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technology from seed Jos Barateiro* Gonalo Antunes Jos Borbinha Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture 8 th European Conference on Digital Archiving, 2010 Geneva, Switzerland Outline technology from seed Digital

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technology

from seed José Barateiro* Gonçalo Antunes José Borbinha

Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture

8th European Conference on Digital Archiving, 2010 Geneva, Switzerland

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

technology

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Outline

Digital Preservation as a Problem
Context
The Enterprise Architecture Perspective
Zachman Framework
TOGAF
Reference Architecture
Shaman RA
OAIS Reference Model
Modelling OAIS
Conclusions

Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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Digital Preservation as a Problem (1/2)

Generic and common requirements:

Integrity: Effective preservation requires that the

informational content of objects remains unchanged through its lifetime.

Reliability: A copy (or representation) of any preserved
bject must survive over its system’s lifetime.
Authenticity Assurance: A future consumer may require

the accessed information to be trustworthy.

Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture

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Digital Preservation as a Problem (2/2)

Provenance: A future consumer may require information concerning

the origins of the object.

Dealing with Obsolescence: Digital objects should be able to be

exploited independently of any technological context (ideally…).

Scalability: Digital preservation systems might be required to face

technological evolution through the addition of new components.

Heterogeneity: Digital preservation system’s components should be

heterogeneous due to technology disruption.

Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture

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Approaching Problems

Systems Engineering Enterprise Architecture Risk Management

Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture

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(http://grito.intraneia.pt) – National project – Exclusive storage clusters (dedicated to digital preservation) – Extended storage clusters (using surplus resources of computing clusters) SHAMAN - Sustaining Heritage Access through Multivalent ArchiviNg (http://shaman-ip.eu/shaman) – European project – Three domains of focus: memory institutions, engineering and e-Science – Strong focus on authenticity and integrity – Definition of frameworks and architectures for digital preservation

Common ground: use of data grids (massive data sets, file management, user management, networking etc.)

Context

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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A reference architecture presents a way of recording a specific body of knowledge, with the purpose of making it available for further practical reuse. According to the ANSI/IEEE Std. 1471-2000: architecture is ”the fundamental organization of a system,

embodied in its components, their relationships to each

ther and the environment, and the principles governing its

design and evolution”

Therefore, a reference architecture for digital preservation must provide a way to capture the knowledge in the domain, so that it can be instantiated in concrete architectures for real system implementations!

Reference Architecture – The concept

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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Architecture «reference architecture» SHAMAN «framework» Viewpoints «architecture» Domains «architecture» M emory «architecture» Industrial «architecture» e-Science «system » Im plementations «system » M emory «system» Industrial «system» e-Science «references» Input + Motivation and Goals + Requirements «references» Related Work + Relevant Specifications + Relevant Standards + Relevant Technologies «reference model» OAIS considers constrained by constrained by constrained by use accounts for guided by depends derived accounts for

SHAMAN RA

Initial global view (1/2)

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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Architecture «reference architecture» SHAMAN «framework» Viewpoints «architecture» Domains «architecture» Memory «architecture» Industrial «architecture» e-Science «system» Implementations «system» Mem ory «system» Industrial «system» e-Science «references» Input + Motivation and Goals + Requirements «references» Related Work + Relevant Specifications + Relevant Standards + Relevant T echnologies «reference model» OAIS considers constrained by constrained by constrained by use accounts for guided by depends derived accounts for

The SHAMAN

DoW

The initial work…
…
SOA…
TRAC

criteria…

Generic focus (a model based on generic requirements and assumptions…).

