SLIDE 1 Naxos, 13/16-06-2018
A novel initiative for recovery and restoration of illegal dumps in rural areas
- D. Hidalgo*, F. López, F. Corona, J. M. Martín-Marroquín
(*dolhid@cartif.es)
6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management
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www.pavethewayste.eu Project funded by EC into LIFE + Program (LIFE14 ENV/GR/000722). Aim: To establish an integrated and replicable system for source separation and treatment of municipal waste (MW) in remote areas. The project includes: The design and construction of 9 innovative prototype units for the treatment (fine sorting and compression) of 500 kg MW/day.unit. Raising awareness of more tan 2,000 residents and tourist. Recovery of more than 1,600 t of high quality materials. Work carried out in the frame of the PAVEtheWAySTE project
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The problem…
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www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping of waste is a serious environmental concern of most countries in the world. Surrounding areas are heavily affected by dumps in terms of quality of life and liveability decrease. Illegal dumping of garbage and other waste streams: can threaten human health, wildlife and the environment. can pollute water sources, including groundwater and cause flooding by blocking creeks and ravines some dumps become home to rodents, mosquitoes and other noxious insects. results in lowing real estate values, limits tourism, and compromises the safety of communities
Illegal dumping
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Illegal dumping
SLIDE 6 www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping is commonly associated with: disposal costs and disposal fees, fines or disposal restrictions, accessibility, population density, unemployment, surveillance,… and even
Illegal dumping: causes?
Illegal dumping is a complex social, economic, and environmental issue which can most effectively be addressed through identification of its root causes.
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Illegal dumping: where?
This undesirable practice is more likely to occur in areas: that are easily accessible by roads, with low population density, little surveillance, low visibility.
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Illegal dumping: where?
This undesirable practice is more likely to occur in areas: that are easily accessible by roads, with low population density, little surveillance, low visibility.
RURAL AREAS
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Illegal dumping: cost
Removal of illegal dumps bears a cost and makes it necessary to carry out remediation. In order to optimize the process of illegal dumps reclamation it is necessary: firstly, to classify them by location based on the criterion of the greatest potential environmental risk for the surrounding natural, technogenic and social environment; also the knowledge about the morphological composition of wastes dumped on illegal landfills is crucial.
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Illegal dumping: typical composition
(Malinowski et al., 2017)
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Illegal dumping: actions
Administrations of many countries are considering programs to fight against illegal dumping since it is clear how the ecological situation in some areas is deteriorating precisely because of the dump.
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Illegal dumping: actions
Educating the community about the impacts of illegal dumping. Warning of penalties. Suggesting ways of disposing of unwanted materials. Reward for reporting illegal dumping.
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Valladolid Province innitiative
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Valladolid Province
Population: 526,223 inh 225 municipalities 8,110 km2 65 inh/km2
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Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province
In the province of Valladolid, dumpsites have historically proliferated as places to deposit any type of waste, in general, inorganic. When these dumps reached appreciable dimensions, the municipalities where they were located requested to regional administrations its sealing and restoration. In this sense, the Provincial Council of Valladolid developed from 2000 to 2010 a "Reforestation Program of illegal dumps" that consisted in the separation and reuse
- f the debris in each dump, the addition of topsoil, and planting of arboreal and shrub
species to recover the entire environment. In total, 75.35 ha were restored distributed along 66 locations, with a budget of 0.7 M€.
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Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province
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Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province
In 2008, national legislation (Royal Decree 105/2008) was approved, regulating the production and management of construction and demolition waste, and as a result, the private initiative created three waste treatment plants in the province of Valladolid. In a practical way, these three plants had to receive all the construction waste generated in the entire province. However, being located far from many population centers, and charging a price for receiving the debris, they received very little inert waste, and the dumpsites continued proliferating in the rural areas.
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Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province
In 2008, national legislation (Royal Decree 105/2008) was approved, regulating the production and management of construction and demolition waste, and as a result, the private initiative created three waste treatment plants in the province of Valladolid. In a practical way, these three plants had to receive all the construction waste generated in the entire province. However, being located far from many population centers, and charging a price for receiving the debris, they received very little inert waste, and the dumpsites continued proliferating in the rural areas. NOT SUSTAINABLE SITUATION!!!
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Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province
After this negative experience, the Provincial Council of Valladolid determined that it was useless to seal dumpsites and reforest its surfaces, if a real alternative for waste disposal was not given to the inhabitants of rural areas. This is why the Provincial Council launched in 2012 a debris collection plan at provincial level, with the aim of stopping proliferation of illegal dumps in the municipalities of the province and to close and restore the existing ones. The plan consisted in the installation of containers for the collection of debris (exclusively) in any municipality of the province that requested the service.
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New zero dumpsites plan: methodology
Transfer and permanent installation throughout the period of validity of the contract of waste containers (average 5.48 m3), in number and capacity as requested by any municipality of the province of Valladolid. Collection of the containers, once they are full, and after notice by the municipality to the contractor, to proceed with the removal. Transportation to the facilities of an authorized waste manager. After the container withdrawal, it has to be replaced by another empty container with the same capacity as the one removed. Installation, in the enclosure where the containers are located in each of the municipalities, of a metallic sign indicating the different waste that can be deposited inside them.
