A model for developing reservoir operation rules for irrigation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A model for developing reservoir operation rules for irrigation projects Vicente Tinoco, Pedro Cordero, Felipe Cisneros, and Pedro Cisneros Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador Colonia, September 29, 2015

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Irrigation scheme for the Mocache River Basin Mocache irrigation scheme represents the 3% of the PACALORI project area Colombia 1°N Quito 0° 1°S Ecuador 2°S 3°S Perú 4°S 81°W 79°W 77°W 75°W

Irrigation scheme for the Mocache River Basin 3000 ha of potential agricultural land will be irrigated ± ◮ Mocache basin area = 40 Km 2 . ◮ Agriculture, livestock and fishing are the main economical activity. ◮ Temp. = 20 to 35 ◦ ❈ . Mocache River ◮ Annual rainfall = 2000 mm 80% January to May. # Rain gauges # Dam Reservoir Rivers DEM 85 masl 28 masl 0 1 2 4 km

Irrigation scheme planned for the Mocache River Basin A reservoir was planned for satisfying the water requirements of the multiple crops sown in the basin and extending their growing period ◮ Discharges: ± Q max monthly = 10 m 3 /s Q min monthly = 0.027 m 3 /s Q mean rainy period = 2.09 m 3 /s Q mean dry period = 0.40 m 3 /s Mocache River ◮ Reservoir capacity = 17.4 million m 3 # Rain gauges # Dam Reservoir Rivers DEM 85 masl 28 masl # 0 1 2 4 km

Irrigation scheme for the Mocache River Basin Irrigation water supply is during the dry season: June–December ± ◮ Discharges: # Q max monthly = 10 m 3 /s M006 Q min monthly = 0.027 m 3 /s Q mean rainy period = 2.09 m 3 /s Mocache River Q mean dry period = 0.40 m 3 /s ◮ Reservoir capacity = 17.4 million m 3 ◮ Crops modeled in this case study are # Rain gauges # Dam maize and soybean. Reservoir Rivers DEM 85 masl # 28 masl # M470 0 1 2 4 km

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Objectives Building a mathematical model for developing reservoir operation rules for irrigation projects at a basin scale. ◮ To built a mathematical model for simulating hydrological reservoir routing. ◮ To determine the crop water requirement through crop modeling for climate, soil and field management conditions. ◮ To establish the operation rules based on the precedent 10 day rainfall.

Objectives Building a mathematical model for developing reservoir operation rules for irrigation projects at a basin scale. ◮ To built a mathematical model for simulating hydrological reservoir routing. ◮ To determine the crop water requirement through crop modeling for climate, soil and field management conditions. ◮ To establish the operation rules based on the precedent 10 day rainfall.

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Problem conception Crop Modeling (Aquacrop)

Reservoir simulation model routes the inflow through the reservoir to the different reservoir outflows ✲ Rainfall ❞ H ❞ t = I ( t ) − Q ( t , H ) River Flow generation A ( H ) ❄ S ✲ Evaporation t Rainfall-Runoff a Model Q sp ; Q div ; t Reservoir ✲ ✲ ✲ Q irr ; Q ec ; ✻ i Simulation Elevation-Storage- E a ; H ; s ETo Model Area Curves A ; S ; t Calculation i Hydraulic c structures s Rainfall 10 prece- Simulation period: dent days 1985-2006 Irrigation distribu- tion rules

Reservoir simulation model routes the inflow through the reservoir to the different reservoir outflows ✲ Rainfall ❞ H ❞ t = I ( t ) − Q ( t , H ) River Flow generation A ( H ) ❄ S ✲ Evaporation t Rainfall-Runoff a Model Q sp ; Q div ; t Reservoir ✲ ✲ ✲ Q irr ; Q ec ; ✻ i Simulation Elevation-Storage- E a ; H ; s ETo Model Area Curves A ; S ; t Calculation i Hydraulic c structures s Rainfall 10 prece- Simulation period: dent days 1985-2006 Irrigation distribu- tion rules

