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Ancient China Geography China has large mountain ranges. China - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Ancient China Geography China has large mountain ranges. China - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Ancient China Geography China has large mountain ranges. China has large deserts. China has large rivers. Natural barriers like mountains, rivers and deserts have isolated China and it has developed without many outside influences. The 1 st
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China has large mountain ranges.
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China has large deserts.
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China has large rivers.
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Natural barriers like mountains, rivers and deserts have isolated China and it has developed without many outside influences.
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The 1st Chinese civilization began along the Huang He (Yellow River) around 2000BC.
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Shang Dynasty
1766 BC
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Shang kings were responsible for religious activities. They believed the gods put them in power. They let relatives rule
- ther parts of their
empire.
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Shang Kings defended their lands from Zhou nomads from the North & West.
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They believed you should respect your
- ancestors. They would worship their ancestors
who would then bring them good fortune.
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Oracle Bones
Messages Shang kings asked the gods scratched
- n bones or shells.
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Pictographs were a simple of writing based on drawings that represented words or ideas. Chinese had over 10,000 characters! This writing system was able to unify such a large country with many people & languages.
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Zhou Dynasty
1027BC
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Dynastic Cycle
- 1. Mandate of
Heaven = people believe the new dynasty has the god’s approval.
- 2. The dynasty’s
power grows weak.
- 3. Disaster: floods,
Famines, war.
- 4. Dynasty lost god’s
Approval.
- 5. Dynasty
- verthrown
- 6. New dynasty
restores peace.
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The Time of the Warring States
A period of invasion from northern nomads and internal family fighting.
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Chinese Philosophy
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Philosophy
= a logical study of basic truths about knowledge.
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Chinese Philosophies ask the questions:
How can we be at peace? How can we be in proper order?
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3 different answers:
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Legalism
Powerful government & strict rules lead to peace & order. Believed people are evil, & only do good if forced
- to. Hard punishments will make people obey.
If the obey, they will find peace in the land.
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Confucianism = proper respect
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Confucius
551-479 BC
Taught & believed that proper respect, a code
- f conduct (behavior),
was the key to peace in society. He wrote his ideas in a book called the “Analects.”
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“Don’t do to
- thers
what you don’t want them to do to you.”
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The Five Relationships
Father & Son Elder Brother & Younger Brother Husband & Wife Friend & Friend Ruler & Subject
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Confucius believed that by following ideas of proper behavior & respect in each relationship that people would experience peace.
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Daoism
The way to peace is to be at peace with Nature.
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Daoism was developed by Laozi, “Old Master” around 500BC. This philosophy is written in a book called the “Daodejing” (=“The Book of the Way of Virtue”)
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Dao (the Way) was a force that guides all
- things. All things, but humans, are in harmony
(agreement)with this force. Each person must find his own way to be at peace with nature. Then later he will be at peace with people.
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The symbol of Daoism was the Yin-Yang. Yin = dark, mysterious, cold Yang = warm, bright, light It is a symbol of two different things that interact with each other in rhythm. The forces complement (=work well to) each other.
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These 3 Chinese philosophies would influence how rulers of China controlled their lands.