Administration • Reading assignment Computing and the • Supplementary Readings Developing World CSEP 590B, Spring 2008 • Authentication Lecture 3 - Telemedicine – User: csep590b – Password: student Richard Anderson Today’s class Highlights from Lecture 2 • Kiosk Summary • Internet connectivity • High Bandwidth, High Latency Internet • Kiosk Applications – Data Muling – Financial Contribution • Telemedicine – Social Impact • Wireless Long Distance Internet • Case studies • Viability of Kiosks – Income generation too low Kiosk Summary Remote Internet Access • Holy Grail of ICTD • Technology Questions – Method of Connection • Two fundamentally different cases – Level of service – Build down from economic viability • Bandwidth, Latency, Reliability • Akshaya – Cost – Build up from nothing • LinkNet • What are the connectivity demands of different applications
Can the internet create rural Traditional Crafts business opportunities? Marketing • Is a “direct from the village” internet based traditional craft business viable? Why or why not. LUMS UW MS Technology Case Studies Sneaker Net • What is the bandwidth of a single DVD carried between Africa and the US? LUMS UW MS DakNet System model • MIT Media Lab, First Mile Solutions, • Vehicle has “Mobile Access Point” United Villages • Kiosk has wireless access • Ideas • When vehicle in range of kiosk, data is – High latency connectivity sufficient for many exchanged applications • Cost and power are low – Vehicle based transport • Leverage existing transportation routes • Rely on regularly scheduled transport – Automatic wireless data transfer
Orissa Pilot, Busses Cambodia Pilot • Advantages of public busses • Internet connectivity for AAfc/JRF schools – 250 schools with computers – Pilot for 15 schools • Motor scooters used to carry MAPs • Costs • Disadvantages of public busses – 15 schools with VSAT: USD 260,376 – DakNet to share 1 VSAT: USD 39,979 KioskNet Full system deployment • S. Keshav, University of Waterloo • Kiosks • Minimum cost kiosk – Low cost computers with Kiosk Controller • Target: $100 PC (aka recycled PC) • Ferries • Address – Mechanical Backhaul – Low cost • Gateway – Low power • Proxy – Recycled PCs • Legacy Server – Minimum maintenance – Connectivity Kiosk Summary Technical Challenges Open issues • Implementation of Delay Tolerant • If you could fund a Kiosk Research Project Networks (DTN), Integration with services what is the problem you would have the project investigate? • Security model, Public Key Infrastructure • Support boot from Kiosk Controller • Maintenance – Secure software update integrated with data ferry LUMS UW MS
The Challenge of Telemedicine Tiered Health Care • Teaching Hospitals • Regional Hospitals • District Hospitals • Health Centers • Health Post Important problems From the readings, what are the three most important problems addressable by ICT? (summary) 1. 1. Other problems 2. 3. 2. 4. 5. 3. 6. LUMS UW MS Telemedicine Usage models • “Telemedicine is the ability to provide interactive • Real-time healthcare utilizing modern technology and – In or outpatient specialty consultation telecommunications” – Physician supervision of non-MD Clinician • Specialist referral • Store and Forward – You have a bad sore throat – Primary care physician arranges remote consultation with – Teleradiology ENT specialist – Images scanned, direct capture, digital camera – Audio video conference with medical records available to – Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Pathology the specialist – Special equipment – nasalpharyngoscope for real time • Home Health Telemedicine imaging sent to specialist – Disease management – Facilitate scheduling and travel – Assisted Living – Primary care physician participates
Telemedicine in the developing Notable projects world • Generally considering a broader problem • Aravind Eye Hospital – How can ICT improve care in remote regions – Remote exams through mobile van • Spanning greater divides – Image based detection of diabetic retinopathy – Travel time • Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Economic differentials and Care Group Hospitals, Hyderabad, – Expertise differences India • Constraints – Network connectivity – Expert consultation – Electricity and other infrastructure – Medical education – Financial – Fiber optic and satellite communication Telemedicine Summary Upcoming Health Topics • Key questions: • Medical Records – Communication • Support for health care delivery – Off the shelf applications? • Data Collection WiFi-based Long Distance Network connectivity (again) Networks • High bandwidth, synchronous • Goal: inexpensive, high bandwidth connection • Off the shelf, 802.11 b • Low bandwidth, synchronous • Directional Antennas – Modification of MAC layer protocol • High bandwidth, asynchronous • Example projects – Digital Gangetic Plains, IIT Kanpur • Low bandwidth, asynchronous – Aravind Eye Hospital, TIER Group, Berkeley
Why 802.11? Line of Sight • Commodity hardware • Range of 10s of KM – Inexpensive broadcast – Longest range ~ 300 KM • Wimax / Cellular • Towers are a big issue – Expensive infrastructure amortized over large – Use existing buildings user base – Avoid trees! • Unlicensed spectrum Height 10 15 21 24 27 30 35 Cost 100 150 800 950 1100 1850 5000 Costs from IITK, Height in Meters, Cost in USD Technical Issues Deployment Issues • Directional antennas • Maintaining antennas and relays • Modify to support long distance – Antenna configuration – Remote equipment – Change acknowledgement protocol • Development challenges while hacking • Error detection / correction important commodity hardware issues • Relying on the network while debugging • Interference the network – Does not work well around other access points – Back channels and recovery mechanisms Overall evaluation Discussion • Aravind project demonstrates sustained • What role do you expect long distance bandwidth wireless to play in this field? • Utility in a production environment • Cost effective – because alternatives are $$$ • Link throughput 5-7Mbps at 2% loss – 256 kbps (each way) for video conferencing • Other deployments 500 kbps because of lack of clear line of sight LUMS UW MS
Next Week • Umar Saif – Rural Networking • SMS Based Applications – Warana Unwired • Homework Assignment – Design Exploration: SMS-based application
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