SHAMAN RA

Initial global view (22)

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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SHAMAN RA

Information Lifecycle (1/2)

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The digital preservation system The interfaces

f the digital

preservation system The context of the business

SHAMAN RA

Information Lifecycle (2/2)

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Vulnerabilities Process Software Faults Software Obsolescence Data Media Faults Media Obsolescence Infrastructure Hardware Faults Hardware Obsolescence Communication Faults Network Service Failures Threats Disasters Natural Disasters Human Operational Errors Attacks External Attacks Internal Attacks Management Organizational Failures Economic Failures Business Requirements Legal Requirements Stakeholders’ Requirements

From the lifecycle context

A taxonomy of vulnerabilities and threats to digital preservation (1/2)

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Vulnerabilities Process Software Faults Software Obsolescence T T . . . . Data Media Faults Media Obsolescence T T . . . . Infrastructure Hardware Faults Hardware Obsolescence Communication Faults Network Service Failures T T T T .

. c . Threats Disasters Natural Disasters Human Operational Errors . t . O C . Attacks External Attacks Internal Attacks t t

C c Management Organizational Failures Economic Failures . . O O . c Business Requirements Legal Requirements Stakeholders’ Requirements . . .

C

From the lifecycle context

A taxonomy of vulnerabilities and threats to digital preservation (2/2)

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Technology + Organization + Context = Enterprise Architecture

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Technology +Organization +Context =Enterprise Architecture

http://www.zachmaninternational.com/index.php/the-zachman- framework “The Zachman Framework is not a methodology for creating the implementation (an instantiation) of the object. The Zachman Framework is the ontology for describing the Enterprise. The Framework (ontology) is a STRUCTURE whereas a methodology is a PROCESS. “

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TOGAF - The Open Group Framework

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TOGAF overview

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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The SHAMAN Reference Architecture

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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he SHAMAN Reference Architecture Part 1 – Framework, which describes the architectural framework and respective viewpoints; he SHAMAN Reference Architecture Part 2 – Process, which describes the process for the development of preservation architectures derived from the Reference Architecture; he SHAMAN Reference Architecture Part 3 – Foundations, which describes the foundations of this work and provides references for the instantiation of concrete architectures; he SHAMAN Reference Architecture Part 4 – Glossary, which contains definitions for the main terms used in this Reference Architecture.

The SHAMAN Reference Architecture

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Viewpoint Framework

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Structural View

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Requirements and Conformance Preservation Strategic Planning Preservation principle Constraint Assum ption Requirement Gap Principle Business Governance Acting and Operation System Building and Support

System Building and Support Acting and Operation Business Governance Technology Applications Data Organization Unit Actor Role Function Preservation Process Preservation Driver Goal Objective Measure Event Service Quality Contract Preservation Service Data Entity Application Component Technology Component Platform Service Policy Strategy governs

rchestrates

applies to applies to meets governs motivates creates adresses realises sets criteria performs

rchestrates

tracked against generates, resolves assumed by resolves consumes, supplies processed by

perates on

supplies, consumes implements implemented on implemented on implements governs is according to sets sets determines generated, resolved

Architectural Meta-model

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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Requirements and Conformance Preservation Strategic Planning Preservation principle Constraint Assum ption Requirem ent Gap Principle Business Governance Acting and Operation System Building and Support

System Building and Support Acting and Operation Business Governance T echnology Applications Data Organization Unit Actor Role Function Preservation Process Preservation Driver Goal Objective M easure Event Service Quality Contract Preservation Service Data Entity Application Com ponent Technology Com ponent Platform Service Policy Strategy governs

rchestrates

applies to applies to m eets governs m otivates creates adresses realises sets criteria perform s

rchestrates

tracked against generates, resolves assum ed by resolves consum es, supplies processed by

perates on

supplies, consum es im plem ents im plem ented on im plem ented on im plem ents governs is according to sets sets determines generated, resolved

…moving from an informal way of expressing (OAIS Reference Model Figure F-1: Composite of Functional Entities)… … to a more appropriately formal, traceable and

bjectively represented

meta-model… Moving beyond

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4. System Building and Support
1. Preservation

Strategic Planning Requirements and Conformance 4.2. Applications

5. Architecture

Realization

3. Acting and

Operation

2. Business

Governance 4.1. Data 4.3. Technology

The process

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Modelling examples (1/4)

