Faecal Sludge Treatment and Utilization by Hydrothermal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Faecal Sludge Treatment and Utilization by Hydrothermal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 14, 2023 418 likes •618 views

Faecal Sludge Treatment and Utilization by Hydrothermal Carbonization Process Auth thor ors s : Krail ilak Fakkaew Thammara mmarat Koo oott ttatep Ch Chon ongrak rak Pol olpras asert 1 IN INTR TRODUCT ODUCTION ION 2 INTR IN

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SLIDE 1

Faecal Sludge Treatment and Utilization by Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

1

Auth thor

  • rs

s : Krail ilak Fakkaew Thammara mmarat Koo

  • ott

ttatep Ch Chon

  • ngrak

rak Pol

  • lpras

asert

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SLIDE 2

2

IN INTR TRODUCT ODUCTION ION

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SLIDE 3

3

Hydrot rothermal Carbonizati tion (HTC) Can be Defined as Carbonization

  • f
  • f Biomass in Water to Raise Its Carbon Content, HTC Product is

Called “Hydrochar”

IN INTR TRODUCT ODUCTION ION

 Requiring Closed System Under Saturation Pressures. Process Condition  Operation Limited in Subcritical Condition of Water ( 180-250 C at About 20-60 bar )  Reaction Time Varied Between 1 to 12 h.  Feedstock is Surrounded by Water During the Reactions

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SLIDE 4

4

  • Advan

anta tages es of HTC for Fae aeca cal l Slu ludge e Trea eatm tmen ent: t:

 Not Require uire Feedst stoc

  • ck

k Drying ing  Conver ert t High gh Load of

  • f Orga

ganic nic Matter er into

  • Hydroc
  • char

har  Temperature perature Emplo ployed d Result sult in the Destr truction ction of

  • f Pa

Pathogen thogen  Hydroc

  • char

har is a Valuable able Produc duct

IN INTR TRODUCT ODUCTION ION

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SLIDE 5

5

App pplic ication ations of Hydr droc

  • cha

har

  • Solid

lid Fuel l

  • Soil

il Amendment dment

  • Absorb
  • rben

ent t for Water er Purif rificati ication

  • n : Heavy Metal and Micropullutant Removals
  • Energy

nergy Stor

  • rage

ge : Li-ion Battery, Carbon Fuel Cells

  • Catalys

talyst : Supported Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation

  • CO

CO2 Seque uest strati ation

  • n

IN INTR TRODUCT ODUCTION ION

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SLIDE 6

6

OB OBJEC JECTIVES TIVES

To Identify HTC Products Characteristics To Investigate Potentials of HTC products Utilization

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SLIDE 7

7

MET ETHODO HODOLOG OGY

Feedstock:

  • Faecal Sludge (FS) of 20% Solid Content

HTC Expe perim iments ents

HTC Process Conditions:

  • Temperature of 180-250 C
  • Reaction Time of 5 h
  • Heating Rate of 6 C/min
  • Cooling Rate of 45 C/min

HTC Products:

  • Hydrochar
  • Liquid, Filtrate, Process Water
  • Gases
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SLIDE 8

8

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

SEM M Images ges

Hydr droc

  • cha

har Charact cter erist istic ics

(a) Dried FS (b) Produced Hydrochar at 180 C (c) Produced Hydrochar at 220 C (d) Produced Hydrochar at 250 C

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SLIDE 9

9

 Energy Content and Atomic Ratios of H/C and O/C of the Hydrochar Were Comparable to Natural Coals  Hydrochar Could be Use as a So Solid id Fuel in a Typical Combustion Process

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

Hydr droc

  • cha

har Charact cter erist istic ics s and A d App pplic ication ations

Par Parame meter ers Un Unit Dried ed FS FS Hydrocha char En Energy rgy Cont ntent nt MJ/kg 13.5-14.1 19.3 .3-19.9 .9 Hydrocha char Yield %

  • 70-73

Atomi mic Ratio io H:C 1.60-1.70 1.28-1.37 O:C 0.38-0.40  0.18

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 Atomic H/C Ratio Atomic O/C Ratio Dry initial FS (this study) FS-Hydrochar (this study) Sewage sludge-Hydrochar (a) Cellulose-Hydrochar (b) Paper-Hydrochar (c) Food-Hydrochar (c) Coconut fiber-Hydrochar (d) Corn stalk-Hydrochar (e) Lignite (f) Bituminous coal (f) Charcoal (g) Biochar (h) Lignite region Bituminous region

