PhD Thesis presentation : Chemical composition and biofuel potential - PDF document

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257699693 PhD Thesis presentation : Chemical composition and biofuel potential of plant biomasses Thesis · February 2013 CITATIONS READS 0 916 1 author: Bruno Godin Walloon Agricultural Research Centre CRA-W 44 PUBLICATIONS 378 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: BIOETHANOL View project Impact of salinity on the behaviour of Kosteletzkya pentacarpos to polymetallic contamination View project All content following this page was uploaded by Bruno Godin on 20 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

PhD presentation Chemical composition and biofuel potential of plant biomasses Presented by : Ir Bruno GODIN Promoters : Prof. Patrick GERIN (UCL-ELI) 13/02/2013 Dr Jérôme DELCARTE (CRA-W) 1

1. Context • Production of plant biomasses • Conversion into biofuels • Chemical composition and suitabilities to be converted into biofuel • Fibrous plant biomasses 2 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Fossil energy Adapted of Vanholme, 2012 ● High production of greenhouse gas  Climate change ● High dependence on fossil fuels  Volatile prices and uncertain availability 3 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Renewable energy from biomasses Adapted of Vanholme, 2012 Biofuel production from biomasses requires an accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the used resource 4 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Biomass conversion to bioenergy • Biomass • Annual crop / Perennial crop / Algae / Wood/ Residues / Waste • Bioenergy • Thermal / Electric / Mechanical • Conversion pathways • Thermochemical  Combustion • Biological  Anaerobic digestion / Ethanolic fermentation 5 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Fibrous plant biomasses • Non-food • Acceptable biomass yield par hectare • In less favorable soil and climatic conditions • Need less input Annual Perennial Residues Miscanthus Switchgrass Tall fescue Hemp Spelt straw Adapted of ENERBIOM, 2012 6 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Chemical composition of plant cell walls Plant cell wall polymers Lignin (5-15%) Hemicelluloses (10-30%) Cellulose (20-40%) Adapted of Gnansounou, 2006  Cellulose  Homogeneous and linear polysaccharide made of glucose units  Hemicelluloses  Heterogeneous and ramified polysaccharides mainly made of xylose units  Lignin  Phenylpropan polymer  Other compounds  Pectins, proteins 7 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Chemical composition of plant cell walls Commelinids species differ in the composition of their wall 8 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Outline 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects 9

1. What are the key parameters to be used to assess the gross energy productivity?  Gross energy productivity per hectare  Relative chemical characteristics of the biomass  Unknown impact  Dry matter yield per hectare  Dry matter content What are the key parameters to classify fibrous plant species in order to maximize the gross energy productivity? 10 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

2 . What are the relevant parameters to be used to assess the suitabilities to be converted into biofuel?  Suitabilities to be converted into biofuel  Identification of joint relevant parameters of the chemical composition  Optimization of the analytical investment What are the relevant parameters of the chemical composition of plant biomasses to be used to assess their suitabilities to be converted into biofuel? 11 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

3. What are the chemical characteristics of plant biomasses?  Optimizing biomass conversion requires a good knowledge of the chemical characteristics  Chemical composition  Hemicelluloses composition  Suitabilities to be converted into biofuel What is the chemical composition of the considered biomasses? • Sort these biomasses into groups with similar characteristics? 12 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

4. How to quantify correctly cellulose and hemicelluloses? • Abundance of the cellulose and hemicelluloses • Assess available resources for biofuel production • Van Soest method • Reference • Bias ? What is the appropriate method for the quantification of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the context of biofuel production? 13 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects

Outline 1. Context 2. Objectives 3. Results and discussion 4. Conclusions and prospects 14

3.1. Key parameters to assess the gross energy productivity  Relative chemical characteristics of the biomass  Dry matter yield per hectare  Dry matter content 15 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Most important parameters to assess the productivity

Key parameters to assess the gross energy productivity  Dry matter yield per hectare  Plant maturity  Autumn / (example of fiber sorghum) Bioethanol Indicator for the Indicator for the Dry matter yield potential anaerobic digestion combustion per hectare Tons of enzymatically digestible orgnic matter/(hectare x year) Higher heating value Liters of bioethanol Tons of dry matter /(hectare x year) /(hectare x year) /(hectare x year) 16

Key parameters to assess the gross energy productivity  Dry matter yield per hectare  Plant species  Soil and climate conditions  Example of Gembloux (favorable) vs Libramont (less favorable) Tons of dry matter /(hectare x year) 17 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Most important parameters to assess the productivity

Key parameters to assess the gross energy productivity  Dry matter content  Combustion  Bioethanol 18 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Most important parameters to assess the productivity

Key parameters to assess the gross energy productivity  Chemical characteristics of the biomass  Unimportant / (example of fiber sorghum)  Not unimportant for the biofuel conversion process Bioethanol Indicator for the Indicator for the Chemical potential anaerobic digestion combustion composition Tons of enzymatically digestible orgnic matter /(hectare x year) GJ of higher heating value Liters of bioethanol Chemical components /(hectare x year) /(hectare x year) kg/kg of dry matter 19

3.2. Chemical composition and suitabilities to be converted into biofuel 20 3. Results and discussion 3.2. Chemical composition and biofuel potential

Chemical composition and suitabilities to be converted into biofuel  Plant species diversity structured into groups with similar chemical characteristics NC-LF CO-LF NC-WO PI-FI CO : Commelinid s NC : Non-commelinid magnoliophyta PI : Pinophyta Godin B., Lamaudière S., Agneessens R., , Schmit T., Goffart J.-P., Stilmant D., Gerin P. & Delcarte J., 2013. Energy and Fuels , 27, 2588-2598. 21 3. Results and discussion 3.2. Chemical composition and biofuel potential

Chemical composition and suitabilities to be converted into biofuel  Chemical composition of the groups with similar chemical characteristics 1,0 Chemical components kg/kg of dry matter 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Commelinids Non-commelinid magnoliophyta Pinophyta CO-FI CO-MF CO-AM NC-LI NC-FI NC-MF NC-SU GY-FI (n=382) (n=348) (n=146) (n=8) (n=123) (n=21) (n=8) (n=3) soluble sugars Less fibrous Less fibrous Fibrous Rich in total Fibrous Fibrous Woody Rich in starch Phylogenetic cleavage  Hemicelluloses and Lignin Fiber cleavage 22 3. Results and discussion 3.2. Chemical composition and biofuel potential

Chemical composition and suitabilities to be converted into biofuel  Plant species diversity structured into groups with similar chemical characteristics NC-LF PI-FI NC-WO CO : Commelinid s NC : Non-commelinid magnoliophyta PI : Pinophyta Godin B., Lamaudière S., Agneessens R., , Schmit T., Goffart J.-P., Stilmant D., Gerin P. & Delcarte J., 2013. Energy and Fuels , 27, 2588-2598. 23 3. Results and discussion 3.2. Chemical composition and biofuel potential

Chemical composition and suitabilities to be converted into biofuel  Hemicelluloses composition of the groups with similar chemical characteristics Hemicellulosic components kg/kg of hemicelluloses 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Pinophyta Commelinids Non-commelinid magnoliophyta CO-FI CO-MF CO-AM NC-LI NC-FI NC-MF NC-SU GY-FI (n=120) (n=56) (n=37) (n=8) (n=47) (n=21) (n=8) (n=3) soluble sugars Less fibrous Less fibrous Rich in total Fibrous Fibrous Fibrous Woody Rich in starch Phylogenetic cleavage  Xylan+Arabinan and Mannan 24 3. Results and discussion 3.2. Chemical composition and biofuel potential