Outline Outline • Analysis is based on 50 semi-structured interviews es? es? Social Policie Social Policie – representatives of administration on European, national and local level – representatives of European and national Social Partners – representatives of European and national Social Partners ment and S ment and S Activation Reforms in Continental and dination dination ndation, ndation, – in ‚Brussels‘, Germany, France and Italy Southern Europe – between 2005 – 2007 nal Employm nal Employm of Co-ord earch Foun of Co-ord earch Foun Impacts of the European Employment Strategy • plan of the talk rnize Nation rnize Nation Method o erman Res Method o erman Res on Exclusive Employment Regimes – What is the European Employment Strategy about? ber 2007 ber 2007 in Germany, Italy and France – Analytical approach Open M 2005-Octob Open M 2005-Octob – Striking parallels between EES and domestic reforms St iki ll l b t EES d d ti f ay to moder ed by the G ay to moder ed by the G – Mechanisms that contributed to the domestic impact of EES Sascha Zirra (Dipl.-Soz.) May 2 May 2 The Jenny Buchkremer (Dipl Soz ) Jenny Buchkremer (Dipl.-Soz.) The A wa funde A wa funde Universität Oldenburg Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 1 Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 2 What is the EES? What is the EES? What are the goals of the EES? What are the goals of the EES? – equal opportunities on the labor market es? es? • Attempt of European member states Attempt of European member states Social Policie Social Policie • increase labor market participation of all groups of society • increase labor market participation of all groups of society • include all those able to work into the regular labor market – to agree on and to reach common European goals in employment policy, • reduce gender, age and education specific inequalities as well as regional disparities regional disparities ment and S ment and S – to engage in transnational learning processes, dination dination ndation, ndation, – Flexicurity as key model – to initiate new form of result-oriented government. • Flexibility nal Employm nal Employm of Co-ord earch Foun of Co-ord earch Foun – make labor markets more adaptable k l b k t d t bl • Security • key instruments of this ‘Open Method of Co-ordination’ – adapt social security to cover new social risks and include all – detailed employment policy guidelines detailed employment policy guidelines citizens citizens rnize Nation rnize Nation Method o erman Res Method o erman Res ber 2007 ber 2007 • Activation • supported by quantitative and qualitative monitoring indicators – improve employability of all those able to work – National Action Plan – empowering and supporting all citizens to meet the exigencies of – empowering and supporting all citizens to meet the exigencies of Open M 2005-Octob Open M 2005-Octob ay to moder ed by the G ay to moder ed by the G • since 2005 National Reform Programs for EES and economic the labor market ‘OMCs’ � Reduce social segmentation of the labor market – Best Practice, Peer Reviews and Benchmarking , g � A ti � Activation as key pillar of Flexicurity The May 2 The May 2 funde funde ti k ill f Fl i it A wa A wa – Recommendations Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 3 Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 4
Example: Guideline 1 Targets and Benchmarks Activation (Employment Guidelines 2003/2004) (Annex to Employment Guidelines 2005-2008) es? es? Social Policie Social Policie ment and S ment and S dination dination ndation, ndation, nal Employm nal Employm of Co-ord earch Foun of Co-ord earch Foun rnize Nation rnize Nation Method o erman Res Method o erman Res ber 2007 ber 2007 Open M 2005-Octob Open M 2005-Octob ay to moder ed by the G ay to moder ed by the G May 2 May 2 The The A wa funde A wa funde Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 5 Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 6 A general concept of Activation A general concept of Activation Opportunities and Open Questions Opportunities and Open Questions • most general notion, policy that attempts • Opportunity for Continental and Southern Employment es? es? Social Policie Social Policie – to include all those that are able to work into the active to include all those that are able to work into the active Regimes population on the labor market (cf. Barbier 2007, Madsen 2002) , – learn from the experience of more successful states – frame of orientation for pending reforms frame of orientation for pending reforms ment and S ment and S • Three pillars of activation (Serrano Pascual 2007) dination dination ndation, ndation, – but: known as particularly resistant to reform – individualized approach, • Open Questions Open Questions nal Employm nal Employm of Co-ord earch Foun – an emphasis on employment as crucial for social inclusion, an emphasis on emplo ment as cr cial for social incl sion of Co-ord earch Foun – to what extent and by what means did the EES contribute to – contractualization, the modernization of the employment policies in these • concept of rights and duties for jobseekers. p g j countries that have been reform resistant for such a long time co ntries that ha e been reform resistant for s ch a long time rnize Nation rnize Nation Method o erman Res Method o erman Res ber 2007 • Yet, “the way this activation paradigm has been ber 2007 • Question implemented (…) varies a lot from country to country” – to what extent did the Continental and Southern European to what extent did the Continental and Southern European Open M 2005-Octob (Serrano Pascual 2007a: 1) (Serrano Pasc al 2007a 1) Open M 2005-Octob ay to moder ed by the G ay to moder ed by the G countries apply the concept of activation to their reforms between 2000 and 2005 The May 2 The May 2 funde funde – by what kind of mechanisms the did the EES contribute to this b h t ki d f h i th did th EES t ib t t thi A wa A wa change Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 7 Zirra/Buchkremer May 2008 http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/sozialstruktur 8
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