Reservoir simulation model routes the inflow through the reservoir to the different reservoir outflows ✲ Rainfall ❞ H ❞ t = I ( t ) − Q ( t , H ) River Flow generation A ( H ) ❄ S ✲ Evaporation t Rainfall-Runoff a Model Q sp ; Q div ; t Reservoir ✲ ✲ ✲ Q irr ; Q ec ; ✻ i Simulation Elevation-Storage- E a ; H ; s ETo Model Area Curves A ; S ; t Calculation i Hydraulic c structures s Rainfall 10 prece- Simulation period: dent days 1985-2006 Irrigation distribu- tion rules

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Filling in gaps of time series missing data Rainfall data x T max , T min , RH , R s , u 2 ❄ ❄ Rainfall generator ET o Calculator Inputs: x , ET o , u max ❄ ❄ ✛ ❄ ✲ x BF x QF x OF w OF ❄ x u ET a k OF y OF ✻ ❄ x IF w IF ❄ u ❄ k IF y IF ✲ ❤ w BF ❄ Runoff y ✲ ❄ ❤ ✻ k BF y BF

Filling in gaps of time series missing data Rainfall data x T max , T min , RH , R s , u 2 ❄ ❄ Rainfall generator ET o Calculator Inputs: x , ET o , u max ❄ ❄ ✛ ❄ ✲ x BF x QF x OF w OF ❄ x u ET a k OF y OF ✻ ❄ x IF w IF ❄ u ❄ k IF y IF ✲ ❤ w BF ❄ Runoff y ✲ ❄ ❤ ✻ k BF y BF

Filling in gaps of time series missing data Rainfall data x T max , T min , RH , R s , u 2 ❄ ❄ Rainfall generator ET o Calculator Inputs: x , ET o , u max ❄ ❄ ✛ ❄ ✲ x BF x QF x OF w OF ❄ x u ET a k OF y OF ✻ ❄ x IF w IF ❄ u ❄ k IF y IF ✲ ❤ w BF ❄ Runoff y ✲ ❄ ❤ ✻ k BF y BF

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Irrigation demands The crop simulation model, AquaCrop (FAO, 2012), was used to determine the net irrigation requirements for a Maize-Soybean rotation. Soil characteristics (clay loam): Crop characteristics: Maize rainy season Soybean dry season

Irrigation demands The crop simulation model, AquaCrop (FAO, 2012), was used to determine the net irrigation requirements for a Maize-Soybean rotation. Soil characteristics (clay loam): Crop characteristics: Maize dry season Soybean dry season

Irrigation demands The crop simulation model, AquaCrop (FAO, 2012), was used to determine the net irrigation requirements for a Maize-Soybean rotation. ◮ Crops were simulated for 22 years of data in order to make an irrigation schedule for different weather conditions. ◮ Irrigation method: Sprinkler irrigation. Application efficiency: 80% ◮ Initial water soil content: field capacity. ◮ Soil fertilization: ideal conditions ◮ Allowable soil water depletion: 30%RAW

Prediction and irrigation distribution model (PIDM) ◮ Daily rainfall and crop irrigation requirements were clustered in 10-days period. ◮ Frequency analyses were performed to each of these time-series in order to set thresholds for determining weather conditions: humid, normal, and dry. ◮ Irrigation demand is selected according to the rainfall occurred during the 10 precedent days

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Outflows are determined by an if and else algorithm Reservoir is divided in 4 zones: 1) excess, 2) storage, 3) reserve for ecological flow, 4) sedimentation. Reservoir outflows depend on H .

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary

Irrigation schedules Maize. - The rotation consists on three maize cycles and one soybean cycle.

Irrigation schedules Soybean. - The rotation consists on three maize cycles and one soybean cycle.

Mean daily water levels of Mocache reservoir 50 H crest 48 ❉ ❉ ✏ 46 ❉ ❉ 44 ❉ H (masl) 42 ❉ ❉ 40 ❉ 38 ❉ ❉ 36 H pump ❉ 34 ❉ H bo ❉ 32 Jan Jan Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Time (days)

Reservoir flow routig and flow composition 4 I Q Qsp QR 3 Qec Q (m 3 /s) 2 1 0 Jan Jan Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Time (days)

Outline Case study Objectives Materials and Methods for building a reservoir simulation model Time series processing Irrigation demands Reservoir outflows allocation Results and Discussion Summary