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An overview of Lidar and Sunphotometric measurements of aerosol optical properties over Thessaloniki, Greece V. Amiridis (1,2) , A. Bais (2) , D. Balis (2) , E. Giannakaki (2) , S. Kazadzis (2) , A. Papayannis (3) , C. Zerefos (4) (1) Institute

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An overview of Lidar and Sunphotometric measurements of aerosol optical properties over Thessaloniki, Greece

  • V. Amiridis(1,2), A. Bais(2), D. Balis(2), E. Giannakaki(2), S. Kazadzis(2),
  • A. Papayannis(3), C. Zerefos(4)

(1)Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens,

Greece

(2)Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki,

Greece

(3)Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece (4)Laboratory of Climatology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Outline

Instrumentation 5-year aerosol climatology Case Studies – Optical Characteristics of specific aerosol types (smoke – dust) Ground-based input for satellite inversions – Calipso Aerosol microphysical properties – the next step Conclusions

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Instrumentation: Raman/Backscatter Lidar

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Instrumentation: Raman/Backscatter Lidar

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Instrumentation: Sunphotometers

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NETWORKS: AERONET

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NETWORKS: EARLINET

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Aerosol Climatology

Kazadzis et al. ACP, 2007 Kazadzis et al. ACP, 2007

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Aerosol Climatology

Kazadzis et al. ACP, 2007 Kazadzis et al. ACP, 2007

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Aerosol Climatology

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Julian Day

FT Aerosol Optical Depth

355nm

PBL Aerosol Optical Depth

15-days gliding average

Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005 Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005

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1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 0.0 2.0x10

  • 4

4.0x10

  • 4

0.0 6.0x10

  • 6

40 80 120

exponential fit Elterman's profile Exponential Fit E = a*exp(-H/b) a = 0.0004 ± 0.0001 b = 1802.0 ± 386.21

Extinction Coefficient (m

  • 1)

Height (m) Backscatter Coefficient (m

  • 1 sr
  • 1)

Lidar Ratio (sr)

355nm

Aerosol Climatology

Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005 Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005

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Mean columnar aerosol optical depth @ 355nm Mean PBL aerosol optical depth @ 355nm AOD = AOD1 = Mean FT aerosol optical depth @ 355nm AOD2 =

cluster 1 (6%) AOD = 0.71 0.41 AOD1 = 0.40 0.26 AOD2 = 0.31 0.16 cluster 2 (24%) AOD = 0.51 0.15 AOD1 = 0.39 0.12 AOD2 = 0.12 0.06 cluster 3 (7%) AOD = 0.53 0.24 AOD1 = 0.37 0.17 AOD2 = 0.16 0.09 cluster 5 (30%) AOD = 0.72 0.33 AOD1 = 0.49 0.19 AOD2 = 0.23 0.18 cluster 6 (27%) AOD = 0.59 0.20 AOD1 = 0.44 0.17 AOD2 = 0.15 0.09 cluster 4 (6%) AOD = 0.97 0.07 AOD1 = 0.60 0.08 AOD2 = 0.37 0.09

Aerosol Climatology

Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005 Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005

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Mean columnar aerosol optical depth @ 355nm Mean PBL aerosol optical depth @ 355nm LR = LR1 = Mean FT aerosol optical depth @ 355nm LR2 =

cluster 1 (6%) LR = 58.3 29.8 LR1 = 71.8 33.9 LR2 = 57.1 28.7 cluster 2 (24%) LR = 28.8 10.5 LR1 = 28.4 10.5 LR2 = 28.2 10.4 cluster 3 (7%) LR = 38.4 19.6 LR1 = 39.8 21.6 LR2 = 37.9 19.1 cluster 5 (30%) LR = 46.6 25.5 LR1 = 55.7 27.4 LR2 = 43.6 24.6 cluster 6 (27%) LR = 33.9 15.1 LR1 = 37.1 17.4 LR2 = 31.8 12.7 cluster 4 (6%) LR = 40.0 16.2 LR1 = 37.6 25.1 LR2 = 40.1 16.1

Aerosol Climatology

Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005 Amiridis et al. , JGR, 2005

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Mean AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH at 340 nm Clusters

#1 North West (Atlantic) #2 North #3 West #4 East, North-East #5 Western, Local and Saharan dust Mean AOD

THESSALONIKI, GREECE 1997-2006

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

forest agriculture wetlands grasslands

  • ther

Thessaloniki

Longitude (degrees) Latitude (degrees)

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Number of Hot Spots (ATSR)

Month

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Latitude range: 40 -60 Longitude range: 50 -70

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

01 August 2005 Biomass burning event at Russia MODIS fire product

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

01 August 2005 Biomass burning event at Russia 4-day Back Trajectories + ATSR hot spots Balis et al. , Atm. Env., 2003 Balis et al. , Atm. Env., 2003

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 2 4 6 2 4 6 40 80 120 0 2 4

Extnction Coefficient @ 355 nm [km

  • 1]

Height, asl [m]

Color Index 355/532 nm Lidar Ratio @ 355 nm[sr] Backscatter Coefficient @ 355 nm [km

  • 1sr
  • 1]

Backscatter Coefficient @ 532 nm [km

  • 1sr
  • 1]

01 August 2005 Biomass burning event from Russia Lidar derived profiles

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 400 600 800 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 6 9 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 60 90 120 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4

12 SEP 2005 01 AUG 2005 28 JUL 2005 22 AUG 2002 08 JUL 2002 20 AUG 2001 16 AUG 2001 09 AUG 2001 16 JUL 2001 12 JUL 2001 355 nm

  • EXT. COEF. [Mm
  • 1sr
  • 1]

HEIGHT [km] 355 nm

  • BSC. COEF. [Mm
  • 1sr
  • 1]

532 nm

  • BSC. COEF. [Mm
  • 1sr
  • 1]

355 nm LIDAR RATIO [sr] b355 nm - b532 nm ANGSTRÖM EXP.

