BIO CARBON DEVELOPMENTS in CANADA Canadian Carbonization Research - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

BIO CARBON DEVELOPMENTS in CANADA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association Ted Todoschuk, Board Chairman, CCRA Louis Giroux, Chairman CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Canadian Carbonization Research Association

Canadian Carbonization Research Association (CCRA) ArcelorMittal Dofasco Walter Energy Anglo American CANMET Energy Industrial Innovation Group Industrial Energy Systems Energy for High Temperature Processes

• Dr. T. MacPhee

2 PhD Scientists 8 Technicians Equipment Coal Coke Personnel Chemistry Petrography Rheology Physical Movable Wall Oven Sole Heated Oven Chemistry Size Strength Density Porosity Coke Carbon Forms

Teck Coal

2 Research Engineers Grande Cache SunCoke Energy USS Canada Xstrata

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Program Areas of Research

• Energy and CO2 Reduction in the Steel Industry
• Energy and Environment
• Fundamental Aspects of Coal and Coke Utilization
• Database, Standards and Procedures

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Program Areas of Research – CO2 Driver Integrated:

• Blast Furnace Iron: 9 Mt
• Coke consumption: ~4 Mt
• CO2 emission: ~14 Mt

EAF:

• EAF Iron: 6 Mt
• CO2: ~ 1 Mt

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Program Areas of Research 1 - Short Term Solutions for Utilizing Bio Carbon in Ironmaking and Steelmaking. 2 - Long Term Radical Solutions for Utilizing Bio Carbon in Ironmaking and Steelmaking. 3 – Alternative Primary Processes with CO2 Capture and Storage – Primary process potential reconfiguration. (will not be discussed) Mandate is to look at technical solutions, not economics at this point.

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Biological Material: all plant and animal matters

Short rotation forestry Forest residues Wood waste Crop residues Agricultural crops

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Bio Carbon Research Focus in the Steel Sub-sector

Carbon in the charge Burners Carbon Injection (Slag foaming)

Photosynthesis Biomass Photosynthesis Biomass CO2 CO2 CO2

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Biofuel Composition

Elemental Composition is Critical to Iron and Steelmaking Products

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Short Term – Industrial Coal Blend

• Partial replacement of coal in an industrial coal blend

– Cold strength and hot strength of coke to be maintained. – Found that the charcoal had to be <60mesh (.250mm). – Washing of the charcoal using diluted acetic acid. – 5 to 10% addition to start, using small scale coking tests. – Full scale movable wall oven tests will be completed using an industrial coal blend (Dofasco). – Also to be investigated is briquetting of the charcoal allow a higher percentage of charcoal to be used i.e. up to 50% – Low in Ca: To maintain hot strength – Low in Na and K: To avoid alkaline accumulation – Low in P: To facilitate steelmaking

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Charcoal for PCI Injection

• Partial replacement of coal for PCI injection.

# Coal to make BF coke + coal for injectant at tuyere

#

Use of unprocessed biomass (low C, high O) results in marginal improvement in CO2 reduction.

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Charcoal for PCI Injection HM: 9.0 Mt/yr Charcoal: 1.3 Mt/yr CO2: 10.5 Mt/yr Slow Pyrolysis (Yield 35%) Raw Biomass: 3.6 Mt/yr

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Charcoal for PCI Injection

–High combustibility: To ensure rapid gasification – High in C and Low in O: To maximize coke replacement and maintain furnace heat balance – Low in Na and K: To avoid alkaline accumulation – Low in P: To facilitate steelmaking

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Biomass for EAF

Research in biomass in EAF focuses on 38% of CO2 emissions

Carbon in the charge Burners Carbon Injection (Slag foaming)

Photosynthesis Biomass Photosynthesis Biomass CO2 CO2 CO2

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Summary - Short Term

• Replacement of PCI with charcoal injection in the blast

furnace, addresses 23.5% of the blast furnace CO2

• emission. Further reduction will depend on how much

biomass can replace current blast furnace coke.

• For the EAF, there is a potential to reduce CO2

emissions by 38% with the use of biocarbon. i.e. burners and slag foaming carbon.

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Long Term – Future Vision

• Current CO2 emissions are ~14 Mt.
• What can be done in the longer term to maximize the

amount of bio based fuels to radically reduce this CO2 emission level.

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Long Term – Future Vision

• Need to take raw biomass and convert to “charcoal”
• Biocarbon production facilities:

– Adding charcoal will be limited in the amount that can replace traditional coal in a traditional slot oven blend. – Need to be able to increase the utilization of briquetting technology. – Limited in a slot oven due to wall pressure generation and shrinkage issues. – Can the amount of charcoal be increased using an alternative (non-recovery) technology?

Non-recovery=no by-products recovery

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Raw Bio Material Harvest Bio Treatment (washing or chemical treatment) Bio Upgrade and Beneficiation Low Temperature (200-300°C) Drive off H2O and VM to minimize degradation during coking Char like material produced Tar addition or suitable binder (perhaps bio based) Have to make suitable shape such as briquettes, pellets, disks Size will depend

• n process to

receive product Heat to Carbonize (adequate time and temperature) Temperature maybe lower than traditional cokemaking Use slot, grate furnace or non- recovery technology DRI/Smelting Reduction EAF BF Future Ironmaking Process Product is dry quenched Bio Product is stabilized, crushed and screened appropriately for process to receive product (1) Dry Quench Energy Used to dry material (2) Recycle top gas (3) Fines are recycled back to bio mixture (4) Composite mixture of Fe and Bio Carbon (5) Process off gas to be used directly back in process, bio process or methanation to be used to upgrade gas or even generate power for processes (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) Stoves Corex/Finex (5) PCI Char

Long Term Research Proposal

Biomaterials Enrichment Precarbonization Carbonization Treatment Product Application

CCRA

Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

• Sustainable raw biomass supply capable to meet the demand by

steel industry?

• Bio-char production capacity?
• Process for removing unwanted minerals in bio-char?
• Chemical composition of “cleaned” bio-char suitability for bio-

cokemaking or direct injection?