A Mechanized Proof of the Curve Length of a Rectifiable Curve - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A Mechanized Proof of the Curve Length of a Rectifiable Curve - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Mechanized Proof of the Curve Length of a Rectifiable Curve Jagadish Bapanapally and Ruben Gamboa ACL2 Workshop 2017 May 23, 2017 Theory L n i =1 | P i P i 1 | Deriving length of a continuously differentiable curve n L =


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A Mechanized Proof of the Curve Length of a Rectifiable Curve

Jagadish Bapanapally and Ruben Gamboa

ACL2 Workshop 2017

May 23, 2017

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Theory

L ≈ n

i=1 | Pi − Pi−1 |

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Deriving length of a continuously differentiable curve

L = limn→∞ n

i=1 | Pi − Pi−1 |

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Deriving length of a continuously differentiable curve

L = limn→∞ n

i=1 | Pi − Pi−1 |

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) −f (ti−1) | {f (t) = x(t)+i ∗y(t), t0 ≤ t ≤ tn}

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Deriving length of a continuously differentiable curve

L = limn→∞ n

i=1 | Pi − Pi−1 |

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) −f (ti−1) | {f (t) = x(t)+i ∗y(t), t0 ≤ t ≤ tn}

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) − f (ti−1)

∆t | ∆t

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SLIDE 6

Deriving length of a continuously differentiable curve

L = limn→∞ n

i=1 | Pi − Pi−1 |

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) −f (ti−1) | {f (t) = x(t)+i ∗y(t), t0 ≤ t ≤ tn}

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) − f (ti−1)

∆t | ∆t = tn

t0 |f ′(t)| dt

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SLIDE 7

Deriving length of a continuously differentiable curve

L = limn→∞ n

i=1 | Pi − Pi−1 |

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) −f (ti−1) | {f (t) = x(t)+i ∗y(t), t0 ≤ t ≤ tn}

= limn→∞ n

i=1 | f (ti) − f (ti−1)

∆t | ∆t = tn

t0 |f ′(t)| dt

= tn

t0

dx dt 2 + dy dt 2 dt

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Continuously Differentiable curve

( encapsulate (( c ( x ) t ) ( c − d e r i v a t i v e ( x ) t )) ; ; Our witness continuous f u n c t i o n i s the i d e n t i t y ( l o c a l ( defun c ( x ) x )) ( l o c a l ( defun c − d e r i v a t i v e ( x ) ( d e c l a r e ( i g n o r e x )) 1 )) ; ( i−close (/ (− ( c x ) ( c y )) (− x y )) ; ( c − d e r i v a t i v e x )) ; ( i−close ( c − d e r i v a t i v e x ) ( c − d e r i v a t i v e y )) )

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Norm of the derivative of a continuous function is continuous

◮ Continuously differentiable function means it’s derivative is

continuous.

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Norm of the derivative of a continuous function is continuous

◮ Continuously differentiable function means it’s derivative is

continuous.

◮ real and imaginary parts of a continuous function are

  • continuous. (dx

dt , dy dt are continuous)

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Norm of the derivative of a continuous function is continuous

◮ Continuously differentiable function means it’s derivative is

continuous.

◮ real and imaginary parts of a continuous function are

  • continuous. (dx

dt , dy dt are continuous)

◮ Square of a continuous function is continuous.

dx dt 2 , dy dt 2 are continuous

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Norm of the derivative of a continuous function is continuous

◮ Continuously differentiable function means it’s derivative is

continuous.

