A hybrid LCA methodology to assess the environmental footprint of a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 1

A hybrid LCA methodology to assess the environmental footprint of a territory

• A french case study

Aurélie Gallice1, Séverine Mehier1, Fanny Tarrise-Vicard1, Sébastjen Worbe1

1VEOLIA Research & Innovatjon, Maison-Laffjtue, France

aurelie.gallice@veolia.com

Sommaire

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• 1. The Environmental Footprint from Veolia
• 2. Applicatjon of the footprint to a large scale territory
• 3. Some results
• 4. Conclusion

Content

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Context

1

Citjes are major drivers of change, gathering more than the half

• f

the world populatjon today. This proportjon is expected to increase to 66% by 2050

(source: un.org)

Territories must show their exemplarity in terms of environmental strategy to public authoritjes and economic actors. Territories competjtjon encourages communitjes to seek tools to integrate environmental consideratjons into their decision-making processes.

Urban populatjon by major geographical area (in per cent of total populatjon)

(United Natjons, Department of Economic and Social Afgairs, Populatjon Division: World Urbanizatjon Prospects, the 2011 Revision. New York, 2012)

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Can LCA be applied at city scale to guide and assess local environmental policies?

1

In the literature, city-scale studies

 Are LCA based but focus on a specifjc fjeld (waste management,

water services, etc.)

 Or only tackle carbon / GHG emissions

Focus of this study: a productjon and consumptjon-based approach, capturing local economic specifjcitjes:

 A combined footprint approach: Carbon*, Water**, Resources and

Ecosystem quality***,

 Impacts inside and outside the city boundaries,  A fjrst screening to target major drivers and guide policy.

Applicatjon to a large urban area, in France.

*EcoInvent & IPPC 2007 ; ** Bayart et al. (submitued to Int J LCA) The Water Impact Index, a simplifjed single indicator for water footprintjng; *** Hamon et al. (SETAC 2012 poster) Development of biodiversity and resources indicators assessing potentjal impacts throughout the life cycle of products, processes and services . Bugel et al. (Avnir 2012 poster) A new footprint method for territories and citjes including resources use and biodiversity loss issues.

Geographical limits: direct impacts LCA perimeter: including indirect impacts, generated outside the territory

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2

System defjnitjon and boundaries: accountjng for impact inside and outside the territory

Imported products for fjnal demand Consumptjon

• f local goods

Impacts generated by economic actjvitjes Impact generated by households consumptjon

Local actjvitjes producing exported goods Imported goods used for exported products

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Methodological framework: coupling Material Flow Analysis with Environmental Extended I/O

2

City : Local environment Imports Exports Local technosphere Direct

• utputs

Direct inputs Households expenses:

• Housing,
• Food,
• Goods,
• Transports,
• Public services.

Economic actjvitjes

Global Environment

Indirect inputs Indirect outputs

MFA Inventory (1st STEP) Coupling actjvitjes data with background processes (2nd step) Regionalized I/O for missing fmows

(3rd step)

Captjon:

Resources Emissions Intermediate fmows

Global technosphere

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Focus on : EE-IOA and regionalizatjon of natjonal data

2

Environmental Extended Intput-Output Analysis

The EE-IOA analysis is an economic modeling using input-

• utput tables and natjonal environmental accounts to ofger an

inventory of emissions and resource use for one sector of actjvity.

Regionalizatjon of natjonal data

The concept of regionalizatjon refers to botuom up or top- down approaches that allow to calculate economic data at a certain scale, startjng from local or natjonal data. Goal: Creatjon of a territory’s specifjc input-output table. Use of natjonal statjstjcal IO data. Use of local employment data by sector for this study.

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Food and consumptjon goods account for 1/3 of expenses, but more than 2/3 of every impacts

3

Impacts contributjon

• Ecosystem quality is mainly impacted by food productjon.
• Consumptjon goods are a major driver of resource depletjon

Expenses Ressource Carbon Biodiversity Water 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1252755.32% 0.00% 243101739982.98% 46741460309.19% 612251100.11% 478201.41% 0.00% 197770007000.00% 143547142934.91% 4388050545.50% 1075338.12% 0.00% 419727805432.50% 55099417440.00% 4973877664.92% 1439505.73% 0.00% 66197347191.86% 9082457815.78% 451049146.74% 290361.45% 0.00% 130932485781.55% 10117871622.31% 970129631.83%

Housing Food Consumptjon goods Public services Transport

Ecosystem

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The city economy relies on services, but impacts of industrials actjvitjes generate nearly half of the impacts

