Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City Nirm - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Present Situation of Solid Waste Management in Yangon City Nirm ala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consum ption and Production ( SCP) Group I nstitute for Global Environm ental Strategies ( I GES) 1

General background of Yangon City  Yangon is the former capital of Myanmar and remains as the most important centre of commerce, politics and culture.  Total area of Yangon city is 759 km 2 and the population is 4.72 million (as of December 2012)  There are 33 townships in Administrative boundary of Yangon City Development Committee Yangon region and divided into four districts – North, South, East and West 2 Source : YCDC

W aste m anagem ent in Yangon City Pollution Control and Cleansing Department (PCCD) is responsible for waste management in Yangon city Responsibilities of PCCD in Waste management Pollution Control ( progressing) Daily Managem ent -Waste Collection - Final disposal sites management -Recycling -Waste Transportation -Disposal at the final disposal -Green composting sites -Awareness raising 3

W aste generation and com position in Yangon 169 0 tonnes/ day 0 .4 0 .3 5 1540 others , tonnes/ day 0 .3 10 % kg/ capita/ day Paper & Plastic 0 .2 5 textile 10 % 0.1% 0 .2 Organic 0 .1 5 waste , 76% 0 .1 0 .0 5 0 2001-2002 2003-2004 2006-2007 2010-2011 2011-2012  Total waste generation - 1,690 toness/ day  Total waste collection - 1,550 tonnes/ day  The remaining 140 tonnes share the recycling and illegal dumping  More than 75% of waste is organic 4

Monthly fee for w aste collection service Satellite TSP 300 Kyat per day Old suburbs-3 0 0 kyat per m onth/ household Sub-Urban - 4 5 0 kyat per m onth/ household Central Business District - ( 6 0 0 ) kyat per m onth/ household Charges from commercial centers, hotels etc. are based on sizes, kind of facilities, waste types and others 5 Picture by YCDC

W aste collection m ethods in Yangon 1. Bell Ringing System By Trucks By carts 2. Collection at a street Dumps Yard 3. Kerb side collection 6 Pictures by YCDC

W aste separation at Yangon  Waste is mainly separated into two parts: Wet and Dry  However, all the separated waste is loaded to the same vehicle for transportation 7 Pictures by YCDC

W aste collection vehicles  There are 13 kinds of trucks are used for waste transportation  No. of trucks available 297 and capacity of trucks varies 2-8 tonnes/ trip  Many trucks are too old and often, vehicle breakdown do happen. 8 Pictures by YCDC

Existing dum ping sites in Yangon Hlaw Gar 5 7 Shwe Pyi Thar 6 Htaw e Chaung 2 Htain Bin Kyi Su 1 3 3 0 Km 2 6 Km Da La 9 4

Present situation of open dum psite at HtainBin  This is the biggest open dumpsite in YCDC  847 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day Future PCDC is planning to implement a landfill gas-to-energy recovery plant to replace this open dumpsite 10

Present situation of open dum psite at Htw ei Chaung  This is the second biggest open dumpsite  612 tonnes of incoming waste is disposed per day Future YCDC is considering installation of incineration plant (with electricity recovery) 11

Present situation of sm all open dum psites Dum psite at Shw e Pyi Thar Dum psite at Hlaw Ger Disposal capacity 2 5 tonnes/ day Disposal capacity – 5 0 tonnes/ day Future YCDC is considering installation of small incineration (without electricity production) plants to replace these dumpsites . 12

Situation of w aste recycling in Yangon  YCDC has estimated that 86 tonnes/ day generated waste is recycling  Valuable recyclables are stored at household level and sell to the nearby junkshops  YCDC is also running a small-scale plastic recycling plant and green and blue plastics bag is produced using the waste plastic. Composition of recyclables in Yangon 13 Plastic recycling activities at YCDC

Estim ation of Greenhouse Gas ( GHG) em issions from current w aste m anagem ent in Yangon I GES GHG calculation tool was used to estimate the climate impacts from current waste management in Yangon GHG em issions from W aste Transportation YCDC uses 128,704 L diesel and 900 L of gasoline for waste transportation GHG emissions from transportation 7.51 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of waste 3 4 9 Monthly GHG emission from transportation tonnes of CO2-eq/ month GHG em issions from open dum ping Emission of CH 4 from open dumping 22.88 kg of CH 4 / tonne Direct GHG emission from mixed waste open dumping 480.48 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mix waste GHG emission from open dumping from monthly disposed waste 2 2 ,3 4 2 Tonnes of CO2-eq/ month 4 CH4 generation ( Gg from m onthly disposed w aste) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 14 Year ( after disposal)

Estim ation of Greenhouse Gas ( GHG) em issions from current w aste m anagem ent in Yangon GHG emissions from recycling activities in Yangon Direct GHG emissions from recycling 866.42 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mixed recyclables Avoided GHG emissions from recycling via materials recovery 2646.79 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mixed recyclables Net GHG emissions from recycling (life cycle perspective) -1780.37 kg of CO2-eq/ tonne of mixed recyclables Monthly total GHG reduction from recycling -4,59 3 Tonnes of CO2-eq/ m onth Overall GHG em ission from w aste m anagem ent in Yangon 25000 22,342 Tonnes of CO2 -eq.m onth 20000 18,098 15000 10000 5000 349 0 GHG emissions from GHG emissions from GHG reduction from Overall GHG transportation opendumping recycling emissions from waste -5000 -4593 management -10000 15

YCDC plan for future w aste m anagem ent Landfill gas-to-energy recovery and incineration would be the two major technologies in the intended waste management system in Yangon Our suggestions to im prove the clim ate benefits and other co-benefits from w aste m anagem ent  Careful planning is very important in the designing phase to avoid the failure that may happen after the implementation  Improving the efficiency of the landfill gas recovery is the key to mitigate GHG. That can be done by starting gas recovery soon while waste tipping continues, and extending the duration of gas recovery project to cover the peak production period of methane  Composition and the moisture content of the waste can be greatly effected on the efficiency of the incineration plant. Pre-treatment would be necessary to reduce the moisture content waste prior to combustion  Despite all the waste-to-energy technologies, development of proper recycling scheme in Yangon would contribute for significant GHG reduction and then to attain the target of low carbon city 16

Points to be discussed for further im provem ents  How to select a appropriate set of technologies (especially pre-treatments) to match with waste characteristics of Yangon city?  How to establish a capacity of local governmental officials to plan and operate integrated approach for long term sustainability of waste management?  How to secure operational costs for upgraded technologies and approaches?  How to improve the efficiencies of proposed waste-to energy technologies to extract maximum amount of energy from waste?  How to reduce running costs including fossil fuel input?  What are the possibilities for applying JCM?  How to improve recycling activities in Yangon to divert waste flows going into landfill and reduce GHG? 17

THANK YOU VERY MUCH Nirm ala Menikpura, PhD Sustainable Consum ption and Production ( SCP) group, I nstitute for Global Environm ental Strategies ( I GES) Em ail: m enikpura@iges.or.jp 18