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Application areas of Application areas of Scalable Adaptive Multicast Scalable Adaptive Multicast Nobuo Kawaguchi Nobuo Kawaguchi Nagoya University / WIDE Project Nagoya University / WIDE Project What is SAM? What is SAM? Issues

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SLIDE 1

Application areas of Application areas of

Scalable Adaptive Multicast Scalable Adaptive Multicast

Nobuo Kawaguchi Nobuo Kawaguchi Nagoya University / WIDE Project Nagoya University / WIDE Project

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SLIDE 2

What is SAM? What is SAM?

  • Issues

Issues

  • Large

Large Number Number of Groups

  • f Groups
  • Group

Group Membership Management Membership Management

  • member = 3 ~ Huge

member = 3 ~ Huge

  • Network

Network Topology Topology

  • Mesh

Mesh / Tree / DHT / Tree / DHT

  • Network Resource

Network Resource Constraints Constraints

  • Bandwidth, Latency, Error rate

Bandwidth, Latency, Error rate

  • Higher Level

Higher Level Requirements Requirements

  • Congestion Control, Reliability, Security

Congestion Control, Reliability, Security

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SLIDE 3

Applications Areas Applications Areas

  • Kind of Networks

Kind of Networks

  • Adhoc Networks

Adhoc Networks

  • Sensor Networks

Sensor Networks

  • Home Networks

Home Networks

  • Office/ Building Networks

Office/ Building Networks

  • Kind of Content

Kind of Content

  • Video / Audio

Video / Audio

  • Information Sharing ( Whiteboard / Display )

Information Sharing ( Whiteboard / Display )

  • Sensing data

Sensing data

Applicat ion is KEY f or deployment

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SLIDE 4

Who will be communicating? Who will be communicating?

Human Human Machine Machine

Source Destination Voice/ Video Conferencing, Streaming Home Networks Communication based grouping of Application Areas Sensor Systems Building Systems Skype, Kontiki, Sharecast …

?

Context Aware Systems

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SLIDE 5

Current Applications Current Applications

  • Skype

Skype

  • P2P Audio/ Video Conferencing

P2P Audio/ Video Conferencing

  • SkypeCast

SkypeCast

  • Audio Conferencing for 100 people

Audio Conferencing for 100 people

  • p2pradio

p2pradio

  • P2P radio streaming

P2P radio streaming

  • http: / / www.streamerp2p.com/

http: / / www.streamerp2p.com/

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SLIDE 6

Video Streaming Systems Video Streaming Systems

  • Kontiki

Kontiki ( ( http: / / www.kontiki.com http: / / www.kontiki.com ) )

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SLIDE 7

ShareCast ShareCast

  • P2P Video Streaming Service

P2P Video Streaming Service

  • http: / / www.scast.tv

http: / / www.scast.tv (Japanese) (Japanese)

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SLIDE 8

XCAST XCAST

  • eXplicit

eXplicit multi multi-

  • Unicast

Unicast

  • VIC and RAT is currently used.

VIC and RAT is currently used.

  • Video:

Video: http: / / www.cogma.org/ press/ video/ xcast_e_1000k.wmv

http: / / www.cogma.org/ press/ video/ xcast_e_1000k.wmv

In reality more than 30peoples can join the same group

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SLIDE 9

Tour de France E Tour de France E-

  • bicycle

bicycle Demonstration Demonstration

  • Tour de France:

Tour de France:

  • July 1

July 1 st

st ,Strasbourg ~ July 23

,Strasbourg ~ July 23 rd

rd ,Paris

,Paris

  • http: / / demo.nautilus6.org/ demos/ 200607

http: / / demo.nautilus6.org/ demos/ 200607-

  • tourdefrance.php

tourdefrance.php

  • Communication between

Communication between Bicycles Bicycles ⇔ ⇔ Crew Crew ⇔ ⇔ Supporter Supporter

  • XCAST6 is used for audio/ v

XCAST6 is used for audio/ video ideo communication communication among the rider/ crews. among the rider/ crews.

