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Advanced concepts for particle acceleration, beam diagnostics and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Advanced concepts for particle acceleration, beam diagnostics and novel sources of coherent radiation Prof I.V. Konoplev John Adams Institute, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Seminar at University of Chicago, 10 Nov

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Seminar at University of Chicago, 10 Nov 2015, A. Seryi, JAI 1

Advanced concepts for particle acceleration, beam diagnostics and novel sources of coherent radiation

Prof I.V. Konoplev John Adams Institute, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Seminar at University of Chicago, 10 Nov 2015, A. Seryi, JAI 2

Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

  • Education:

1990-1994: B.Sc. in Physics (First Class, Distinction) Nizhny Novgorod State University, Russia 1994-1996: M.Sc. in Physics of Plasmas and High-Power RF (First class, Distinction) Nizhny Novgorod State University & Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Russia 1996-1997: M.Phil. in Physics University of Strathclyde (UK) & Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science (Russia) 1997- 2001: Ph.D. in Physics: “Free-Electron Maser with two-dimensional distributed feedback” University of Strathclyde (UK)

Introduction

Oka Volga Oka Volga

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Glasgow, Scotland, UK Oxford, UK

  • Research Appointments:

02/2001 – 02/2003: Research Assistant, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde (HP, 2D FEM) 02/2003 – 04/2005: Research Fellow, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde (HP, 2D FEM) 04/2005 – 09/2011: Senior Research Fellow, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde (RF Pulse compression; HP, 2D FEM) 09/2011 – 01/2013: University Lecturer of Accelerator Science, Department of Physics, University of Oxford (cSPr) 01/2013 – present: Associate Professor of Accelerator Science, Department of Physics, University of Oxford (cSPr, UH-FLUX, Medical LINAC)

Introduction

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  • The JAI's mission is to work with other national (UK) and

international accelerator laboratories and institutes, to promote and develop accelerator science. The main

  • bjectives of John Adams Institute are:

– To train a new generation of accelerator scientists and engineers – To disseminate knowledge about the benefits of accelerator technology to a wide community through outreach projects – To develop novel and advanced accelerator technologies for particle physics and other applications – Commercialisations of the applied accelerator technologies (medical, energy etc.) – To make major contributions to the design and development of new accelerator facilities for particle and nuclear physics – To develop new: scientific facilities such as new light and neutron sources; synergy and collaborations with PP and NP teams

At John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

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Advanced concepts for particle acceleration, beam diagnostics and novel sources of coherent radiation

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LINAC-FEL Research at UH

  • 1. Linac: up to 45MeV, train 1-2ps bunches by with period 350ps, 60pC, s^ »100µm
  • 2. UH FEL and IC to generate x-ray (106 photons per second phase 1 and 1011

photons in phase 2)

2.865GHz ~10keV Thermionic cathode

with and without feed forward stabilisation system

3µm

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Outline

(1) cSPr single shot non-destructive bunch profile and microbunching monitor (sub-ps, fs resolution) (2) SRF Dual axis asymmetric cavity for ERL (3) Robust LINAC for RT Cancer treatment (X-ray bulb) (4) Generation of coherent EM fields mediated periodic structures (5) Laser plasma interaction: high intensity B fields; microbunching

  • Appl. Phys. Lett., 113, 243503 (2018)
  • Phys. Rev. AB, 19, 083502 (2016)
  • Phys. Rev. AB, 20, 103501 (2017)

Scientific Reports, 6, 36139 (2016) Plasma Phys. Control. Fus., 60, 075012 (2018)

  • Phys. Rev. ST AB, 17, 052802 (2014)
  • Phys. Rev. AB, 19, 032801 (2016)
  • Appl. Phys. Lett., 111, 043505 (2017)
  • Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 053501 (2018)

Clinical Oncology, 31, pp.352-355 (2019) https://cerncourier.com/a/developing- medical-linacs-for-challenging-regions/

  • Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 141106 (2013)
  • Phys. of Plasmas, 25 (4), 043111 (2018)
  • Phys. Rev. Appl., 11 (3), 034034 (2019)
  • J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 53, 105501 (2020)

HP tunable cSPr THz radiation sources for society

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Microbunched beam monitoring and bunch profiling using coherent radiation spectrum analysis

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Coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (cSPr)

z x q

y

÷ ÷ ø ö ç ç è æ q

  • b

= l cos 1 m !

