Advertising The Dream The Great American Desert In The Late 19 th - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Advertising The Dream The Great American Desert In The Late 19 th - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 14, 2023 258 likes •711 views

Advertising The Dream The Great American Desert In The Late 19 th Century Homestead Act Of 1862 160 Acres Of Free Land If You Were A U.S. Citizens Or Had Declared Your Intention And To Become A Citizen Built A Home And

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Advertising The Dream

The “Great American Desert” In The Late 19th Century

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Homestead Act Of 1862

  • 160 Acres Of Free Land

If…

And

  • You Were A U.S. Citizens
  • Or Had Declared Your Intention

To Become A Citizen

And

  • Built A Home And Lived On The

Land For 5 Years

Then

  • Improved The Land
  • The Land Was Given To The

Homesteader!!

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Pacific Railway Act 1862

 Created The Union

Pacific Railroad Company

 Authorized The

Construction Of A Transcontinental Railroad

 Provided Millions Of

Acres In Land Grants To Railroads

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How To Populate The West

Many Feared The Population Of The U.S. Was Not Sufficient To Sustain The Agricultural And Industrial Designs Of The West Railroad Men Lobbied To Create A Strategy To Pursue Immigrants And Wanted Government Support

So…

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Act To Encourage Immigration 1864

Established: The Federal Commissioner Of Immigration Created: The Superintendent Of Immigration For New York City Provided: Information To Immigrants About Opportunities

  • The Homestead Act
  • Work With Railroads And Shipping

Companies To Provide Transportation

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First Objective Of Promoters

Overcome The Stigma Attached To The Geography

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Stephen Long

 Coined the term

“Great American Desert” in 1820 while

  • n a Government

funded expedition

 Claimed the area was:

“almost wholly unfit for cultivation, and of course uninhabitable by people depending upon agriculture for subsistence”

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Years Of Literature, Guidebooks, And Reports Continued To Label The Region As A “Wasteland”

Introduction To A Popular Book Titled The English Family Robinson By Captain Mayne Reid,1852

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Outlines of Modern Geography: On A New Plan Carefully Adapted For Youth, 1826

 Listed the “Great American Desert” as

the 5th largest desert in the world!!

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Image Makeover

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The Upper Great Plains The Central Great Plains

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  • “The Winters Are Short, Dry, And Pleasant”
  • “At The Close Of February We Are

Reminded By A Soft Gentle Breeze From The South, That Winter Is Gone”

  • “During The Summer There Is Always A

Cool, Refreshing Breeze, Which Makes Even The Hottest Days And Nights Pleasant And Delightful”

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Rai Rain F n Fol

  • llo

lows ws Th The Pl e Plow

  • Theory: Plowing The Soil Released Moisture

Into The Air That Would Then Fall Back To Earth As Rain

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Does It?

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Rai Railr lroads

  • ads Cr

Creat eate e Rai Rain

  • Theory: The Speed Of The Railroad Cars

Created Air Currents, Resulting In Electrical Atmospheric Conditions That Produced Rain

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 “Immigration has almost

ceased, and the present unsettled condition of Europe, tending to a general war on that continent, should invite, on our part, the adoption of the most liberal policy, which will induce the immigrant to seek a home here.”

Congressman John Potter, Head of the Committee for Public Lands, 1862.

Markets to Advertise In

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 “ „Serfs’ were beaten both at work and at home for the merest

  • trifle. It is unbelievable how men could thus torture their fellows!

Every farmer had first to do his dues at the manor house, whether with his team or on foot. Only then could he work his

  • wn land, sowing and reaping at night. No excuse as to pressing

needs at home was of any use. If one did not appear as

  • rdered, at once the overseer would come. If he found the wife

busy cooking he would throw a pail of water on the fire, or in winter would carry off the windows or the doors.”

Excerpt: Jan Slomka, From Serfdom to Self-Government: Memoirs of a Polish Village Mayor, 1842-1927 trans. William John Rose, (London: Minerva Publishing Co.), 1941.

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Alsace-Lorraine after annexation in Franco-Prussian War

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English Germans Scandinavians

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Land Agents

Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad (English and Scottish) Santa Fe Railroad (Germans) Great Northern Railroad (Scandinavians)

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How To Relay Important Information

The 8th Wonder Of The World Transatlantic Telegraph Completed In 1866

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Railroads Often Employed “Trusted” Individuals Such As Clergy gy, Doctor

  • rs, Or

Profess ssio iona nals From The Country They Were Targeting To Write About The Opportunities Available In America

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Refunds To Land Buyers

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Branding

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Used Picture Books

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Conclusion

 Population Data Suggests A Large Influx Of

Immigrants To The Great Plains

Foreign Born Population 1860 Foreign Born Population 1880

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5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Dakotas: Foreign Born 34% Wyoming: Foreign Born 39% Montana: Foreign Born 39%

1860 Total Poulation 1870 Total Population Foreign Born Population In 1870

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50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 Nebraska: Foreign Born 25% Kansas: Foreign Born 13%

Chart Title

1860 Total Population 1870 Total Population Foreign Born Population in 1870

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Native Born 402,481 Foreign Born 94,528 1870

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  • Transcontinental

And Transatlantic Telegraph

  • Government

Support

  • Conditions In

European Countries

  • Targeted

Marketing To Specific Groups

Focused Advertising On Groups Most Likely To Come To The United States, Spending Large Amounts Of Money Restricted Land Ownership, Social, Economic, And Political Barriers Ability To Communicate Across Long Distances The Homestead Act, Pacific Railway Act, An Act To Encourage Immigration

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Annual Budgets Dedicated To Marketing In Foreign Countries Union Pacific (1871) $300,000 (equivalent to over $5.4 million today) The Burlington Railroad (1872) $500,000 (equivalent to over $9 million today)

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