An experimental test bed for the evaluation of the hidden terminal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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An experimental test bed for the evaluation of the hidden terminal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 Living in a converged world - impossible without standards? An experimental test bed for the evaluation of the hidden terminal problems on the IEEE 802.15.5 standard

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ITU ¡Kaleidoscope ¡2014 ¡

Living ¡in ¡a ¡converged ¡world ¡-­‑ ¡impossible ¡without ¡standards? ¡ ¡

An experimental test bed for the evaluation of the hidden terminal problems on the IEEE 802.15.5 standard

David Rodenas-Herraiz, Antonio-Javier Garcia-Sanchez, Felipe Garcia-Sanchez and Joan Garcia-Haro

Department of Information and Communications Technologies Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena (Spain)

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Summary

  • Motivation
  • IEEE 802.15.5

– Mesh ¡Network ¡Forma0on ¡ – Asynchronous ¡Energy ¡Saving ¡Mode ¡

  • Architecture and Implementation
  • Performance Evaluation

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) ¡

Wireless Mesh Sensor Network (WMSN) ¡

Source Destination Energy efficiency Link reliability Robustness Scalability Interoperability Self-organization Security Multi-hop mesh routing

Mesh capability

…

Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Wireless sensor platform: TelosB device provided by MEMSIC Inc.

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  • Fig. 1.3. Trend shown by the industrial automation market in the last few years. On

World (Hatler et al., 2012)

By 2016, 39% applications and services will be uniquely enabled by Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Mesh Networks (LR-WPAN Mesh) (Hatler et al., 2012)

75% have installed or planed a Wireless Sensor Network 75% consider employing IEEE 802.15.4-based WSNs including mesh capability 20% intend to exclusively use Wireless Mesh Sensor Network solutions 216 surveyed industrial automation professionals and end users (%)

Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Smart Santander City

Up to 12.000 nodes deployed in Santander (Spain) to create a Smart City

Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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GreenOrbs

More than 1000 nodes deployed in TianMu Mountain, Zhejiang (China), for long-term ecological surveillance

Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Feature

Multi-hop mesh routing ü

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NA NA

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Scalability

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NA NA

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Energy efficiency

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Link reliability

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NA

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End-to-end reliability

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NA NA

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Robustness

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NA

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Interoperability

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Self-organization

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Security

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NA NA

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NA

Mobility support

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NA

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Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Decisions

Use of IPv6

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Compatible

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Compatible

In-network addressing scheme

16- bit 128- bit 16- bit 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit

Available source code

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Open issue

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Open issue

Free-payment contributions

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Memory and CPU usage

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Cost

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Flexibility

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Large-scale networks

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Energy-saving support

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Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Motivation Wireless Mesh Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

  • The IEEE released in 2009 the IEEE 802.15.5

standard to extend traditional Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) to scalable, robust, energy-efficient and interoperable WMSNs

  • Despite the sought after features already
  • ffered by this standard, there is still very few

experimental work accessing the performance

  • f IEEE 802.15.5 networks
  • Lack of an open-source implementation

available to the scientific and development communities

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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The IEEE 802.15.5 LR-WPAN Mesh standard

Anatomy of the current communication stack

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

PHYSICAL LAYER APPLICATION LAYER PRESENTATION LAYER SESSION LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER NETWORK LAYER DATA LINK LAYER

OSI Reference Model ¡

IEEE 802.15.4-2006 Physical (PHY) layer IEEE 802.15.5 Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network Mesh layer IEEE 802.15.4-2006 Medium Access Control (MAC) layer LR-WPAN Mesh Application

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The IEEE 802.15.5 LR-WPAN Mesh standard

Mesh network formation

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

Mesh Coordinator ¡ End device ¡ Mesh device ¡

[1] [1] [1] [1] + [3] = [4] [1] + [1] + [3] + [3] = [8] [8] + [3] = [11] [11] + [3] = [14] [14] + [Branch B] Branch A Branch B (0-65534) 1 (1-15) 4 (4-15) 7 (9-15) 12 (12-15) 15 (15) 11 (11) 10 (10)

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The IEEE 802.15.5 LR-WPAN Mesh standard

Asynchronous Energy Saving (ASES) mode

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

Wakeup Notification (WN)

AD AD AD AD AD

WN WN WN WN Ack

ID ID ID ID Wakeup Interval (WI) WI

DATA

Data arrival Wait for the receiver’s WN

time time

RECEIVER SENDER Active Duration (AD) Transmission by means of the unslotted CSMA-CA WI = meshBaseActiveDuration·2WO ¡ ¡[ms] ¡ AD = meshBaseActiveDuration·2AO ¡ ¡[ms] ¡ 0 ≤ Active Order (AO) ≤ Wakeup Order (WO) ≤ 14

  • Conceived for the majority of traditional WSN

applications

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Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

IEEE 802.15.5 Architecture for TinyOS

IEEE 802.15.4 implementation (TKN154) by J.-H. Hauer

14 ¡

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Performance Evaluation

The hidden terminal problem

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

AD AD

RX TX 2 TX 1

AD

WN

DATA

time time

RX TX 2 TX 1

DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA

time WN

ID ID …

Hidden terminals

ID ID

  • The HT problem gives rise to message

collisions, leading to further retransmissions and messages lost

  • High energy waste

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Performance Evaluation

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

Receiver ¡ Sender ¡

Scenario (1.i) Scenario (1.ii) Scenario (2)

25 m 25 m 25 m 25 m 25 m 25 m

– Deployed TelosB devices in an indoor scenario – Traffic generation rate: 0.1, 1 and 2 messages per second (127 bytes at the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer) – All nodes configured with WO = 4 (WI = 80 ms) and AO = 3 (AD = 40 ms)

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Results: Single-hop scenario

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Results: Mesh scenario

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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Conclusions and Future Work

  • Developed first open-

source implementation

  • f the IEEE 802.15.5

LR-WPAN Mesh standard for TinyOS

  • Assessed WMSN
  • peration considering

HT problems

  • HT problems degrade

significantly the WMSN performance

q Complete the

implementation of the IEEE 802.15.5 standard

q Investigate and

evaluate solutions to alleviate the HT problems in an IEEE 802.15.5 networks

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

The complete software can be found in the following repository: https://github.com/upct/mesh802155.git

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Thanks!

Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 3-5 June 2014 ITU Kaleidoscope 2014 - Living in a converged world - impossible without standards?

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antoniojavier.garcia@upct.es ¡