Dispersion relation links radiated wavelength and observation angle q

  • bserver

e-bunch

x0 Electron beam Metallic grating Planar 1D periodic structure

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Experimental data

Frequency (THz)

Spectrum measurements Experiments at LUCX, KEK facility (<100pC, ~8MeV, 1-2ps long bunches)

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Single-shot monitor: Concept

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Multi-grating layout

  • Background radiation is subtracted via polarisation measurements and

analysis

  • Gratings will be longitudinally spaced to avoid geometry problems
  • Rotated around azimuthal angle to reduce length of the apparatus
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Single-shot design

Experimental data and punch profile from FACET, SLAC, USA

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Distance between 2 micro-bunches

0.3THz Experimental set-up Theoretical concept

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Experimental data (KEK)

If we assume the conservation of the initial separation (black dotted line). The red line is the experimental data.

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Experimental data: step two

To draw theoretical curve (black line) the model has to be adjusted :

Position of the individual bunch in respect with the wave Change of the single micro-bunch energy

Distance between micro-bunches

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High Current Asymmetric Energy Recovery Linac

UH-FLUX project

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Accelerating section Decelerating section Cryo-module Magneto-optical system Interaction point X-ray, EUV/THz

~5m ~2m High Current ERLs: for light sources and isotope production, high-energy nuclear physics and high-energy particle physics

UH-FLUX project

Scientific Impact:

~0.6m ~0.5m

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! = 1.300144 )*+ ! = 1.279688 )*+ ! = 1.099712 )*+

Parasitic asymmetric mode

UH-FLUX: AERL 7 Cell cavity

Results observed using CST- Microwave studio Operating mode Coupling bridge mode

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UH-FLUX: AERL

  • Aim

– To surpass any existing designs of ERL in the e-beam current handling capabilities and footprint

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Scaled down prototype of the cavity

7 cells cavity: 3- accelerating; 3 decelerating and coupling cavity

Accelerating section Decelerating section

Bead pull RF measurements test bench VNA Bead pull pillars

7 cells asymmetric cavity made from 2 blocks of solid aluminium

Resonant coupler

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HOMs measurements

The RF coupler is located on one axis (active) while the field measurements are conducted on both axes Red line active axis Blue line passive axis HOMs localisation at one or another axis

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14 first HOMs and the Bridge mode

centre of the bridge

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Cavity optimisation

TT&LL cavity LL&TT+LL cavity TT&LL+TT cavity

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Surface periodic structures for particle acceleration and THz radiation generation

UH-FLUX project

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Research –overview

High impedance surface all metal structures for wakefield acceleration (All Metal Wakefield Accelerator AMWA) and generation of HP coherent THz radiation

Coherent EM fields mediated by 2D PSL

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– Develop tuneable (0.1THz to 3THz) sources of high power (up to 10kW) THz radiation for medical, industrial applications and security – Develop high power mm sources of coherent radiation for Radar, security and research

High Power MM and sub-MM sources of coherent radiation

Research –overview

2D surface lattice

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Concept of tuneable THz radiation source

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Industrial application

Application in Ultra-High Intensity source of coherent radiation THz Application: security Quality and contents control

>50% of advanced composite materials

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Commercial Opportunities

THz Application: Produce radiation at high power (up to 1MW) from 0.1 THz to 10 THz No company can currently produce high power THz in this range, therefore a unique product. Markets:

  • Cargo Screening: The World Market for Explosives, Weapons,

and Contraband Detection Equipment (EWC) is estimated to be some $2.1 billion annually1

  • Replacing X-ray scanners: The global security screening market

is expected to reach $9.10 Billion by 20202

  • Non-contact imaging of coatings, composites, drug formulation

1The Market for Explosives, Weapons and Contraband (EWC) Detection Equipment – HIS Technology, 2014 Edition 2Security Screening Market - Analysis and Forecast 2013-2020 – MarketsandMarkets, 2014 Edition

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12GHz Travelling Wave accelerator for RT cancer treatment: X-Ray bulb

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12GHz Travelling Wave accelerator for RT cancer treatment

X-ray bulb

The annual global incidence of cancer is projected to rise in 2035 to 25 million cases (13 million deaths) with 65 - 70% occurring in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) where there is a severe shortfall in the availability of radiotherapy provision. Radiotherapy is an essential component of overall cancer care and provides a very effective means of curative as well as palliative treatment. Where available, it is used to treat over half of all diagnosed patients.

– Standard, well developed, high performance machines (not cheap but not expensive as well); – Modulus, with well defined life-time of each module (maintenance simplification); § Aim of the project to design and build – Robust and reliable accelerator capable of generating X-ray radiation with up to 10MeV energy an electron beam; – Compact and relatively light (up to 150kg); – External environment and handling safe;

Medical applications:

  • 1. Cancer RT treatment – refurbishment of the old Co60-machines i.e. substituting active

element with the XR-bulb.

