A hybrid LCA methodology to assess the environmental footprint of a - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A hybrid LCA methodology to assess the environmental footprint of a territory - A french case study Aurélie Gallice 1 , Séverine Mehier 1 , Fanny Tarrise-Vicard 1 , Sébastjen Worbe 1 1 VEOLIA Research & Innovatjon, Maison-Laffjtue, France aurelie.gallice@veolia.com 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 1

Sommaire Content 1. The Environmental Footprint from Veolia 2. Applicatjon of the footprint to a large scale territory 3. Some results 4. Conclusion 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 2

1 Context Urban populatjon by major geographical area (in per cent of total populatjon) (United Natjons, Department of Economic and Social Afgairs, Populatjon Division: World Urbanizatjon Prospects, the 2011 Revision. New York, 2012) Citjes are major drivers of change, gathering more than the half of the world populatjon today . This proportjon is expected to increase to 66% by 2050 (source: un.org) Territories must show their exemplarity in terms of environmental strategy to public authoritjes and economic actors. Territories competjtjon encourages communitjes to seek tools to integrate environmental consideratjons into their decision-making processes. 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 3

Can LCA be applied at city scale to guide and 1 assess local environmental policies? In the literature, city-scale studies  Are LCA based but focus on a specifjc fjeld (waste management, water services, etc.)  Or only tackle carbon / GHG emissions Focus of this study: a productjon and consumptjon-based approach, capturing local economic specifjcitjes :  A combined footprint approach: Carbon*, Water**, Resources and Ecosystem quality***,  Impacts inside and outside the city boundaries,  A fjrst screening to target major drivers and guide policy. Applicatjon to a large urban area, in France. *EcoInvent & IPPC 2007 ; ** Bayart et al. (submitued to Int J LCA) The Water Impact Index, a simplifjed single indicator for water footprintjng; *** Hamon et al. (SETAC 2012 poster) Development of biodiversity and resources indicators assessing potentjal impacts throughout the life cycle of products, processes and services . 11/17/14 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovatjon 4 Bugel et al. (Avnir 2012 poster) A new footprint method for territories and citjes including resources use and biodiversity loss issues.

System defjnitjon and boundaries: accountjng for 2 impact inside and outside the territory Geographical limits: direct impacts LCA perimeter: including indirect impacts, generated outside the territory Impacts generated by economic actjvitjes Local actjvitjes Imported goods Imported Consumptjon producing used for exported products for of local goods exported goods products fjnal demand Impact generated by households consumptjon 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 5

Methodological framework: coupling Material 2 Flow Analysis with Environmental Extended I/O Global Environment Coupling actjvitjes data Indirect Global technosphere with inputs background Indirect outputs processes (2 nd step) City : Local environment Regionalized I/O for missing Local technosphere fmows (3 rd step) Imports Exports Households expenses: • Housing, MFA Inventory • Food, (1 st STEP) • Goods, • Transports, • Public services. Direct Direct outputs inputs Captjon: Resources Emissions Economic actjvitjes Intermediate fmows 11/17/14 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovatjon 6

Focus on : 2 EE-IOA and regionalizatjon of natjonal data Environmental Extended Intput-Output Analysis The EE-IOA analysis is an economic modeling using input- output tables and natjonal environmental accounts to ofger an inventory of emissions and resource use for one sector of actjvity. Regionalizatjon of natjonal data The concept of regionalizatjon refers to botuom up or top- down approaches that allow to calculate economic data at a certain scale, startjng from local or natjonal data. Goal: Creatjon of a territory’s specifjc input-output table. Use of natjonal statjstjcal IO data. Use of local employment data by sector for this study. 11/17/14 Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovatjon 7

Food and consumptjon goods account for 1/3 of 3 expenses, but more than 2/3 of every impacts Impacts contributjon 100% 10117871622.31% 290361.45% 970129631.83% 9082457815.78% 130932485781.55% 0.00% 90% 451049146.74% 0.00% 66197347191.86% 55099417440.00% 80% 1439505.73% 70% 4973877664.92% 60% 419727805432.50% 0.00% 50% 1075338.12% 143547142934.91% 40% 478201.41% 30% 197770007000.00% 4388050545.50% 20% 0.00% 1252755.32% 10% 243101739982.98% 0.00% 46741460309.19% 612251100.11% 0% Expenses Ressource Carbon Biodiversity Water Ecosystem Housing Food Consumptjon goods Public services Transport • Ecosystem quality is mainly impacted by food productjon. • Consumptjon goods are a major driver of resource depletjon 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 8

