A model for developing reservoir operation rules for irrigation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A model for developing reservoir operation rules for irrigation projects

Vicente Tinoco, Pedro Cordero, Felipe Cisneros, and Pedro Cisneros

Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador

Colonia, September 29, 2015

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Irrigation scheme for the Mocache River Basin

Mocache irrigation scheme represents the 3% of the PACALORI project area

75°W 77°W 79°W 81°W 1°N 0° 1°S 2°S 3°S 4°S

Ecuador

Quito

Perú Colombia

Irrigation scheme for the Mocache River Basin

3000 ha of potential agricultural land will be irrigated

±

Mocache River 2 4 1 km

# Rain gauges

# Dam

Reservoir Rivers DEM85 masl 28 masl

◮ Mocache basin area = 40 Km2. ◮ Agriculture, livestock and fishing are

the main economical activity.

◮ Temp. = 20 to 35 ◦❈. ◮ Annual rainfall = 2000 mm

80% January to May.

Irrigation scheme planned for the Mocache River Basin

A reservoir was planned for satisfying the water requirements of the multiple crops sown in the basin and extending their growing period

#

±

Mocache River 2 4 1 km

# Rain gauges

# Dam

Reservoir Rivers DEM85 masl 28 masl

◮ Discharges:

Qmax monthly = 10 m3/s Qmin monthly = 0.027 m3/s Qmean rainy period = 2.09 m3/s Qmean dry period = 0.40 m3/s

◮ Reservoir capacity = 17.4 million m3

Irrigation scheme for the Mocache River Basin

Irrigation water supply is during the dry season: June–December

#

# #

M006 M470

±

Mocache River 2 4 1 km

# Rain gauges

# Dam

Reservoir Rivers DEM85 masl 28 masl

◮ Discharges:

Qmax monthly = 10 m3/s Qmin monthly = 0.027 m3/s Qmean rainy period = 2.09 m3/s Qmean dry period = 0.40 m3/s

◮ Reservoir capacity = 17.4 million m3 ◮ Crops modeled in this case study are

maize and soybean.

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Objectives

Building a mathematical model for developing reservoir

• peration rules for irrigation projects at a basin scale.

◮ To built a mathematical model for simulating hydrological

reservoir routing.

◮ To determine the crop water requirement through crop

modeling for climate, soil and field management conditions.

◮ To establish the operation rules based on the precedent 10

day rainfall.

Objectives

Building a mathematical model for developing reservoir

• peration rules for irrigation projects at a basin scale.

◮ To built a mathematical model for simulating hydrological

reservoir routing.

◮ To determine the crop water requirement through crop

modeling for climate, soil and field management conditions.

◮ To establish the operation rules based on the precedent 10

day rainfall.

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Problem conception

Crop Modeling (Aquacrop)

Reservoir simulation model

routes the inflow through the reservoir to the different reservoir outflows

❄

Rainfall generation Rainfall-Runoff Model

✻

ETo Calculation

✲ ✲

River Flow Evaporation Elevation-Storage- Area Curves Hydraulic structures Rainfall 10 prece- dent days Irrigation distribu- tion rules

✲

Reservoir Simulation Model

✲

Qsp; Qdiv; Qirr; Qec; Ea; H; A; S;

✲

S t a t i s t i c s ❞H ❞t = I(t) − Q(t, H) A(H) Simulation period: 1985-2006

Reservoir simulation model

routes the inflow through the reservoir to the different reservoir outflows

❄

Rainfall generation Rainfall-Runoff Model

✻

ETo Calculation

✲ ✲

River Flow Evaporation Elevation-Storage- Area Curves Hydraulic structures Rainfall 10 prece- dent days Irrigation distribu- tion rules

✲

Reservoir Simulation Model

✲

Qsp; Qdiv; Qirr; Qec; Ea; H; A; S;

✲

S t a t i s t i c s ❞H ❞t = I(t) − Q(t, H) A(H) Simulation period: 1985-2006

Reservoir simulation model

routes the inflow through the reservoir to the different reservoir outflows

❄

Rainfall generation Rainfall-Runoff Model

✻

ETo Calculation

✲ ✲

River Flow Evaporation Elevation-Storage- Area Curves Hydraulic structures Rainfall 10 prece- dent days Irrigation distribu- tion rules

