E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y f P R E S E N T A T I O N WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECT T.N.R.D. British Columbia GASIFICA nON TO ENERGY Reasonable, Responsible & Recvcline 4~~ Idaha Natianallabaralary Biosphere E N V IR O N M E N T A L E N E R G Y ISORE*" 1 r.E :i1 i B E L T R A N Ec~ B E L T R A N A S S O C I A T E S IN S " " " ':::" ;;'" ~ 1
~ W a s te to E n e r g y 3P projects can yield interesting benefits '4 P u b lic P r iv a te P a r tn e r s h ip s • Intended to satisfy public goals with private discipline. • On Time, On Budget and operations as expected. • Our MRRF is intended to be a partnership. Gives T.N.R.D. and other participants active involvement in the public recycling goals of the Province and Canada. • Clear principals and integrity in execution. 2
P R I V A T E P U B L I C 4 P A R T N E R S H I P S -A ll R is k s • Transferable Risk • Project delivery risk profile • Lifecycle Cost Certainty • Open and transparent communication P ro je c t D e liv e ry R is k Courtesy: Epcor 3
-4 Biosphere Gasifier Rendering '4 F r o n t E n d R e c y c lin g • We tend to prefer projects which remove recyclable materials, and non recyclable materials . • We can't gasify stone and glass, and we should recycle aluminum cans, etc. 4
• Transfer to Waste Processing can be direct or by trans shipment . • Baling systems can produce wrapped waste with NO odor and NO negative image. 5
-4 V is u a lly n e u tr a l. • Bales weigh approximately 3,500 pounds each. I • • Compressed approximately 14:1 ratio. • Can be stacked deeply, and held in high temperatures without problems l. ;;K , R e fu s e D e r iv e d F u e l • Municipal solid waste (MSW) is processed into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in a MRF - i.e., in a Material Recycling Facility • The RDF can be gasified in an Biosphere Gasifier • The RDF can also be mixed with 82% moisture content "belt pressed" Municipal sewage sludge and gasified in an Biosphere Gasifier 6
-4 Prototype 15 Million Btulh Unit 7
-4 Direct-fired lumber kilns ~ Indirectly fired dryer in Pulp mill 8
Firing lime kiln Proven Commercial ~ Performance • Two units (45,000,000 Btu x 2) have been running continuously for 27 years. • The machine has lasted longer than most of the ten forestry product companies who installed units. • Reliable, robust, solid and proven fluidized bed updraft gasification that can project finance. 9
'4 Miscellaneous Wastes • Municipal Solid Waste • Refuse derived fuel • Bio Solids or Sludge from waste water • Used Railway Ties & Telephone Poles • Construction and Demolition Debris • Land Clearing Debris • Poultry litter • Cow Manure • Pig Manure • Mixtures of the above Diagram of 3 - 90 Million Btulh Biosphere Gasifiers "Externally" Co- firing an existing boiler 10
-4 - F ir in g i o f S te a m T u r b in e • Biomass is gasified in separate units built alongside of steam turbine. • Gasifiers 2,OOO°F ± 200°F products of combustion are ducted to Heat Exchangers which drive steam into the Turbine. • Products of combustion from Heat Exchanger goes into our special bag houses. • B io m a s s m o is tu re c o n te n t U D to 6 5 % is "OK" fa, ou' aasifiers. ~ -4 S ig n ific a n t F e a tu r e s , 1 • Four air sources: • Underfire air gasifies biomass in the pi stage • Overfire air preheats 1'1 stage producer gas to ensure ignition in the 2 nd stage • Primary combustion air ignites the preheated producer gas at the bottom of the 2 nd stage • Secondary combustion air completes combustion of producer gas in the 2 nd stage 11
'4 Significant Featnres, 2 ~ • Very large pt stage grate area • Hence grate temperature :5:1,200°F • Hence essentially zero slag • Ash can be reclaimed as valuable products • Very low underfire air flow • (only need sufficient air to gasify biomass) • Hence very low particulate elutriation off pile Significant Featnres, 3 In ~ • The Biosphere Gasifier can burn biomass with moisture contents up to 65% (wet basis) and ash contents up to 35% • 5:1 turndown ratio is standard: 9:1 is not uncommon • 15 second reSDonse time to steD chanae in Btu Demand sianal • Abort valve permits rapid dumping of products of combustion in an emergency 12