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New zero dumpsites plan: first results
During the first months of the program, containers were hardly filled as many of these municipalities needed this time to build the site. At the end of the second year of operation, the service began to have a greater demand, increasing considerably the number of services provided. The price for the service was 202.39 euros (VAT included) for each container removal. The cost for the municipalities that requested the service was 40% of that price, that is, 80.96 euros. The remaining 60% was paid by the Consortium. In this way, it was intended to give a boost to the implementation of this service and enhance its use by subsidizing part of the cost.
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New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
From January 2013 to November 2016, the program provided 3,956 services, managing 21,679 tons of waste, with a total cost of 0.8 M€. In spite of being a service designed for the collection of debris, the reality was that the containers were used to deposit other types of waste such as mattresses, sofas, chairs, furniture, and remains of pruning.
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New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
When the contract ended in 2016, the Provincial Council put out a new tender, with similar conditions to the previous one, but for the installation of independent containers for the collection of debris, furnishings and pruning. The available budget was 0.4 M€ per year and a maximum duration of four years. The containers installed had a variable volume (from 3.2 to 30.96 m3). The provision of the service was awarded in the following amounts:
- Debris: 27.36 euros m-3 of container box.
- Appliances / furnishings: 32.70 euros m-3 of container box.
- Pruning: 25.23 euros m-3 of container box.
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New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
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New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
The number of services provided during the year 2017 was 2,518, which represents a strong increase in the demand for this service. Currently the service is being provided in 107 municipalities of the 225 that form the province of Valladolid (222 below 20,000 inhabitants). The destination of the collected waste is as follows:
- Debris: Construction and demolition waste treatment plant.
- Discarded appliances and furnishing: All metal parts are used. The rest is
transported to the corresponding authorized managers depending on the type of waste.
- Pruning: Moves to a bio-composting plant where it is transformed into compost.
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New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
The number of services provided during the year 2017 was 2,518, which represents a strong increase in the demand for this service. Currently the service is being provided in 107 municipalities of the 225 that form the province of Valladolid (222 below 20,000 inhabitants). The destination of the collected waste is as follows:
- Debris: Construction and demolition waste treatment plant.
- Discarded appliances and furnishing: All metal parts are used. The rest is
transported to the corresponding authorized managers depending on the type of waste.
- Pruning: Moves to a bio-composting plant where it is transformed into compost.
What about installing a PAVEtheWAySTE module together with the containers?
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New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
In order to control the type of waste that is collected and transported, the operators always take a photograph of the container in the collection point, another photograph of the container loaded on the truck, and another one of the waste disposed in the treatment plant.
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New zero dumpsites plan: third phase
In parallel to the development of this service, the Provincial Council of Valladolid adopted the agreement to elaborate a detailed map of illegal landfill already existing in the province of Valladolid, with a detailed description of the status of each dumpsite, as well as a plan of actions for the restoration of the affected areas. It was proposed to intensify information and environmental awareness campaigns. The Provincial Council focused on illegal dumps existing in the province of Valladolid with an area of more than 1,000 square meters and located on public owned land. This action has allowed the detailed registration of 133 illegal landfill sites with a size greater than 1,000 m2, distributed in 90 municipalities of the Province of Valladolid and affecting a total area of 113.3 ha.
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New zero dumpsites plan: third phase
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New zero dumpsites plan: fourth phase
To implement an action plan aimed at the elimination of these dumps, a collaboration agreement was signed on February 15, 2017 between: the Ministry of Environment of the regional government (Junta de Castilla y León), the Provincial Council of Valladolid (in charge of rural areas management in the Province) and the Provincial Environmental Consortium of Valladolid (in charge of waste management in rural areas of the Province), for the environmental recovery and restoration of these 133 degraded areas in the period 2017-2019. Also the municipalities hosting the illegal dumping sites supported this agreement. As it can be seen, the proposed concept gathers the collaboration of four administrative entities with the common aim of recovering the areas degraded by the deposit of inert waste in the province of Valladolid.
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Conclusions and future actions
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Conclusions and future actions
The Valladolid Provincial Environment Consortium launched in 2012 a debris collection plan with the aim of reducing the proliferation of illegal dumps in the province. At the end of 2016 the conditions for the collection of debris were modified, expanding to the collection of discarded appliances and pruning. In 2017 a total of 2,518 services were carried out, recycling around 6,000 t. Without the implementation of this program, these waste streams would probably have ended up in illegal dumps. Due to these good results in the fight against illegal dumps proliferation, similar collaboration agreements will be soon arranged with the other provincial councils in Castilla y León regions and the initiative will be exported to other regions in Spain. Future action: Installing a PAVEtheWAySTE module together with the containers to increase waste separation in origin?.
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Thank you for your attention Further information: dolhid@cartif.es Fundación CARTIF, Boecillo, Valladolid (SP)