  • XCAST6 is working with NEMO

XCAST6 is working with NEMO (Network Mobility) (Network Mobility)

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SLIDE 10

E E-

  • Bicycle with NEMO

Bicycle with NEMO

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SLIDE 11
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SLIDE 12

Future Application Future Application Areas Areas

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Adhoc Networks Adhoc Networks

  • Multicast in the Ad

Multicast in the Ad-

  • hoc Environment

hoc Environment

  • Several researches

Several researches… …

  • Apparently SAM is required in Adhoc but

Apparently SAM is required in Adhoc but not yet solved. not yet solved.

  • Multi

Multi-

  • layerd

layerd multicast multicast

  • Multicast over AODV (MAODV)

Multicast over AODV (MAODV)

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Adhoc Emergency Networks Adhoc Emergency Networks

  • In the disaster

In the disaster situation(Earthquake situation(Earthquake) ) there is no Infrastructure. there is no Infrastructure.

  • Adhoc network can be a solution for

Adhoc network can be a solution for this. this.

  • People want to

People want to communicate communicate for Information for Information sharing.. sharing..

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SLIDE 15

Military Adhoc Networks Military Adhoc Networks

  • Several tanks/ troops moves together.

Several tanks/ troops moves together.

  • Muliti

Muliti-

  • hop communication is required

hop communication is required for low for low-

  • power RF communication.

power RF communication.

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SLIDE 16

Sensor Networks Sensor Networks

  • Distributed sensors with

Distributed sensors with wired/ wireless networks. wired/ wireless networks.

  • Currently usual

Currently usual adhoc adhoc-

  • routing is

routing is applied to sensor networks. applied to sensor networks.

  • Several sensors should communicate

Several sensors should communicate each other. each other.

  • SAM can be used in this area.

SAM can be used in this area.

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SLIDE 17

Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous Computing

  • MIT

MIT House_n House_n project project

  • http: / /

http: / / architecture.mit.edu/ house_n architecture.mit.edu/ house_n/ /

  • Sensor networks for Home environment

Sensor networks for Home environment

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SLIDE 18

How about current Research? How about current Research?

  • A lot of studies / proposals have

A lot of studies / proposals have been done. But not yet stabilized. been done. But not yet stabilized.

  • How can we

How can we “ “Research and Develop Research and Develop” ” and finally and finally “ “Deploy Deploy” ” the fruit of the fruit of Scalable Adaptive Multicast Systems? Scalable Adaptive Multicast Systems?

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SLIDE 19

Taxonomy of SAM related studies Taxonomy of SAM related studies

… …

… …

Large Large No No D H T ( C A N ) D H T ( C A N ) CAN CAN-

  • mcast

mcast Large Large No No Mesh Mesh Overcast Overcast Large Large No No Mesh Mesh Scattercast Scattercast Small Small No No Mesh Mesh Narada Narada Large Large No No D H T ( P a s t r y D H T ( P a s t r y ) ) Scribe Scribe Large Large No No D H T ( T a p e s t r y D H T ( T a p e s t r y ) ) Bayeux Bayeux Large Large No No T r e e T r e e OMNI OMNI Middle Middle No No Tree Tree Peercast Peercast Middle Middle No No Tree Tree RelayCast RelayCast Small Small No No Tree Tree XCAST XCAST Small Small Yes Yes Mesh Mesh ALMI ALMI

Number of Number of Members Members C e n t r a l S e r v e r C e n t r a l S e r v e r Type of Network Type of Network

Under Construction….

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SLIDE 20

Proposal: Standardization of Proposal: Standardization of Application Program I nterf ace Application Program I nterf ace f or SAM f or SAM

  • Too many algorithm/ protocols for

Too many algorithm/ protocols for creating standard. creating standard.

  • For the real world deployment,

For the real world deployment, rich, and high rich, and high-

  • quality application is

quality application is truly required. truly required.

  • But it should not depend on the

But it should not depend on the specific protocol. specific protocol.

