ARCTIC LNG PLANT DESIGN: TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE COLD CLIMATE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

17 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION ON 17 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG 17) ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG 17) ARCTIC LNG PLANT DESIGN: TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE COLD CLIMATE <Title of Presentation> <Title of Presentation> By: <Author Name>, <Organization> By: <Author Name>, <Organization> William P. Schmidt <Date> <Date> Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 17 April 2013

“Are Today’s Proven Baseload LNG Liquefaction Processes Acceptable for Cold Climates?” To Answer:  Current & future baseload LNG locations  LNG liquefaction processes  Characteristics of arctic climates  How each process performs in arctic climates  Summary LNG-17 17 April 2013 2

Air Products Baseload LNG Trains Tropical Desert LNG-17 17 April 2013 3

Industry Arctic Plants LNG-17 17 April 2013 4

Industry Arctic Plants In Development LNG-17 17 April 2013 5

AP-C3MR TM Process LNG Precool Temperature Heat Rejection C 3 MRV Natural Gas C3 Pre-cooling MRL Mixed Refrigerant (MR) LNG-17 17 April 2013 6

AP-DMR TM Process LNG Warm Mixed Refrigerant (WMR) Natural Gas MRV Precool Temperature MRL Cold Mixed Refrigerant (CMR) LNG-17 17 April 2013 7

What Makes an Arctic Location Different?  Periods with Very Short and Very Long Daylight  Extreme winds  Winter precipitation does not melt until summer – Ice accumulation from sea spray and fog  Sea contains ice and may freeze over – Problem for shipping  It’s Cold! – Cold cooling medium for process heat sink – Cold air to gas turbine drive LNG-17 17 April 2013 8

Yearly Air Temperature Trend 50 Avg Daily T 40 30 Temperature (°C) 20 10 High-Low T 0 -10 -20 Borneo -30 Qatar -40 Yamal -50 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec LNG-17 17 April 2013 9

Yearly Seawater Temperature Trend 50 40 30 Temperature (°C) 20 10 0 -10 Ice Free Ice Covered Ice -20 Covered -30 Borneo Qatar -40 Yamal -50 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec LNG-17 17 April 2013 10

Process Temperatures Yearly Range 80 Process T = Cooling T + Δ T Approach 60 Process T ( ° C) 40 20 0 Air Cooling Seawater Cooling -20 -40 Yamal Qatar Borneo LNG-17 17 April 2013 11

Case Study Arctic Climate  Compare two LNG Liquefaction Processes – AP-C3MR TM and AP-DMR TM  Generic Arctic Location, Ambient -20 ° C to +22 ° C  Compressors – 2 x Frame 7 Mechanical Drive Gas Turbine – Each GT drives 50% compression string – Design compressors at average T • Rate for other conditions  Air Cooling LNG-17 17 April 2013 12

Case Study Arctic Climate (cont)  Unlimited Feed Rate – Maximize LNG using all available gas turbine power LNG-17 17 April 2013 13

What is Effect of Cold Ambient?  LNG Production depends on – How much power is available – How effectively the power is used LNG-17 17 April 2013 14

What is Effect of Cold Ambient? P  LNG  LNG = production (t/hr) Avail P Avail =Available power (kW) P Spec P Spec = Liquefier spec power (kWh/tonne)  Colder air T raises LNG production by – Increasing P Avail – Improving (lowering ) P Spec  kW   LNG  SP LNG-17 17 April 2013 15

DMR Production 9 8 Production (mtpa) 7 6 Gas Turbine 5 Baseline 4 3 Total Increase = 75% 2 ½ Gas Turbine 1 ½ Spec Power 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Ambient Temperature ( ° C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 16

C3MR Production 9 8 Production (mtpa) 7 6 Gas Turbine 5 Baseline 4 3 Total Increase = 45% 2 ¾ Gas Turbine 1 ¼ Spec Power 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Ambient Temperature ( ° C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 17

C3MR vs. DMR Air Cooled Arctic Case Study 9 8 Production (mtpa) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Ambient Temperature ( ° C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 18

C3MR for Colder Ambient T 60 Feed T C3 Precool T 40 C3 compressor 20 recycles Process T (°C) C3 0 Precooling Load -20 -40 Keeps C3 compressor suction P above -60 vacuum -80 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Ambient T (°C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 19

DMR for Colder Ambient T 60 Feed T DMR Precool T 40 20 Process T (°C) 0 DMR -20 Precooling Load -40 -60 -80 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Ambient T (°C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 20

C3MR and DMR for Colder Ambient T Feed T 60 C3 Precool T 40 DMR Precool T 20 Process T (°C) C3 0 Precooling DMR Load -20 Precooling Load -40 -60 -80 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Ambient T (°C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 21

So what have we learned?  For winter-to-summer temperature range, compare arctic to tropical/desert climate – Ambient air: very wide for arctic – Seawater: similar or smaller  Air cooled – For moderate air T range, C3MR and DMR produce equal LNG • Approx 30 ° C for this case study – With large air T range, DMR produces more LNG than C3MR • Based on 3 key assumptions LNG-17 17 April 2013 22

3 Key Assumptions 1. Plant is air cooled 2. Available refrigeration power limits production – Entire value chain can process extra feed – Gas fields, pipeline, slug catcher, AGRU, dehydration, storage, carriers . . . – Additional CAPEX used only part of year 3. Customers’ needs match plant production – Vary seasonally – Supply and demand are synchronized  If all three are true, then DMR liquefaction will produce more yearly LNG LNG-17 17 April 2013 23

C3MR vs. DMR Yearly Production Range Seawater Cooled Arctic Case Study 9 Production (mtpa) 8 DMR Production 7 C3MR Production 6 5 4 Year Round 3 Seawater Yearly Production 2 Temperature Range C3MR = DMR 1 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Seawater Temperature ( ° C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 24

C3MR vs. DMR - Fixed Feed Yearly Production Range Air Cooled Arctic Case Study 9 DMR Production 8 Production (mtpa) 7 C3MR Production 6 5 4 3 Year Round 2 Production 1 C3MR = DMR 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Ambient Temperature ( ° C) LNG-17 17 April 2013 25

Where does each process produce most annual LNG? Cooling Media Air Seawater Climate Constant Variable Feed Constant Variable Feed Feed (Inc >~30%) Feed (Inc >~30%) Tropical Desert AP-DMR TM Arctic > AP-C3MR TM LNG-17 17 April 2013 26

Where does each process produce most annual LNG? Cooling Media Air Seawater Climate Constant Variable Feed Constant Variable Feed Feed (Inc >~30%) Feed (Inc >~30%) Tropical AP-DMR TM = AP-C3MR TM Desert AP-DMR TM Arctic > AP-C3MR TM LNG-17 17 April 2013 27

DMR and C3MR – Other Factors  Type of precooling equipment – Coil Wound Heat Exchanger (DMR) vs. Kettle evaporators (C3MR)  Equipment Count & Footprint  Operating considerations  Experience and reference list  CAPEX  These are very project specific, and must be evaluated for each project LNG-17 17 April 2013 28

Summary  Arctic compared to desert and tropical climates – Colder - gives more production – Ambient air T range: wide summer-to-winter – Seawater T range: similar summer-to-winter  When selecting liquefaction process for arctic, DMR produces same LNG as C3MR, unless: – Air Cooling with wide T variation, and – Excess value chain capacity installed, and – Extra production can be sold seasonally LNG-17 17 April 2013 29

Conclusion Both AP-C3MR TM and AP-DMR TM are viable liquefaction processes for arctic climates LNG-17 17 April 2013 30

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