Decarboxylation Dehydration

Van Krevelen Diagram

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SLIDE 10

10

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

Par Parame meter ers Un Unit Dried ed FS FS Hydrocha char Ultimat mate An Analysis ysis Carbon bon %wt 37.8-38.1 38.8 .8-39 39.7 .7 Hydrogen gen %wt 5.0-5.5 4.1-4.5 Nitroge

  • gen

%wt 3.0-3.5 1.9-2.0 Sul ulfur ur %wt 1.4-1.6 1.2-1.3 Oxygen gen %wt 19.40-19.52 9.13-9.56

Hydr droc

  • cha

har Charact cter erist istic ics s and A d App pplic ication ations

 Further Processes to Make It Suitable for Use as an Anode Anode e in Li-ion ion Batt tter ery

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SLIDE 11

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 The Mean Pore Diameter Was Found in the Range of the Mesopores  Hydrochar can be used as an adsorb

  • rbent

ent for Adsorption of Sugar, Heavy Metals and Micro- pollutants

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

Hydr droc

  • cha

har Charact cter erist istic ics s and A d App pplic ication ations

Par Parame meter ers Un Unit Dried ed FS FS Hydrocha char Bul ulk Densi sity ty g/cm3  0.33  0.37 BET ET Sur urface ce Area rea m2/g  1.07 4.4-5.6 Tot

  • tal

al Pore re Volu lume me cm3/g  0.010 0.035-0.049 Mean n Pore re Diame meter er nm 38.6-38.7 1.72-1.84

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 Liquid Products Still Contained High Concentrations of TOC, COD, BOD5, TN and TP.  pH Was Decreased Due to the VFA Generation From Decomposition of the Hydrolyzed Products During HTC Process

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

HTC C Liquid id Chara aract cteristi eristics cs

Par Parame meter ers Un Unit FS a HTC Liqui uid d Produ duct ct TOC OC g/L 16-40 12-16 COD g/L 43-50 25-31 BOD5 g/L 3-4 11-14 TN TN g/L 5-8 7-8 TP TP mg/L 10-15 5-10 pH pH 6.8-7.2 5.8-6.2 Pheno enol mg/L Not detected 260 VFA g/L 1.0-1.1 5.2-5.4

a FS at solid content of 20%wt

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SLIDE 13

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 Bio-Methane Potential (BMP) Test  Methane Production Was About 2.8 L-CH4 per kg-HTC Liquid or 2.0 L-CH4 per kg FS  The produced biogas could be used as a fuel gas

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

HTC C Liquid id Appl plications ications an and Treatment atment Op Option tions

  • Anaerobic
  • bic Digest

estion ion and Biogas

  • gas Produ

duction ction

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SLIDE 14

14

 Increasing Hydrochar Yield  Increasing Energy Content of the hydrochar  Reducing Wastewater Treatment Costs

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

HTC C Liquid id Appl plications ications an and Treatment atment Op Option tions

  • Recir

irculat ulation ion in HTC C Process cess

  • Liquid

uid Fertiliz tilizer er  NH4-N of 2000 mg/L  P2O5 of 10 mg/L  K2O of 100 mg/L  HTC Liquid Products Could be Further Processed to Make It Suitable to Use as a Liquid Fertilizer in Farmlands.

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SLIDE 15

15

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION

HTC C Gas as Com

  • mposit

position ion an and Treatm eatmen ent t Op Opti tions

  • ns
  • Gas Composi

position tion

  • Treatment

eatment Options ions  Activated Carbon Adsorption  Absorption With a Wet Scrubber CO2 61.9 %V CH4 0.7 %V O2 1.7 %V N2 21.5 %V H2S 2.0 %V CO 1.6 %V VOCs 3.1 %V Other 7.5 %V  Gases produced from the HTC process were about 10 L-gas/kg-FS

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SLIDE 16

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  • Energy Contents of the Hydrochar Were Found to be About 19-20 MJ/kg,

Comparable to Natural Coals

  • The HTC Liquid Products Obtained from the HTC Process Contained High

Concentrations of Organic Matter, with the BMP Test Suggested the Potential

  • f Methane Production
  • These Results Indicated the Technical Feasibility of the HTC Process for Treating

FS and Producing Hydrochar for Using as Solid Fuels and Other Value-added Products, Which Minimizing Environmental Problems and Public Health Risk

CON ONCL CLUSIONS USIONS

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SLIDE 17

17

ACKN KNOWLE WLEDGEMENT DGEMENT

Stimulating local innovation on sanitation for the urban poor in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia Project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

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SLIDE 18

18

Thank you