  • 2. New generation of robust modular and accessible for all machines for cancer RT

treatment.

  • 3. New generation of X-ray diagnostics free of radioactive elements.
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Old machine refurbishment with X-ray bulb

RF feed

to cathode

Feedback from accel. Length available ~1.5m

X-ray bulb

Use new 6MW klystron as RF power supply to drive the accelerator (XR bulb) The spaces available in the old machines can be used to add functionality while maintaining the same footprint Use the same controls and diagnostics to avoid unnecessary staff retraining i.e. minimising the cost

Co60 machine has similar design

30-60cm available space

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Concept: vacuum sealed, cathode, PPM focusing and target inclusive system to generate up to 9MeV photons.

12GHz Travelling Wave accelerator (CLIC based design) for RT cancer treatment

X-ray bulb

At 11.994GHz the phase advance is 2p/3

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12GHz Travelling Wave accelerator for RT cancer treatment

Research –overview

Position z(mm) 250

0.84

Forward propagating beam efficiency 1

Beam capturing and propagating through the Linac if immersed in guiding magnetic field 0.7T

Beam “cumulative” phase space (x, gbx)

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Giga-Tesla Project

Laser/beam - plasma interaction

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Giga-Tesla project

  • Z. Lécz, I.V. Konoplev, A. Seryi, A. Andreev, “GigaGauss solenoidal magnetic field inside bubbles excited in under-dense plasma”, Scientific

Reports 6, 36139, 2016

Numerical simulations were carried out using 3D PiC software package VSim

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  • Z. Lécz, A. Andreev, I.V. Konoplev, A. Seryi, J. Smith, “Trains of electron micro-bunches in plasma wake-field acceleration”, Plasma Physics

and Controlled Fusion 60 (7), 075012, 2018;

First observation of multi-bunch self injection in a single bubble - similar to the formation of the “virtual cathode” at the tail of the bubble. Numerical simulations were carried out using 3D PiC software package VSim

Giga-Tesla project

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Research plans

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Results of UH IC experiment

Increase by order of magnitude Add beam modulation capability Reach the design power Reach the design parameters Increase by order of magnitude Reach the design parameters Work out different options to reach the design parameters

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  • Design and construct the single short cSPr monitor for profiling the

picosecond and sub-picosecond electron bunches

  • Consider cathode upgrade to increase the single bunch charge
  • Design and construct bunch micro-modulation system
  • Demonstrate capability to measure the microbunches and train of

microbunches

  • High-Power tuneable (0.1THz-10THz) cSPr source
  • Continue experiments with FEL driven IC scattering to generate X-rays
  • Experiments with EM FEL based on periodic structures
  • Demonstration of AMWA
  • Consider experiments with SRF AERL
  • Construction of SRF FEL based on SRF AERL
  • Low energy up to 8MeV Linacs for industrial and medical applications

(X-ray bulb)

Future Plans

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All Metal Wakefield Accelerator (AMWA)

driver

witness

AMWA

witness

driver

Acceleration of 0.5ps, 0.2nC witness bunch from 7MeV to 12MeV inside 24mm long 2D PSL by 2ps, 7MeV, 20nC driver beam

Time 128.7ps Time 16.2 ps Time 16.2 ps

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IC scattering using 2D periodic structures

Scattering of the standing EM field with relativistic electron beam

Continuous interaction (scattering) between electron bunch and radiation along long distance L>>l. Focal needle means that a single bunch will pass through the high intensity “focal spot” ! = 2$/& i.e. the “average scattering volume” ~ 2l2 L

“Scattering volume” ~l3

Conventional schema

Ez Ez kx

z x

Electron bunch

L=1000l

e-bunch

1/ EM field transparent structure is used with 2D periodic surface lattice on the inner side 2/ PSL is pumped by an external source of radiation which can be incoherent 3/ PSL operates as a cavity accumulating the EM energy 4/ Relativistic electron beam is used to observe standing wave scattering

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FEL based on RF undulator

There are Bz and Ej field components which may lead to similar motion as observed in undulator. !′#$ = &(!#$ + )×+) Challenge: to pump strong field to drive the oscillations.

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Conclusion

  • I introduced my self
  • We discussed research projects

– cSPr monitor and generation of THz radiation – UH FLUX project – X-ray bulb for medical applications – Novel ideas from beam plasma interaction

  • and their relevance to the UH Linac
  • We looked at the societal impact of the research
  • We looked at some specific examples of the projects which can be

driven by the UH Linac

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Thank you