A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building Gerry Stahl Center for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Gerry Stahl

Center for LifeLong Learning & Design Institute of Cognitive Science & Department of Computer Science University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA Gerry.Stahl@Colorado.edu http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~gerry

“A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building”

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beyond discussion & chat collaborative knowledge-building goes beyond sharing personal

• pinions; it is a complex process

within community contexts

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communities support & restrict collaboration

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a model of knowledge-building as a typical process of social activities interplay of individual cognition & social knowledge construction

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clarify meanings accept as one's

• wn

negotiate perspectives explicate implications social knowledge building personal under- standing personal comprehension tacit pre- understanding personal belief shared understanding public statements collaborative knowledge use in activity make problematic articulate in words

• ther people's

public statements argumentation & rationale cultural artifacts formalize &

• bjectify

discuss alternatives

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a model of knowledge-building as the mediation of individual & group activities artifacts in the world provide mediating resources

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The mediation of social knowledge The mediation of social knowledge The mediation of social knowledge The mediation of social knowledge

• building

building building building

Personal understanding Representations in communication media Discussion: verbal statements & visual cues Group understanding Formally structuring knowledge Clarifying meanings Negotiating conflicts Exchanging arguments & rationale Sharing perspectives Formally structuring knowledge Reinterpreting meaning structures Articulating one’s understanding Experiencing breakdowns of understanding Tacit understanding

• f the social lived

world Artifacts: physical, symbolic, cultural Personal external memory devices Organizational memory systems

The The The The mediation of social knowledge mediation of social knowledge mediation of social knowledge mediation of social knowledge

• building

building building building

Personal perspective Representations in communication media Discussion: verbal statements & visual cues Synergistic group understanding Formally structuring knowledge Clarifying meanings Negotiating conflicts Exchanging arguments & rationale Sharing perspectives Formally structuring knowledge Reinterpreting meaning structures Articulating one’s understanding Experiencing breakdowns of understanding Tacit understanding

• f the social lived

world Artifacts: physical, symbolic, cultural Personal external memory devices Organizational memory systems Mediating tools and systems

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a model of knowledge-building as the use of resources by agents within social contexts the local technology, community and society define affordances

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technology: confined by social practices, subject to negotiation

10 Group discussions Personal activities & understanding Communicating publicly Conducting actions in the world Experiencing breakdowns of understanding Articulating one’s understanding Sharing perspectives Clarification of meanings Exchange of rationale & argumentation Negotiation of agreements & disagreements Writing down shared understanding Public statements Personal external memory devices Society A community of practice

actors actors actors actors Artifacts: the physical context Artifacts: the physical context Artifacts: the physical context Artifacts: the physical context the community’s cultural context the community’s cultural context the community’s cultural context the community’s cultural context

Public statements Community roles Accepted practices Cultural norms Shared jargon Cultural artifacts Organizational memory systems Designing cultural artifacts Formally representing knowledge Externally storing knowledge Reinterpreting meaning structures Understanding things tacitly (personal perspective) Past experience Meaning structures Goals & expectations An individual

the societal context the societal context the societal context the societal context

Social rules Social interests & motivations Power relations Shared language Social structures

activities contributing to social knowledge activities contributing to social knowledge activities contributing to social knowledge activities contributing to social knowledge-

• building

building building building

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models of knowledge-building can provide a framework for software design & assessment what activities should collaboration software support beyond sharing personal opinions & information ?

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some technology components of knowledge-building environments

• DynaSource

interactive bibliography formalize & objectify F WebGuide negotiation support negotiate perspectives E DynaGloss interactive glossary clarify meanings D InfoMap argumentation graph argumentation & rationale C WebGuide personal & group perspectives discuss alternatives B DynaClass discussion forum articulate in words A Prototype systems Forms of computer support Knowledge-building activities

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WebGuide: supporting discussion, reflection, negotiation, knowledge management, in perspectives

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representing perspectives: personal, small team, whole group support for discussion among perspectives, comparisons, negotiation, group knowledge management

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knowledge-building as multiple perspectives interacting

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web of perspectives: a flexible hierarchy

• f computational sharing among

groups & individuals

Gulch class perspective Mine owner P8 Mines comp Gulch class comparison Environmental Landowner Government P9 P7 P6 P5 Blake P3 P1 P2 P10 P11 P12 Government comparison Landowner comp Environ comp Mentor Teacher Student Student comp Mentor comp

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future work: system building integration of computer support for discussion, perspectives, negotiation, bibliography, glossary, scaffolding, simulations, ….

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future work: collaboration analysis & system evaluation micro-ethnographic analysis of videos of classrooms engaged in collaborative knowledge-building, with & without technology

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for further information:

Gerry.Stahl@colorado.edu http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~gerry/ publications/conferences/2000/