L :; tiK ~ R e fu s e D e r iv e d F u e l • Municipal solid waste (MSW) is processed into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in a MRF - i.e., in a Material Recycling Facility • The RDF can be gasified in an Biosphere Gasifier • The RDF can also be mixed with 82% moisture content "belt pressed" Thunder Bay Municipal sewage sludge and gasified in an Biosphere Gasifier ~ P h y s ic a l P la n t C o n s tr u c tio n 13
~ C O N S T R U C T I O N • Estimated direct ~ workforce will be 35 ~ to 40 men for ~ approximately ~ fourteen months ...• • Additional jobs will likely be in transportation and supply. 14
-4 C o n s tr u c tio n M a jo r T r a d e s • Heavy Equipment operators • Electrical, Major and sub-systems • Machinists, Welders and fitters • Power Equipment, Cranes, Concrete • Refractory ~ E n v ir o n m e n ta l C o m p lia n c e 15
KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED -4 NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION; CLIMATE CHANGE • Reducing the greenhouse gas effects of the combustion of fossil fuels is exactly the value produced by a biomass and refuse derived fuel based power plant . • ZERO "new" C02 production cycle. -- I '4 Biosphere Gasifier 1 st Stage: gentle • updraft gasification on very large grate 2 nd Stage: vigorous, • double vortex, cydonic combustion CO < 1 DDm. NO x < 15 • Emissions (untreated): < 100 ma/Nm 3 DDm. Darticulate (< 0.125 Ib/l0 6 Btu: < 0.04 ar/dscfl • Emissions listed are Drior to treatment. Bag House @ PM2.5 and Wet Tubular Electrostatic Precipitators are planned for projects. • Units in continuous operation for 25+ years 16
4Significant Features, 4 • Staged combustion permits operating with excess air levels as low as 15% • The lime kiln test unit burned 55 % moisture content hog fuel and supplied 2,200°F flue gas to the kiln @ e = 15% • Stal!:edcombustion and low temperatures (due to wet fuels) combine to produce virtuallv zero thermal NOx I I!,..... • .....•.• 4 Significant Features,S • Dioxins and Furans Destroyed, viz., • Chlorine can react with cellulose to form dioxins and furans in the 1<1 stage • However, these gases are destroyed in the 2 nd stage with its 1,800°F plus brick walls • No black waterwalls are present to chilI • and lock in - dioxins or furans in the 2 nd stage 17
M.A.C.T . ~ Dioxins & Furans • M.A.C.T. is maximum available control technology. (Also sometimes known as B.A.C.T. or Best Available Control Technology) • • While we should not have any issue with this on our gasification, we include special bag houses that would automatically catch any dioxins or furans at 40% below the current A7 Ontario Standards. Very, very clean. ~Natural Exposure is Forest Fire FIgure 1: U.S. Dioxin Sources. Year 2004 Source$1 1106 g-TEO [EPA-Ouantlfled W.U1elncine •• ni •••• + 1280 a_TEO [For.n Fir. sources"] S••" •• :•••• 8;;1ckY;lrd Tra'!;l'1 2386 g-TEO (TouI] ", SOcietal Burning _ 1··9·.·•••••••• ••••.•••• _ ;:6", EUeI9)1foe".1-HiolO '(IoInI>< ••• t_~ SOluees u .•.• ,..-"'•.•• u..- ••••• ", .•... 1_ .••••.• ··1 5!. 01"•••Hi')" T""'I'''''''''''' S"UlC.$ ", Me'.lltlllqic.J1 P,oces,u,s )', Ch.mk,)1 ", ••" ••r.1C,"II;"'.:I ". l'm<lSI ••<I'J" \ AI'l'lic.ni ••n )', 18
~ C a ta ly tic F ilte r S y s te m M u n ic ip a l S o lid W a s te In c in e ra to r IY R O " ... DioJin~ionwithCataJrticFilte'lIedia --_ ...•... ~ .•. _~-~ .. - .. , • .s Q .8 1 ••• '; .." "I,..' ',~ .. 't'\.'\~-¥~~~yy~ r: 4 M e ta ls , S:~~o~~:le~n~~:ration S o u th w e s te rn U n ite d Slales T e s t B u m E m is s io n Summary: . - - .- . -, -- -. -, B E L T R A N - 58,55 57,60 60,79 . 0 0 0 B E L .T R A N A S S O C IA T E S S H e . DRE 0/0 - -- -- - - .- -- --. -- -- - -- -- -- -- Wet Tubular Electrostatic Precipitator j ~. r 19
.•. -- ... - .••. ~ - .•......••.•...•••... Dioxins &. Furans Ontario A7 to Project 1 o A7 M.A.C.T. EXCEEDSALL REQUIREMENTS (0.14 A7 VS 0.049) 20
~ PARTICULATE ONTARIO A7 TO PROJECT 100 80 60 40 20 o A7 G M.A.C.T. FAR EXCEEDS REQUIREMENTS NOx ONTARIO A7 LIMIT TO PROJECT 21
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