Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City Nirm - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City

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Nirm ala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consum ption and Production ( SCP) Group I nstitute for Global Environm ental Strategies ( I GES)

Administrative boundary of Yangon City Development Committee

Source : YCDC

 Yangon is the former capital of Myanmar and remains as the most important centre of commerce, politics and culture.  Total area of Yangon city is 759 km2 and the population is 4.72 million (as of December 2012)

General background of Yangon City

 There are 33 townships in Yangon region and divided into four districts – North, South, East and West

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W aste m anagem ent in Yangon City

Daily Managem ent

• Waste Collection
• Waste Transportation
• Disposal at the final disposal

sites Pollution Control ( progressing)

• Final disposal sites management
• Recycling
• Green composting
• Awareness raising

Pollution Control and Cleansing Department (PCCD) is responsible for waste management in Yangon city

Responsibilities of PCCD in Waste management

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0 .0 5 0 .1 0 .1 5 0 .2 0 .2 5 0 .3 0 .3 5 0 .4 2001-2002 2003-2004 2006-2007 2010-2011 2011-2012

1540 tonnes/ day 169 0 tonnes/ day kg/ capita/ day

 Total waste generation - 1,690 toness/ day  Total waste collection - 1,550 tonnes/ day  The remaining 140 tonnes share the recycling and illegal dumping  More than 75% of waste is organic

Organic waste , 76% Paper & textile 0.1% Plastic 10 %

• thers ,

10 %

W aste generation and com position in Yangon

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Satellite TSP 300 Kyat per day Old suburbs-3 0 0 kyat per m onth/ household Sub-Urban - 4 5 0 kyat per m onth/ household Central Business District - ( 6 0 0 ) kyat per m onth/ household

Monthly fee for w aste collection service

Charges from commercial

centers, hotels etc. are based on sizes, kind of facilities, waste types and

• thers

Picture by YCDC

• 1. Bell Ringing System
• 2. Collection at a street Dumps Yard
• 3. Kerb side collection

W aste collection m ethods in Yangon

By Trucks

Pictures by YCDC

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By carts

W aste separation at Yangon

Waste is mainly separated into two parts: Wet and Dry However, all the separated waste is loaded to the same vehicle for transportation

Pictures by YCDC

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 There are 13 kinds of trucks are used for waste transportation  No. of trucks available 297 and capacity of trucks varies 2-8 tonnes/ trip  Many trucks are too old and often, vehicle breakdown do happen.

W aste collection vehicles

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Pictures by YCDC

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Existing dum ping sites in Yangon

Htain Bin Hlaw Gar Htaw e Chaung Da La 3 0 Km 2 6 Km 3 Kyi Su 4 5 6 Shwe Pyi Thar

Present situation of open dum psite at HtainBin

PCDC is planning to implement a landfill gas-to-energy recovery plant to replace this open dumpsite Future  This is the biggest open dumpsite in YCDC  847 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day

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Present situation of open dum psite at Htw ei Chaung

 This is the second biggest open dumpsite  612 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day YCDC is considering installation of incineration plant (with electricity recovery) Future

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Present situation of sm all open dum psites

Dum psite at Shw e Pyi Thar

Disposal capacity – 5 0 tonnes/ day

Dum psite at Hlaw Ger

Disposal capacity 2 5 tonnes/ day

YCDC is considering installation of small incineration (without electricity production) plants to replace these dumpsites . Future

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Situation of w aste recycling in Yangon

 YCDC has estimated that 86 tonnes/ day generated waste is recycling  Valuable recyclables are stored at household level and sell to the nearby junkshops  YCDC is also running a small-scale plastic recycling plant and green and blue plastics bag is produced using the waste plastic.

Plastic recycling activities at YCDC Composition of recyclables in Yangon

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Estim ation of Greenhouse Gas ( GHG) em issions from current w aste m anagem ent in Yangon

I GES GHG calculation tool was used to estimate the climate impacts from current waste management in Yangon

Emission of CH4 from open dumping 22.88 kg of CH4/ tonne Direct GHG emission from mixed waste open dumping 480.48 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mix waste GHG emission from open dumping from monthly disposed waste 2 2 ,3 4 2 Tonnes of CO2-eq/ month

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 CH4 generation ( Gg from m onthly disposed w aste) Year ( after disposal)

GHG em issions from open dum ping YCDC uses 128,704 L diesel and 900 L of gasoline for waste transportation

GHG emissions from transportation 7.51 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of waste Monthly GHG emission from transportation 3 4 9 tonnes of CO2-eq/ month

GHG em issions from W aste Transportation

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Estim ation of Greenhouse Gas ( GHG) em issions from current w aste m anagem ent in Yangon

Direct GHG emissions from recycling

866.42 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mixed recyclables

Avoided GHG emissions from recycling via materials recovery

2646.79 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mixed recyclables

Net GHG emissions from recycling (life cycle perspective)

• 1780.37

kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mixed recyclables

Monthly total GHG reduction from recycling

• 4,59 3

Tonnes of CO2-eq/ m onth

GHG emissions from recycling activities in Yangon

349 22,342

• 4593

18,098

• 10000
• 5000

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

GHG emissions from transportation GHG emissions from

• pendumping

GHG reduction from recycling Overall GHG emissions from waste management Tonnes of CO2 -eq.m onth

Overall GHG em ission from w aste m anagem ent in Yangon

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YCDC plan for future w aste m anagem ent

Landfill gas-to-energy recovery and incineration would be the two major technologies in the intended waste management system in Yangon Our suggestions to im prove the clim ate benefits and other co-benefits from w aste m anagem ent  Careful planning is very important in the designing phase to avoid the failure that may happen after the implementation  Improving the efficiency of the landfill gas recovery is the key to mitigate

• GHG. That can be done by starting gas recovery soon while waste tipping

continues, and extending the duration of gas recovery project to cover the peak production period of methane  Composition and the moisture content of the waste can be greatly effected on the efficiency of the incineration plant. Pre-treatment would be necessary to reduce the moisture content waste prior to combustion  Despite all the waste-to-energy technologies, development of proper recycling scheme in Yangon would contribute for significant GHG reduction and then to attain the target of low carbon city

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 How to select a appropriate set of technologies (especially pre-treatments) to match with waste characteristics of Yangon city?  How to establish a capacity of local governmental

• fficials to plan and operate integrated approach for

long term sustainability of waste management?  How to secure operational costs for upgraded technologies and approaches?  How to improve the efficiencies of proposed waste-to energy technologies to extract maximum amount of energy from waste?  How to reduce running costs including fossil fuel input?  What are the possibilities for applying JCM?  How to improve recycling activities in Yangon to divert waste flows going into landfill and reduce GHG? Points to be discussed for further im provem ents

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH

Nirm ala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consum ption and Production ( SCP) group, I nstitute for Global Environm ental Strategies ( I GES) Em ail: m enikpura@iges.or.jp

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