4. Development of Medieval Europe 4.1. Byzantine Empire 4.2. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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4. Development of Medieval Europe 4.1. Byzantine Empire 4.2. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 29, 2023 91 likes •917 views

4. Development of Medieval Europe 4.1. Byzantine Empire 4.2. Muhammad and the Spread of Islam 4.3. Sunni/Shia Schism and Caliphates 4.4. Charlemagne and Empire 4.5. Invaders, Raiders and Feudal Development 4.6. Agriculture, Trade &

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  • 4. Development of Medieval Europe
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4.1. Byzantine Empire 4.2. Muhammad and the Spread of Islam 4.3. Sunni/Shia Schism and Caliphates

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4.4. Charlemagne and Empire 4.5. Invaders, Raiders and Feudal Development 4.6. Agriculture, Trade & the Rise of Cities

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4.7. Universities, Theology, Philosophy & the Arts 4.8. William of Normandy and the English Model 4.9. Papal Monarchy

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4.10. Crusade Mentality, Reconquest of Iberia 4.11. Magna Carta as Game Changer 4.12. Mongols & Muscovy

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4.13. Black Death 4.14. Socio-Economic Impact of the Black Death 4.15. The 100 Years’ War

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4.16. Impact of War 4.17. The Papal Schism 4.18. Europe in the Late Middle Ages

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4.1. Byzantine Empire

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The Byzantine Empire in 650 A.D.

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  • Justinian (r. 527-565)
  • Attempted Recreation
  • f Old Empire, East/

West

  • Codification of Laws
  • Fortress City, Trade
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4.2. Muhammad and the Spread of Islam

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  • Muhammad and Islam
  • Visions Inspired by

Allah

  • Qur’an/Koran
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  • Mecca, Ka’aba, Trade,

To Medina 622

  • Unity of Political and

Religious Authority

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4.3. Sunni/Shia Schism and Caliphates

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Five Pillars:

  • Belief in Allah,

Muhammad as Prophet

  • Prayer Five Times a Day
  • Ramadan Fasting
  • Pilgrimage to Mecca

and the Ka’aba

  • Charity/Alms
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  • Muhammad: Who is

to lead Islam?

  • Sunni/Shi’ia: Leader
  • f Islam
  • Personal Struggle:

Jihad

  • Expansionism
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4.4. Charlemagne and Empire

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Charlemagne, 768-814

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  • Expansionism and

Conversion

  • Counts, Missi,

Coinage, Court Culture

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  • Charlemagne, The

Pope, Rome and Christmas 800

  • Idea of a Holy, Roman,

Emperor

  • Cooperation of Crown

and Church

  • Treaty of Verdun in 843
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4.5. Invaders, Raiders and Feudal Development

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  • Late Roman Empire

Invasions: Vandals, Goths, Franks, Huns

  • Challenges of

Vikings, Magyars and Muslims

  • Raid or Settlement?
  • Ninth & Tenth

Centuries

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  • From Raids to

Settlement

  • Magyars into Hungary,

Muslims into Sicily

  • Viking Expansionism
  • Threats Spur Change
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  • Fiefs, Vassals, Lords,

Homage & Manors

  • Two & Three Field

Systems of Production

  • Tithes, Fees, Taxes in

Kind, Limited Coinage

  • Free/Unfree Labor:

Serfs, Slaves, Peasants

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4.6. Agriculture, Trade and the Rise of Cities

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  • Increased Food Supply,

Efficiency

  • Cities as Trade Depots
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  • The Commune: Laon

Buys Freedom, 1116

  • Guilds, Monopolies,

Banking & Credit

  • Urban Environments
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4.7. Universities, Theology, Philosophy and the Arts

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  • Personnel for Church

and State

  • The 7 Liberal Arts
  • Specialists: Law,

Theology, Medicine

  • Scholasticism: Faith

and Reason

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4.8. William of Normandy and the English Model

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  • Disputed Inheritance:

Anglo-Saxon England

  • William of Normandy
  • Battle of Hastings,

1066

  • Consolidation of

Holdings, Fiefs

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  • Norman Fusion
  • Shires, Reeves, and

Control of England

  • Tower of London
  • Domesday Survey of

1086

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4.9. Papal Monarchy

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  • Bishop of Rome,

Petrine Supremacy, Papal States

  • Lay Investiture: Politics

& the Church

  • Papal Power: Schism,

Investiture, Crusade

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Pope Gregory VII vs. King Henry IV in 1077

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4.10. Crusade Mentality, Reconquest of Iberia

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  • Expansion:

Christendom in Europe

  • Reconquest of

Iberia: 711-1492, Militant Faith

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4.11. Magna Carta as Game Changer

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  • English Development

to 1199

  • King John, r.

1199-1216

  • Taxes, Military,

Interdict, Excommunication

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  • Magna Carta of 1215
  • Church Freedom,

Rule of Law, Monarch Under Law

  • Fair Taxation,

Inheritance and Property Control

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4.12. Mongols and Muscovy

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  • Unity of Mongols,

Invasion of China

  • Silk Road Empire of

the Steppe

  • Seized Kiev by 1240
  • Muscovy/Moscow

Rises to Power

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4.13. Black Death

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  • Bacteria/Flea/Rat,

Many Forms Spread It

  • Devastated China 1331
  • Followed the Silk Road
  • Into Italy 1347
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  • Variable Death Rates:

1347–51 Across Region

  • Estimations: 25-50%
  • Confused Many: How?
  • Anti-Semitism
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4.14. Socio-Economic Impact of the Black Death

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  • Broke Feudalism and

Manorialism in Spots

  • Serious Labor Crisis
  • Elite Attempts to Stop

the Rise of Labor Fail

  • Revolts: France,

England and Italy

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4.15. The 100 Years’ War

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  • Since 1066 English

Kings Had French Land

  • War in Spurts in France
  • English Victories:

Crecy (1346), Poitiers, (1356) Agincourt (1415)

  • Joan of Arc (died 1431)
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4.16. Impact of War

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  • Central Monarchies:

Office of Government

  • Expensive Militaries

Need Tax Funding

  • English Parliament

Rises

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4.17. The Papal Schism

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  • Petrine Supremacy Idea in

the West

  • Avignon: Pope Under

French Influence 1309

  • “Babylonian Captivity”
  • Disputed Election of 1378:

Two Popes!

  • Rise of Popular Piety
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4.18. Europe in the Late Middle Ages

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  • Centralizing Monarchs:

England, France, Spain

  • Christian Disunity: The

Challenges to the Pope

  • Economic Power: The

Hanseatic League, Venice, England

  • Optimism and Energy
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