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Correlation Coefficient = -0.84

Lidar Ratio @ 355 nm (sr)

  • Bsc. Angstrom Exp. [355 / 532 nm]
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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

CO Mixing Ratio (ppb) Age (days) Height (m) Thessaloniki, 20/08/2001

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Case Studies – Biomass Burning

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Correlation Coefficient = -0.85

  • Bsc. Angstrom Exp. [355 / 532 nm]

Age of Carbon Monoxide from fire emissions [days]

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0.0 4.0x10

  • 6

8.0x10

  • 6

2.0x10

  • 4

4.0x10

  • 4

20 40 60 80 100 120

975 hPa 850 hPa 700 hPa Boundary Layer Backscatter (m

  • 1 sr
  • 1)

Height (m) 355 nm 532 nm 355 nm Extinction (m

  • 1)

355 nm Lidar Ratio (sr)

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

region 3 region 2 region 1

correlation coefficient = -0.80834 Lidar Ratio @ 355nm (sr) Color Index (355/532nm)

Balis et al. , GRL, 2004 Balis et al. , GRL, 2004

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

Mean dust load [g/m ]

2

Winter Spring Summer Autumn

35N 25N 15N 45N 20W 20E 40E

1.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.05

Longitude (degrees) Latitude (degrees) Latitude (degrees) Latitude (degrees) Latitude (degrees) Longitude (degrees) Longitude (degrees) Longitude (degrees)

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 N NE Central W SW S SE

Geographical sector

Mean number of observed dust days

Total Winter Spring Summer Fall

pl ab ba th at sf ne ju mu gp le kb lk be mi la na po lc NW W S W C N NE S S E

W est E ast

hh

EARLINET lidar stations in the European continent. Special points indicate the location of the station. Circles denote the corresponding geographical sector. Seasonal variability of the

  • bserved mean number of

Saharan dust days during EARLINET (May 2000- December 2005) per sector

  • ver the European

continent.

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

AT LC TH PO NA BA LA SF JU NEGPMU PL LE BE AB HH MI KB LK 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

Number of dust days

EARLINET Station

Observed Forecasted

Papayannis et al. , JGR, 2008 Papayannis et al. , JGR, 2008

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

PO(1550) NA(1570) LA(1590) LC(1650) AT(1800) TH(1900) LE(2450) KB(2550)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Mean Aerosol Optical Depth

EARLINET Station

PO(1550) NA(1570) LA(1590) LC(1650) AT(1800) TH(1900) LE(2450) KB(2550)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Mean Lidar Ratio (sr)

EARLINET Station

Mean AOD (upper graph) and mean LR (lower graph) together with the corresponding standard deviation, calculated inside the dust layers, per EARLINET station equipped with a Raman lidar system as a function of distance from the Saharan region (the numbers in parenthesis indicate the distance in km of the station from the Saharan region). Papayannis et al. , JGR, 2008 Papayannis et al. , JGR, 2008

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Case Studies – Saharan Dust

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0.0 2.0x10

  • 4 4.0x10
  • 4

0.0 5.0x10

  • 6 1.0x10
  • 5

20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

Extinction Coefficient (m

  • 1)

Height a.s.l. (m) Backscatter Coefficient (m

  • 1 sr
  • 1)

Raman nighttime measurements at 351/355nm

Lidar Ratio (sr)

AT (15) KB (6) LA (27) LC (45) LE (11) NA (53) PO (38) TH (6)

Lidar Ratio Standard Deviation (sr)

Papayannis et al. , JGR, 2008 Papayannis et al. , JGR, 2008

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Aerosol Microphysical Properties- The next step

Aeronet Inversions: Typical size distribution for anthropogenic urban aerosols

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Aerosol Microphysical Properties- The next step

Aeronet Inversions: Typical size distribution for Saharan dust

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Aerosol Microphysical Properties- The next step

Aeronet Inversions: Typical size distribution for smoke aerosols

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Aerosol Microphysical Properties- The next step

LIDAR: Inversion of optical data set. Optical datasets needed:

  • 3 backscatter coefficient

profiles (355, 532, 1064 nm)

  • 2 extinction coefficient profiles

(355, 532 nm) Muller et al. WP5.2 of EARLINET - ASOS Muller et al. WP5.2 of EARLINET - ASOS

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Muller et al. WP5.2 of EARLINET - ASOS Muller et al. WP5.2 of EARLINET - ASOS

Aerosol Microphysical Properties- The next step

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Aerosol Microphysical Properties- The next step

Muller et al. JGR, 2005 Muller et al. JGR, 2005

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Within EARLINET-ASOS, a number of biomass burning and Saharan dust case studies were analyzed in a number of stations, using advanced lidar methods. The Network is continuing to contribute to this kind of studies during special events Optical and Physical properties for specific aerosol types measured by the EARLINET network are extremely important for satellite lidar validation and could give input for satellite algorithms (e.g. Lidar Ratio on CALIPSO).

Conclusions

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Conclusions

Lidar ratio varied from 45 to 95 45 to 95 sr sr with higher values corresponding to Russian fires Angstrom exponent varied from 0.26 to 2.12 0.26 to 2.12 with higher values corresponding to bigger particles Anticorrelation of the lidar ratio with color index was also found for the case of Saharan dust particles. For Thessaloniki station and during smoke aerosol presence over the site for 10 days, AODs in the range between 0.5 0.5 and 1.5 1.5 were observed

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Thank you for your attention