◮ real and imaginary parts of a continuous function are

  • continuous. (dx

dt , dy dt are continuous)

◮ Square of a continuous function is continuous.

dx dt 2 , dy dt 2 are continuous

◮ Sum of 2 continuous functions is continuous.

dx dt 2 + dy dt 2 is continuous

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Square root of a continuous function is Continuous

( i m p l i e s (and ( realp y1 ) ( realp y2 ) ( i − l i m i t e d y1 ) ( i − l i m i t e d y2 ) (>= y1 0) (>= y2 0) ( not ( i−close y1 y2 ) ) ) ( not (= ( standard−part ( square y1 )) ( standard−part ( square y2 ) ) ) ) ) ( i m p l i e s (and ( realp y1 ) ( realp y2 ) ( i − l i m i t e d y1 ) ( i − l i m i t e d y2 ) (>= y1 0) (>= y2 0) ( not ( i−close y1 y2 ) ) ) ( not ( i−close ( square y1 ) ( square y2 ) ) ) )

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Square root of a continuous function is Continuous

( defthmd root−close−f ( i m p l i e s (and ( standardp x1 ) ( realp x1 ) ( realp x2 ) (>= x1 0) (>= x2 0) ( i−close x1 x2 )) ( i−close ( acl2−sqrt x1 ) ( acl2−sqrt x2 ) ) ) ; h i n t s

  • mitted

) ∴ dx dt 2 + dy dt 2 is continuous

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Riemann sum of the lengths of the chords

◮ Let h(t) =

dx dt 2 + dy dt 2

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Riemann sum of the lengths of the chords

◮ Let h(t) =

dx dt 2 + dy dt 2

◮ Riemann sum for the partition (t0, t1, t2, ..., tn) is

h(t1).∆t + h(t2).∆t + .....h(tn).∆t

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Riemann sum of the lengths of the chords

◮ Let h(t) =

dx dt 2 + dy dt 2

◮ Riemann sum for the partition (t0, t1, t2, ..., tn) is

h(t1).∆t + h(t2).∆t + .....h(tn).∆t

◮ We can prove this is limited using

limited − riemann − rcfn − small − partition in continuous − function book

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Riemann sum of the lengths of the chords

◮ Let h(t) =

dx dt 2 + dy dt 2

◮ Riemann sum for the partition (t0, t1, t2, ..., tn) is

h(t1).∆t + h(t2).∆t + .....h(tn).∆t

◮ We can prove this is limited using

limited − riemann − rcfn − small − partition in continuous − function book

◮ Thus as n → ∞, ∆t is infinitely small and riemann sum is

equal to tn

t0 h(t)dt

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Circumference of a circle with radius r

Circle with radius r (standard and real number) can defined as f (t) = r ∗ eit = r ∗ (cos t + i ∗ sin t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π

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Circumference of a circle with radius r

Circle with radius r (standard and real number) can defined as f (t) = r ∗ eit = r ∗ (cos t + i ∗ sin t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π let, g(t) = r ∗ (− sin t + i ∗ cos t)

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Circumference of a circle with radius r

Circle with radius r (standard and real number) can defined as f (t) = r ∗ eit = r ∗ (cos t + i ∗ sin t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π let, g(t) = r ∗ (− sin t + i ∗ cos t) Since, d

dt cos t = − sin t

and

d dt sin t = cos t,

f ′(t) ≈ g(t)

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Circumference of a circle with radius r

Circle with radius r (standard and real number) can defined as f (t) = r ∗ eit = r ∗ (cos t + i ∗ sin t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π let, g(t) = r ∗ (− sin t + i ∗ cos t) Since, d

dt cos t = − sin t

and

d dt sin t = cos t,

f ′(t) ≈ g(t) Since sin t and cos t are continuous, g(t) is continuous.

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Circumference of a circle with radius r

Circle with radius r (standard and real number) can defined as f (t) = r ∗ eit = r ∗ (cos t + i ∗ sin t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π let, g(t) = r ∗ (− sin t + i ∗ cos t) Since, d

dt cos t = − sin t

and

d dt sin t = cos t,

f ′(t) ≈ g(t) Since sin t and cos t are continuous, g(t) is continuous. Thus by using above proof length of f (t) is equal to 2π |g(t)| dt

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Applying second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

g(t) = r ∗ (− sin t + i ∗ cos t) |g(t)| = r; ∴ 2π |g(t)| dt = 2π r dt Let, h(t) = r ∗ t, h′(t) =| g(t) | ∴ Using second fundamental theorem of calculus 2π | g(t) | dt = h(2π) − h(0) = r ∗ 2 ∗ π