODP ODP

R1336mzz(E)

New Refrigerant Chemistry's to Consider Drives Many More Proposed Blends to Optimize Properties

New NGRs

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Low Pressure NGR Alternatives for Chillers

The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology

JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan

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Low Pressure Chillers Alternatives

R123 and R245fa Replacements R1233zd(E), R514A and R1224yd(Z) – Good Choices Nonflammable, GWP <2, High Efficiency R1224yd(Z) A Good R245fa ORC Replacement R1336mzz(E) New Refrigerant to Consider Alternatives Attributes

• Most Low GWP (<10)
• Non-flammable
• Good efficiency
• Near design compatible

alternatives available

• Near R123 and R245fa

capacities

• All with no glide

A1 A1 B1 B1 A1 New A1

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Evaporator & Condenser Performance

Single Tube Test Rig

R-514A R-1233zd(E) R-1224yd(Z)

Similar Evaporator & Condenser Performance Observed in Chiller Bundle vs Single Tube Tests All Heat Transfer Performance was = or > Than R123

Evaporator Condenser

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Experiences with R514A

R-514A “drop in” Tests

300 Ton Variable Speed Chiller 770 Ton Impeller Optimized Chiller

• R-1233zd(E) & R-1224yd(Z) cannot be “dropped in” to a R-123 design
• Optimized design can achieve similar performance for all 3 refrigs
• Pressure vessel designs (ASME, PED) not required for R-514A

R-514A Chiller Performance Equal or Better than R-123 R-123 Can Be Retrofitted to R-514A

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Medium Pressure NGR Alternatives for Chillers

The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology

JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan

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Medium Pressure Chiller Alternatives

R134a Replacements

R513A (nonflammable) and R1234ze(E) Good Choices R516A (<150 GWP, A2L) Good Future R513A Alternative CF3I Chemistry Could Offer Nonflammable Alternatives Alternatives Attributes

• Flammability
• GWP 300-600 nonflammable
• GWP <150 flammable
• Good efficiency
• Near design compatible

alternatives available

• Near R134a capacity
• R1234ze(E) = -25% capacity
• All with no glide

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Experiences With a Water-Cooled Chiller

230 RT (800 kW)

Duplex Circuits

(~R516A)

Observations

• Measured performance

matched thermodynamic predictions quite closely.

• Compressor efficiency was

similar for all refrigerants.

• Differences can be

attributed to the slightly lower heat transfer performance of the alternate fluids.

R513A & R516A Perform Similarly

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High Pressure NGR Alternatives for Chillers

The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology

JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan

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High Pressure Chiller Alternatives

R410A Replacements

R454B & R32 Chiller Products Announced in Europe Alternatives Attributes

• Lowest GWPs (150-730)
• Flammability
• R32, R452B, R454B & C are all

2L flammable

• R466A first nonflammable that

meets <750 GWP regulatory requirement

• Efficiency - equal or greater
• Many near design compatible

alternatives available

• R466A, R32, R454B, R452B
• Many with glide
• Most R410A like with low glide

(0 to <2K)

• R454C is R407C like (5 to 6K)

R1123

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Experiences With Air Cooled Chiller

100 RT (352 kW)

Duplex Circuits – Used 1 Circuit

Observations

• Measured performance

matched thermodynamic predictions quite closely.

• Compressor efficiency was

similar for all refrigerants.

• R466A and R452B had

acceptable compressor discharge temperature.

• R32 compressor discharge

temperatures limited high ambient range .

New Nonflammable <750 GWP R466A Appears to be an Acceptable R410A Replacement

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Conclusions

The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology

JRAIA, December 6-7, 2018 Kobe, Japan

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Conclusions

Global Adoption of Ultra Low GWP (<10 GWP) Chiller Refrigerants Ongoing Without Direct Regulatory Pressure (No <150 GWP Limits) R514A, R1233zd(E), R1224yd(Z), R1234ze(E) – Considered Final Solutions New Refrigerant Innovation Continues – More Nonflammable Choices

Much has changed in 2 year!

Looking at Air & Water Cooled Chillers using HFC alternatives… … *Centrifugal and screw chillers with new ultra low HFOs or lower HFO blend refrigerants are now globally available. *Scroll introductions emerging

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Steve Kujak skujak@trane.com