UML

pkg oais OAIS Management Consumer Producer Administration Data Management Access Archival Storage Preservation Planning Ingest Media (from Archival Storage) Database (from Data Management) SIP «flow» Descriptive Inform ation «flow» DIP «flow» AIP «flow» AIP «flow» Descriptive Information «flow»

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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Modelling examples (2/4)

BPMN

BPMN OAIS Core BP «BusinessProcess» Ingest «BusinessProcess» Ingest «BusinessProcess» Data management «BusinessProcess» Data management «BusinessProcess» Preservation Planning «BusinessProcess» Preservation Planning «BusinessProcess» Archival Storage «BusinessProcess» Archival Storage «BusinessProcess» Administration «BusinessProcess» Administration «BusinessProcess» Access «BusinessProcess» Access

AIP «flow» Descriptive Inform ation «flow» Descriptive Inform ation «flow» AIP «flow»

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Modelling examples (1/4)

UML

act Ingest Activity «structured» Coordinate updates «structured» Generate AIP Archival storage Data Management Administration Ingest Producer Submit SIP :SIP Receive submission check SIP Quality assurance :QA results Report to request? Report request Generate report :Report Request audit? Audit request Generate audit report Generate AIP :Audit report :AIP Generate descriptive info :Descriptive info Storage request Database update request Receive Data Receive descriptive info Database update confirmation Storage confirmation [true] [false] [true] Resubm it request [errors?] [true] [false]

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Modelling examples (4/4)

BPMN

BPMN Ingest «Group» Co-ordinate updates «Group» Generate AIP «Pool» Archival storage «Pool» Ingest «Pool» Administration «Pool» Data management S IP Receive S IP from P rod ucer Che ck S IP e rro rs Re sub m it req u est Q uality a ssuran ce Q uality a ssu ra nce results Rep ort re que st? S e nd rep ort req ue st Re ceive re po rt re qu est Ge ne ra te rep ort S e nd re po rt Rece ive re p ort A ud it re qu est? Rep o rt rece ive d S end a udit re po rt re qu est Re ceive au d it rep ort re qu est Ge n era te a ud it re po rt S e nd a ud it rep ort A ud it rep o rt receive d Receive a ud it re port Ge ne ra te A IP G e nera te d escri ptive in fo S en d da ta base up da te re q ue st S en d sto rag e req ue st Rece ive da ta b ase up d ate req uest Up date d atab ase S e nd d a ta ba se u pd ate con firm ati on Data ba se u pda te co n firm a tio n rece ive d Receive sto ra ge re q uest S to re A IP S e nd sto ra ge confirm atio n S to ra ge con firm a tio n re ceived In ge st co nfirm a tio n Report A IP Descriptive in fo A u dit re po rt ye s n o ye s no ha s errors n o erro rs

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Deployment example

ESB Policy : Description

Process Modeling T

Process Execution Language Generator Service Orchestration Data Grid Database Legacy Digital Library System Service

wrapper SOAP/REST over HT TP Services Processes ex: iRODS, ... ex: Oracle, M ySQL, ... ex: DSPACE, Kopal, ... ex: Search & Browse Integration Service, ... ex: JBOSS jBPM, Apache ODE, ... ex: Enterprise Architect, Eclipse BPMN, XM L Editor, T ext Editor... Processes : Specification ex: BPM N, AGWL, UML Activity Diagram s, Petri net, DAG... Process Execution Language : Specification ex: BPEL, C-GWL, jPDL, ... ex: T ext, MS Word, PDF, XM L, ... «flow» «flow» «flow» «flow» «flow» «flow»

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Conclusions

Digital preservation is a very complex problem!!!

Therefore:

We surveyed the main requirements to digital preservation and

classified the threats and vulnerabilities that might endanger preservation using a taxonomy of threats and vulnerabilities.

We propose the alignment of OAIS with the Enterprise

Architecture

We propose a process “inspired” by TOGAF to develop create

preservation architectures.

Aligning OAIS with the Enterprise Architecture

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Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa

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