Agriculture in China and Cooperative Prospect with Pakistan Prof. Li - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Agriculture in China and Cooperative Prospect with Pakistan Prof. Li Huishang Agricultural Information Institute/Center for International Agricultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Karachi, 2 March 2019

Outline 1 Agricultural Development and Scientific Achievements in China 2 China-Pakistan Agricultural Cooperation Opportunities Under CPEC 3 Perspectives for China-Pakistan Agricultural Cooperation

1 、 Agricultural Development and Scientific Achievements in China 1 ） Agriculture Transformation —— a brief review of 40 years’ progress 2 ） Agricultural Technology Progress and Innovation

China’s Transformation in the Global Scope 1978 -2017  Achieving self-sufficiency of grains ， using less than 10% of world’s arable land to feed nearly 20% of world’s population.  Poverty ratio reduced from 97.5% to 3.1% in the rural area, lifting 740 million out of poverty, accounting for 70% of poverty population reduced in the world.  Ending hunger and improving nutrition , malnutrition population reduced 15.2 percentage point 1990-2017, accounting for 75% of undernourished population reduced in the world.

Rural Reform Experience in China 1978 1992 2015 2018 Establishing the Further institutional Rural revitalization Household contract market system for reform in agriculture strategy responsibility system agro-products and rural areas

Agricultural Output Value in China 1978-2017  Output value of primary industry rises to $948.8 billion in 2017.  Primary Industry takes up 7.9% of GDP in 2017 compared with 28.2% in 1978. SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics of China

Net Income and Engel Coefficient of Rural Households 1978- 2017 Per capita net income of 01 rural households climbs to $ 2167.9 in 2018. Engel Coefficient of urban 02 and rural households have been both declining to 30% and under. SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics of China

Grain Production in China 1978-2017 A consecutive growth of 13 years in total grain production since 2004, reaching a historical high at 661.6 million tons in 2017. Yield per ha. reached at 5,621 kg in 2018, more than doubled compared with the figure in 1978. SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics of China

Livestock Production in China 1979-2017  Production of meat, milk and poultry eggs rises substantially in the past decades.  In 2017, the figures are 86.5, 31.5 and 31.0 m tons , respectively. Particularly, meat production is over 8 times as much as that in 1979. SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics of China

Fruits & Vegetables Production in China 1978-2017  The planting area of fruits steadily increased from 1.7 m to 11.1 m hectares from 1978- 2017 and that of vegetables increased from 3.3 m to 20.0 m hectares .  The production of fruit climbed to 252.4 m tons in 2017 and that of vegetables increased to 797.8 m tons in 2016. The period of 2002 to 2012 witnesses a sharp rise. SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics of China

National strategy and policy A support Market-oriented institutional B reform Driving Factors Improved infrastructure and C increase agricultural inputs Progress in agricultural science D and technology

2 ） Agricultural Technology Progress and Innovation in China The history of agricultural development is a history of agricultural technology progress and innovation Modern Primitive Traditional Bio-chemical Traditional Biotechnology, ICT, High input, high yield, Slash-and-burn Farming with human smart equipment, cultivation with extensive use of power and animal resource efficiency primitive production chemical fertilizers and power tools pesticides

Agricultural Technology Progress and Innovation in China Technology is the key to green and high quality  The contribution rate of development in agriculture. technology progress to agricultural growth reached 57.5% in 2018.  Domestic crop varieties are grown on 95% of crop fields in China.  Mechanization level for 27% 52% 57.5% tillage, sowing and harvesting of major crops reached 67% in 1979 2011 2018 2017.

Crop Biotechnology and Breeding Green Supper Rice (GSR)  Extension area: 6 million ha. in China and 2.1 million ha. overseas.  65 inbred and hybrid varieties released in 17 African and Asian countries, including 12 varieties in Pakistan.  Nature: Genomic variation in 3,010 diverse accessions 14.1 Ton/Ha (2011), Water saving 30% of Asian cultivated rice.

Crop Biotechnology and Breeding Novel wheat germplasm created through distant hybridization with Agropyron Cristatum Wheat-Agropyron Novel wheat germplasm features big Cristatum derivated spikes, multiple seeds and heavier lines thousand grain weight

Crop Biotechnology and Breeding Transgenic Insect-resistant Cotton  Over 300 transgenic insect- resistant cotton varieties released and adopted by farmers in China.  Accumulative extension area 45 million ha., planted in 95% of cotton fields in China.  Zhongmian 41, first Bt and CpTI transgenic cotton in China.  Zhongmian 44 at the demonstration station in High yield & environmental friendly Pesticide application reduced 100, 000 tons Kyrgyzstan yields 60% higher than local varieties.

Green Plant Protection Green Technologies and Products  ICT and big data technologies are widely applied in pest and disease control programs, establishing platforms for real time monitoring, remote diagnosis, early warning and rapid response.  Technology breakthrough in Trichogramma Trichogramma ATaiLing 阿泰灵 Integrated Pest plant innate immune Management response reduction and Used as a biological The first biological Combining biological RNA interference. agent to control pests protein pesticides, control, physical  Integration of biological, that damage rice, works as a vaccine for control and agricultural physical and chemical maize and other crops plant control measures in green plant protection.

Animal Disease Prevention and Control Vaccines Research & Development  Animal vaccines effectively controlled PRRS, Avian Influenza, and Newcastle Disease in China and overseas.  New immuno-adjuvants technologies increased the * Trichogramma efficacy of vaccines by 10 The bivalent H5/H7 inactivated vaccines developed by the folds. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have stopped  Rapid and high-throughput the prevalence of highly pathogenic H7N9 viruses among pathogen detection, poultry, also cut off its transmission to human. monitoring and diagnosis technologies are widely applied.

Smart Agriculture Smart agriculture is the smart management of the agricultural system to increase food production in an environment-friendly way. Information Acquisition Internet of Things Big Data Platform Intelligent Management of Smart Orchard Precision Agriculture Veterinary Drugs

2. Agricultural Cooperation Opportunities Under CPEC

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC ) China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a framework of regional connectivity. CPEC Vision & Mission  Integrated Transport & IT systems including Road, Rail, Port, Air and Data Communication Channels  Energy cooperation  Spatial layout, functional zones, industries and industrial parks  Agricultural development & poverty alleviation  Tourism cooperation & people to people communication  Cooperation in livelihood areas  Financial cooperation  Human Resource Development 21

CPEC as a Signature Project of the Belt and Road Initiative B&R aims to improve ‘five connectivity’ The 21 st century marine silk road The silk road economic belt Pakistan is the only ‘All -weather China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Strategic Cooperative Partner’ with China

The Long Term Plan for CPEC (2017-2030) Priorities in Agricultural Development and Poverty Alleviation  Post-harvest handling, storage and  Upgrading agricultural infrastructure transportation and marketing and  Water-saving modern agricultural sales of agricultural products zones  Water resources management for  Drip irrigation technology pastoral areas and desert,  Crop farming, livestock breeding, application of remote sensing forestry, food growing, aquatic and technology  Production and support services for fishery pesticides, fertilizer, machinery 23

China-Pakistan Comparative Advantages for Agricultural Cooperation Continuous improvement of Advanced agricultural researches the agricultural production and development system to system strengthen production abilities High demand for agro- Abundant land and labor products of prime quality resources brought by the improvement of people's living standards Good foundation for rice Complete agricultural production and animal education and extension products systems