A short introduction to panoramic images By Richard Novossiltzeff - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
a short introduction to panoramic images
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

A short introduction to panoramic images By Richard Novossiltzeff - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 25, 2023 154 likes •416 views

A short introduction to panoramic images By Richard Novossiltzeff Bridgwater Photographic Society March 25, 2014 Monday, March 24, 2014 1 What is a panorama Some will say that the word Panorama is over-used; the better word might

slide-1
SLIDE 1

A short introduction to panoramic images

By Richard Novossiltzeff

Bridgwater Photographic Society March 25, 2014

1 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Some will say that the word “Panorama” is over-used; the better word might be “panoramic image”; others will just call it a “pano”... One dictionary defines it as: “an unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer”. A panorama is an unusually wide picture that shows at least as much width as the eye is capable of seeing, if not a greater left-to-right field of view than we can ever see: 'behind you' as well as 'in front'. Movies use wide images which fill more of the viewer's peripheral vision in order to enhance the immersive effect when viewed on screen. Today, panoramic images are also used for virtual reality (VR) and increasingly, in other simple roles such as navigation on a website.

What is a “panorama”

2 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Conventional photographs may be described as "flat" or "planar", meaning that they are intended to be viewed as is without any perspective correction. It is common today to represent panoramas in this form covering a FOV of 120° or less. If the FOV is wider specialized software will more than likely ask you to stitch it as a “cylindrical“ panorama... A cylindrical panorama is intended to be viewed as if curved around the inside of a cylinder. If you view the image flat, you will see curves in the horizontal axis. There are many Java applets and other viewers for displaying panoramic images on the Internet which are designed to display cylindrical panoramas as flat, i.e. without correcting perspective by displaying the image as if you are looking at it inside a cylinder. These viewers display the horizontal curves.

3 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Cubic images were made popular by QuickTime 5, which introduced the possibility of cubic panoramas in which the viewer can look straight up and straight down at the floor. Unlike cylindrical and spherical images, cubic images contain 6 separate cube faces, which are in themselves planar (flat) images, which look normal to the human eye (no horizontal curves or perspective distortion). Cubic is the most efficient format for panoramic images with a vertical field of view in excess of 140 degrees, and because each of the cube faces looks "normal" these images can be easier to edit or modify with image editing software. Spherical images are typically represented in equirectangular projection format image files, which represent exactly 360 degrees

  • n the horizontal axis and 180 degrees on the vertical. These

images are intended to be viewed as if projected using a special slide projector onto the inside of a sphere. Like cylindrical images, horizontal curves can be seen in the flat image, but unlike cylindrical images, the very top and bottom of the image will seem

  • squashed. For panoramas with a large vertical field of view, the

equirectangular (spherical) image format is far more efficient than cylindrical.

4 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-5
SLIDE 5

How to make a panoramic image

Hand held shots are OK, but, you will soon find out what your first mistakes are...

Not level: Parallax error:

Cropping will waste useful space Each image may not fit to the next one

5 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-6
SLIDE 6

There are 3 major flaws in this ʻpanoʼ...?

6 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-7
SLIDE 7

It's really easy to see the effect of parallax: hold up your index in front of you, close one eye and line up your finger with something further away such as a door, piece

  • f furniture, window, whatever. Now, without moving your

finger, rotate your head from left to right, your finger will seem to move slightly as you turn your head. Voilà! you are seeing parallax.

Entrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org Wiki FINDING THE NO-PARALLAX POINT

7 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-8
SLIDE 8

1- Find the “nodal” / “no-parallax” / “pupil entry” point of your lens, 2 - Use a tripod, 3 - Use a panoramic head, “a philipod or plumb line” method set to that “nodal” point. To fully avoid parallax errors you must do this:

8 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Then, you need to set yourself up with a good organized filling system:

9 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Planning the composition Choose the right lens, Position the camera, not too high and not too low, Level the camera, Keep windows whole, spot lights and sun undivided, Beware of your own shadow...!

10 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Recommended shooting method:

  • Always in manual mode,
  • Fixed W.B., “daylight” preferred when in doubt,
  • Manual focus,
  • JPEG OK but RAW is far better for best results,
  • Use a tripod, a panoramic head or the “philipod” technique...
  • Hang your camera bag to the centre column!

11 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Good software available for panorama creation:

  • 1. Photoshop, expensive but versatile...
  • 2. Hugin, very good and free but, a bit complicated...
  • 3. PTGui or PTGui pro at $150, HDR capable...
  • 4. Photomatix better for HDR... but others also...?
  • 5. and many more, of course...

12 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Photoshop solution for panoramas:

13 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-14
SLIDE 14

PTGui pro solution for panoramas:

14 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-15
SLIDE 15

A 6 image panorama out of the 13 previously shown: 10161x3284 pixels @300ppi or 33”x11”

15 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-16
SLIDE 16

PTGui uses a control point system to align images:

16 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-17
SLIDE 17

This pano is the result of 18 frames shot in vertical mode stitched together in PTGui. The size is 38905x4967 pixels or 11x1.3 feet at 300 ppi. You could print that at 150 ppi and the pano would be 21 feet wide and still have good definition... The next image is the100% view of the centre of the pano:

17 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-18
SLIDE 18

18 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-19
SLIDE 19

This panorama is made up of 45 vertical images: 6 sectors around (6x60°), each one is 5 bracketed shots spaced at 2 E.V., 1x5 bracketed vertical (zenith) shots and 2x5 bracketed down (nadir) shots.

19 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-20
SLIDE 20
  • St. Patrickʼs Catholic Church in Halifax

20 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-21
SLIDE 21

An unsuccessful example: Missed High Dynamic Range Wrong focusing Unstable tripod Abandonned saw mill around Mahone Bay Nova Scotia

21 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-22
SLIDE 22

A High Dynamic Range example solved:

  • St. Johnʼs Anglican Church Lunenburg

22 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Make a panorama to work on your family tree...?

23 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Thatʼs another way to show a panorama...?

24 Monday, March 24, 2014

slide-25
SLIDE 25

http://www.panoguide.com/

Useful links

http://www.janrik.net/PanoPostings/NoParallaxPoint/TheoryOfTheNoParallaxPoint.pdf The Panosaurus Panoramic Tripod Head Home Page PanoTools.org Wiki http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouOEM4cKKGc 360cities - 360 cities Equirectangular projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

25 Monday, March 24, 2014