The city economy relies on services, but impacts of 3 industrials actjvitjes generate nearly half of the impacts Impacts contributjon 100% 0.97% 708536777.54% 11213028025.53% 121634651483.31% 90% 21914488.53% 80% 6.98% 70% 23502990174.95% 2792018365.28% 243364154829.74% 60% 50% 30965652.84% 40% 32382300609.80% 30% 8.88% 2941470833.04% 287561365000.00% 20% 10% 12309078.78% 4513944124.14%106151008.40%8691154167.51% 0% 121382.89% 0.00% Ecosystem jobs Ressources Carbon Water Biodiversity Public services Private Services Industry Agriculture • Impact on ecosystem quality are mainly driven by land use, but there is almost no agricultural actjvity on the territory. 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 9

Households consumptjon mainly generate impacts 3 outside the city. Water (m3 eq.) Carbon (kg CO2 eq.) Transport Public services Consumptjon goods Food Housing 0.0E+00 2.0E+09 4.0E+09 0.0E+00 2.0E+07 4.0E+07 • Few local productjon of food and consumptjon goods. • Some budget items as housing, transports or publics services are more localy centered. 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 10

Carbon footprint present signifjcant reductjon potentjals 3 for economic actjvitjes at local level. Carbon Footprint, economic actjvitjes (kg CO2 eq.) Public services Transport & telecom. Chemicals Coke & Fuels Constructjon Trade Rentjng Motor Food and beverage Manufacturing 0.0E+00 2.0E+08 4.0E+08 6.0E+08 8.0E+08 1.0E+09 1.2E+09 1.4E+09 • The territory can control the major part of its carbon footprint.  Shares in carbon footprint reductjon in local companies will have a signifjcant efgect on reducing the Carbon Footprint of the territory. 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 12

4 Conclusion Accountjng for impacts outside city’s boundaries is essentjal in a life cycle perspectjve. Coupling local MFA with regionalized EE-IOA ofgers a fjrst screening to target major hotspots to improve environmental performances and defjne potentjal ways of reducing the environmental footprint of the territory. Economic specifjcitjes , trade partners and local environmental context (water availability, local resources… ) have key infmuences . 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 13

4 Perspectjve Replicability of the methodology to be applied to other territories Is EE-IOA suffjcient to cover environmental impacts at a territory level ? State of art of regionalizatjon method (from economical perspectjve)  What about other regionalizatjon method in terms of relevance ? 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 14

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Some references: 1. GALLI, Alessandro, WIEDMANN Thomas, ERCIN, Ertug, KNOBLAUCH, Doris, EWING, Brad, GILJUM, Stefan. OPEN :EU. Integratjng Ecological, Carbon and Water Footprint: Defjning the Footprint Family and its Applicatjon in Tracking Human Pressure on the Planet. 2011, 73 p. 2. GILJUM, Stefan, BURGER, Eva, HINTERBERGER Friedrich, LUTTER, Stephan, BRUCKNER, Martjn. A comprehensive set of resource use indicators from the micro to the macro level. Resources, Conservatjon and Recycling . 2011, vol. 55, p. 300-308. 3. HENDRICKSON, C.T., LAVE, L.B., MATTHEWS, H.S. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-Output Approach. 2006. 4. RAMASWAMI, Anu, HILLMAN Tim, JANSON, Bruce, REINER, Mark, THOMAS, Gregg. A demand-centered, hybrid life-cycle methodology for city-scale greenhouse gas inventories. Environmental Science & Technology . 2008, vol. 42, p 6455-6461. 5. RAMASWAMI, Anu, CHAVEZ Abel, Progress toward low carbon citjes: approaches transboundary GHG emissions’ footprintjng , Future Science , 12p. 6. WIEDMANN, Thomas, WILTING, Harry,LUTTER, Stephan, PALM, Viveka, GILJUM, Stefan, WADESKOG, Anders, NIJDAM Durk. SKEP ERA-NET Project EIPOT. Development of a methodology for the assessment of global environmental impacts of traded goods and services. 2009. 84p. ISBN: 978-1-84911-121-8. 7. HEINONEN, J., JUNNILA, S., Case study on the carbon consumptjon of two metropolitan citjes, The Internatjonal Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2011, vol. 16, n°6, p. 569-579. 8. KENNEDY, C., STEINBERGER, J., GASSON, B., HANSEN, Y., HILLMAN, T., HAVRANEK, M., PATAKI, D. PHDUNGSILP, A., RAMASWAMI, A., MENDEZ, G.V. Greenhouse Gaz emissions from Global Citjes. Environmental Science & Technology . 2009, vol. 43, n°19, p. 7297-7302. 11/17/14 Veolia Research & Innovatjon 15