Define the API for SAM applications

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SLIDE 21

Example Levels of API Example Levels of API

  • Routing Level

Routing Level

  • Scribe (Pastry based P2P

Scribe (Pastry based P2P mcast mcast ) )

  • create(credentials

create(credentials, , groupId groupId) )

  • join(credentials

join(credentials, , groupId groupId, , messageHandler messageHandler) )

  • leave(credentials

leave(credentials, , groupId groupId) )

  • multicast(credentials

multicast(credentials, , groupId groupId, message) , message)

  • Application Level

Application Level

  • RalayCast

RalayCast

  • Using Proxy based API (Using kind of port forwarding)

Using Proxy based API (Using kind of port forwarding)

  • Not requiring changes for Applications

Not requiring changes for Applications

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Several Studies f or Several Studies f or API and Middleware f or SAM API and Middleware f or SAM

  • Dabek, F., Zhao, B., Druschel, P., Kubiatowicz, J. and

Stoica, I.: Towards a Common API for Structured Peer-to- Peer Overlays, Proc. IPTPS’03 (2003).

  • Y. Nakamura, H. Yamaguchi, A.
  • Y. Nakamura, H. Yamaguchi, A. Hiromori

Hiromori, K. Yasumoto, T. , K. Yasumoto, T. Higashino and K. Taniguchi, "On Designing End Higashino and K. Taniguchi, "On Designing End-

  • user

user Multicast for Multiple Video Sources," ICME2003. Multicast for Multiple Video Sources," ICME2003.

  • N. Mimura, K. Nakauchi, H. Morikawa, and T. Aoyama:

"Functional Unit Oriented Middleware for Application-Level Multicast Services,“ IEICE Transactions on Communications, IEICE/ IEEE Joint Special Section on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, vol. E88-B, no. 12,

  • pp. 4442-4450, December 2005.
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SLIDE 23

Simulators/ Tools f or SAM(p2p) Simulators/ Tools f or SAM(p2p)

  • p2psim

p2psim

  • Supports

Supports Chord, Accordion, Chord, Accordion, Koorde Koorde, , Kelips Kelips, Tapestry, , Tapestry, and and Kademlia Kademlia. .

  • http: / / pdos.csail.mit.edu/ p2psim/
  • MACE

MACE

  • A domain

A domain-

  • specific C+ + like language to describe a

specific C+ + like language to describe a distributed system's. distributed system's.

  • http: / / mace.ucsd.edu/
  • Overlay Weaver

Overlay Weaver

  • Java based imp. of Chord, Tapestry,

Java based imp. of Chord, Tapestry, Kademlia Kademlia

  • Visualizer

Visualizer of P2P network

  • f P2P network
  • http: / /

http: / / overlayweaver.sourceforge.net

  • verlayweaver.sourceforge.net/

/

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SLIDE 24

Overlay Weaver ( Overlay Weaver (Shudo Shudo et al. ) et al. )

  • http: / /

http: / / overlayweaver.sourceforge.net

  • verlayweaver.sourceforge.net /

/

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SLIDE 25

Simple API and Messaging Simple API and Messaging Visualizer Visualizer

  • f Overlay Weaver
  • f Overlay Weaver

Sample of API McastConfiguration config = McastFactory.getDefaultConfiguration(); Mcast mcast = McastFactory.getMcast(config); mcast.joinOverlay(String hostAndPort); mcast.joinGroup(ID groupID); mcast.multicast(ID groupID, Serializable content);

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SLIDE 26

Summary Summary

  • SAM has a lot of Applicat ion Areas

SAM has a lot of Applicat ion Areas

  • API St andardizat ion is one of t he KEY

API St andardizat ion is one of t he KEY

  • Several examples. (Rout ing, Applicat ion level)

Several examples. (Rout ing, Applicat ion level)

  • There are several t ools we can use.

There are several t ools we can use.

  • p2psim, MACE , Overlay Weaver

p2psim, MACE , Overlay Weaver

  • Sharing I nf ormat ion is I mport ant

Sharing I nf ormat ion is I mport ant

  • Too many researches are working

Too many researches are working… …

  • Building a t axonomy is a good work f or RG.

Building a t axonomy is a good work f or RG.