✲

Reservoir Simulation Model

✲

Qsp; Qdiv; Qirr; Qec; Ea; H; A; S;

✲

S t a t i s t i c s ❞H ❞t = I(t) − Q(t, H) A(H) Simulation period: 1985-2006

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Filling in gaps of time series missing data

❄

Rainfall data x Rainfall generator

❄

Tmax, Tmin, RH, Rs, u2 ETo Calculator

✲

Runoff y

❄ ❄

Inputs: x, ETo, umax

❄ ✲

xQF xBF xu

✛ ❄

u

✻

ETa

❄

xOF wOF

kOF yOF

❄

xIF wIF

kIF

✲

yIF

❄

wBF

kBF yBF

❄ ❤ ❄ ✻ ❤

Filling in gaps of time series missing data

❄

Rainfall data x Rainfall generator

❄

Tmax, Tmin, RH, Rs, u2 ETo Calculator

✲

Runoff y

❄ ❄

Inputs: x, ETo, umax

❄ ✲

xQF xBF xu

✛ ❄

u

✻

ETa

❄

xOF wOF

kOF yOF

❄

xIF wIF

kIF

✲

yIF

❄

wBF

kBF yBF

❄ ❤ ❄ ✻ ❤

Filling in gaps of time series missing data

❄

Rainfall data x Rainfall generator

❄

Tmax, Tmin, RH, Rs, u2 ETo Calculator

✲

Runoff y

❄ ❄

Inputs: x, ETo, umax

❄ ✲

xQF xBF xu

✛ ❄

u

✻

ETa

❄

xOF wOF

kOF yOF

❄

xIF wIF

kIF

✲

yIF

❄

wBF

kBF yBF

❄ ❤ ❄ ✻ ❤

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Irrigation demands

The crop simulation model, AquaCrop (FAO, 2012), was used to determine the net irrigation requirements for a Maize-Soybean rotation.

Soil characteristics (clay loam): Crop characteristics:

Maize rainy season Soybean dry season

Irrigation demands

The crop simulation model, AquaCrop (FAO, 2012), was used to determine the net irrigation requirements for a Maize-Soybean rotation.

Soil characteristics (clay loam): Crop characteristics:

Maize dry season Soybean dry season

Irrigation demands

The crop simulation model, AquaCrop (FAO, 2012), was used to determine the net irrigation requirements for a Maize-Soybean rotation.

◮ Crops were simulated for 22 years of data in order to make an

irrigation schedule for different weather conditions.

◮ Irrigation method: Sprinkler irrigation. Application efficiency:

80%

◮ Initial water soil content: field capacity. ◮ Soil fertilization: ideal conditions ◮ Allowable soil water depletion: 30%RAW

Prediction and irrigation distribution model (PIDM)

◮ Daily rainfall and crop irrigation requirements were

clustered in 10-days period.

◮ Frequency analyses were performed to each of these

time-series in order to set thresholds for determining weather conditions: humid, normal, and dry.

◮ Irrigation demand is selected according to the rainfall

• ccurred during the 10 precedent days

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Outflows are determined by an if and else algorithm

Reservoir is divided in 4 zones: 1) excess, 2) storage, 3) reserve for ecological flow, 4) sedimentation. Reservoir outflows depend on H.

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Irrigation schedules

• Maize. - The rotation consists on three maize cycles and one soybean cycle.

Irrigation schedules

• Soybean. - The rotation consists on three maize cycles and one soybean cycle.

Mean daily water levels of Mocache reservoir

32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 Jan Jan Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

H (masl) Time (days) ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉ ❉

Hcrest

✏

Hpump Hbo

Reservoir flow routig and flow composition

1 2 3 4 Jan Jan Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Q (m3/s) Time (days)

I Q Qsp QR Qec

Outline

Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Summary

◮ The approach presented allows to the designer to make a

better estimation for calculating the reservoir capacity.

◮ To consider the 10-day weather variability in the irrigation

prediction allows to use the water resources in a more efficient way in a basin scale project.

◮ Conceptual models are a great resource for planing and

• perating reservoirs.

Your questions are welcome.

vicente.tinoco@ucuenca.edu.ec