3

Impacts contributjon

• Impact on ecosystem quality are mainly driven by land use, but there is

almost no agricultural actjvity on the territory.

jobs Ressources Carbon Water Biodiversity 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 121382.89% 0.00% 4513944124.14%106151008.40%8691154167.51% 12309078.78% 8.88% 287561365000.00% 2941470833.04% 32382300609.80% 30965652.84% 6.98% 243364154829.74% 2792018365.28% 23502990174.95% 21914488.53% 0.97% 121634651483.31% 708536777.54% 11213028025.53% Public services Private Services Industry Agriculture Ecosystem

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Households consumptjon mainly generate impacts

• utside the city.

3

Housing Food Consumptjon goods Public services Transport

0.0E+00 2.0E+09 4.0E+09

Carbon (kg CO2 eq.)

0.0E+00 2.0E+07 4.0E+07

Water (m3 eq.)

• Few local productjon of food and consumptjon goods.
• Some budget items as housing, transports or publics services

are more localy centered.

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Carbon footprint present signifjcant reductjon potentjals for economic actjvitjes at local level.

3

• The territory can control the major part of its carbon footprint.
• Shares in carbon footprint reductjon in local companies will have a signifjcant

efgect on reducing the Carbon Footprint of the territory.

Manufacturing Food and beverage Motor Rentjng Trade Constructjon Coke & Fuels Chemicals Transport & telecom. Public services

0.0E+00 2.0E+08 4.0E+08 6.0E+08 8.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.2E+09 1.4E+09

Carbon Footprint, economic actjvitjes (kg CO2 eq.)

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Conclusion

4

Accountjng for impacts outside city’s boundaries is essentjal

in a life cycle perspectjve. Coupling local MFA with regionalized EE-IOA ofgers a fjrst screening to target major hotspots to improve environmental performances and defjne potentjal ways of reducing the environmental footprint of the territory. Economic specifjcitjes, trade partners and local environmental context (water availability, local resources… ) have key infmuences.

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Perspectjve

4

Replicability of the methodology to be applied to other

territories Is EE-IOA suffjcient to cover environmental impacts at a territory level ? State of art of regionalizatjon method (from economical perspectjve)  What about other regionalizatjon method in terms of relevance ?

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Some references:

1. GALLI, Alessandro, WIEDMANN Thomas, ERCIN, Ertug, KNOBLAUCH, Doris, EWING, Brad, GILJUM, Stefan. OPEN :EU. Integratjng Ecological, Carbon and Water Footprint: Defjning the Footprint Family and its Applicatjon in Tracking Human Pressure on the Planet. 2011, 73 p. 2. GILJUM, Stefan, BURGER, Eva, HINTERBERGER Friedrich, LUTTER, Stephan, BRUCKNER, Martjn. A comprehensive set of resource use indicators from the micro to the macro level. Resources, Conservatjon and Recycling. 2011,

• vol. 55, p. 300-308.

3. HENDRICKSON, C.T., LAVE, L.B., MATTHEWS, H.S. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-Output Approach. 2006. 4. RAMASWAMI, Anu, HILLMAN Tim, JANSON, Bruce, REINER, Mark, THOMAS, Gregg. A demand-centered, hybrid life-cycle methodology for city-scale greenhouse gas inventories. Environmental Science & Technology. 2008, vol. 42, p 6455-6461. 5. RAMASWAMI, Anu, CHAVEZ Abel, Progress toward low carbon citjes: approaches transboundary GHG emissions’ footprintjng, Future Science, 12p. 6. WIEDMANN, Thomas, WILTING, Harry,LUTTER, Stephan, PALM, Viveka, GILJUM, Stefan, WADESKOG, Anders, NIJDAM Durk. SKEP ERA-NET Project EIPOT. Development of a methodology for the assessment of global environmental impacts of traded goods and services. 2009. 84p. ISBN: 978-1-84911-121-8. 7. HEINONEN, J., JUNNILA, S., Case study on the carbon consumptjon of two metropolitan citjes, The Internatjonal Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2011, vol. 16, n°6, p. 569-579. 8. KENNEDY, C., STEINBERGER, J., GASSON, B., HANSEN, Y., HILLMAN, T., HAVRANEK, M., PATAKI, D. PHDUNGSILP, A., RAMASWAMI, A., MENDEZ, G.V. Greenhouse Gaz emissions from Global Citjes. Environmental Science &

• Technology. 2009, vol. 43, n°19, p. 7297-7302.