Adaptive Textile Technology with Adaptive Cooling and Heating (ATTACH) Lead PI: Professor Joseph Wang Co-PIs: Prof. Renkun Chen, Prof. Sungho Jin, Prof. Shirley Meng, Prof. Sheng Xu, Dr. Chulmin Choi and Irena Ilcheva ARPA-E (DELTA) - DE-AR0000535 (May 1, 2015 – April 30, 2018) DELTA Program Review, Raleigh, NC Janurary 17 th & 18 th , 2017
ATTACH – A Unique Temper erature R e Respon onsi sive T e Technology Goal: To develop an innovative and cost-effective personnel thermal management strategy by utilizing self- adaptive, temperature- or humidity-responsive shape-memory material with tunable thermal resistance, along with integrated flexible thermoelectric (TE) modules for active on-demand heating and cooling . Benefits: Comfort with minimal power consumption and at least 4°F offset in HVAC setpoint in either direction resulting in more than 15% energy savings in building HVAC systems and 2% saving in domestic energy usage and GHG emissions if widely implemented.
Passi ssive S Shape-Mem emory S Structures es & & Active F Flexible S Suppor ort Value: Our project integrates several innovative components (based on advanced responsive materials) into a flexible wearable system, for replacing the traditional cooling and heating (of the entire room space) with a localized cooling/heating on a wearable textile structure close to the person’s skin. Passive Shape-Memory Active Electronic and Structures Thermoelectric Devices • Thickness-changeable fabrics • Responsive and rapid for targeted heating or cooling • Flap-openable fabrics • Bulk thermoelectric, ZT>1 • Responsive to temperature, humidity, or both • Flexible & breathable matrix • Self-adaptive to environment • At least 8hr operation • Tunable thermal resistance • Light-weight & high-capacity • No power consumption • Flexible control circuitry Integrated Solution
Res esul ults: T Tem emper perature Adap e Adaptive e Textile e [Pas assive] e] Humidity Temperature Responsive Responsive • On cooling, fabric • Humidity near the skin rises when a gets thicker. On heating fabric gets person begins to sweat. thinner. • Relative humidity • ΔT of 10 °C induces the insert material of 70% opens flaps 1cm 2 cm within 100s. (a star structure) to change • Apparent thickness by ~2 temperature cm. (accounts for • Independent of humidity effect) dropped by 4°C humidity level. within 60s. 1cm • 2 mm change in • May be combined air gap allows with temperature ~4°C worth of energy savings. response.
Results: s: Flexible T e Thermoel elec ectric C Control [ [Active] Flexible and Breathable Flexible and Breathable Power Pack Thermo-Electric Component • Batteries, TEC, and other • Optimum configuration of circuitry required to be passive and active compliant as apparels are components has been subjected to many cycles of simulated to show a bending motion during synergistic heating/cooling service. effect. TAT+TEC TAT • Size and volume fraction of • Small temperature Ambient T pores, as well as the variations: Passive portion connectivity of pores (for can regulate body T change (deg F) air breathability) depend temperature sufficiently on ② TAT only on the synthesis materials its own. & processing. • Large temperature ① • Multiple-cell pack with variations: Passive and Skin T TAT+TEC ~80 g total weight and active components work ~1600 mAh total capacity together to maintain body Time (sec) for 8 hr operation of TEC. comfort.
Summa mmary The UC San Diego/Nano SD team has accomplished both passive and active textiles that can regulate human body temperature and save building energy. In Passive Textiles, 3 types of thermal adaptation have been demonstrated. i. Thickness-changeable dual pane fabrics, with thickness change reaching 2 cm expansion (for decreasing temperature) or contraction (for increasing temperature). Equivalent ∆ T effect of well over 4°C obtained passively. ii. Flap-openable textiles with temperature-only activation (independent of humidity level) developed with the flap- open height change in the centimeter regime. iii. Humidity-responsive flap openable textiles with ∆ T effect of well over 4°C obtained passively. In Active Textiles, thermoelectric cooler (TEC) devices with battery power pack designed for applications in which portions of apparel are constrained or the passive temperature control effect is saturated. • Mechanically compliant and air breathable matrix demonstrated, using clever circuit configurations and engineering of matrix layer materials. • A combined (TEC + TAT) structure modeled and experimentally under construction, with a proper stacking sequence identified. Individually, the benefits of the passive and active portions of the textile have been validated and the combined synergy of the two systems has been simulated. Within the next 4 months (through Q8), the integrated package will be demonstrated as well. Tech-to-Market activity is being vigorously pursued for rapid commercial applications of these technologies.
How Can D Can DELTA A & AR ARPA-E H E Help? TIMELY COMMERCIALIZATION AND MARKETING We are taking an aggressive Tech-to-Market approach and looking to accelerate the development of our system, and to align our technology closely with the market needs (to ensure that it is compatible with common textile fabrics and daily activity). Interested in: • Sponsor company/companies for ongoing research/commercialization and tech transfer. • Additional resources to support and speed integration and commercialization of the technology within NanoSD. • Additional market possibilities for passive, active, or combined systems.
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