Internet of Things 2017/2018 Intelligent Transportation Systems Johan Lukkien John Carpenter, 1982 Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 1 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Overview • In four sections – Intelligent Transportation Systems – Vehicle to vehicle: safety applications – Vehicle to infra structure: information applications – Safety, privacy and security Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 2 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
ITS Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 3 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Guiding questions • What are goals of ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems)? • How is the general structure of ITS? • Goal: – Study a larger example of an IoT system. – Show how the different parts fit together. Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 4 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Vehicles operate using networked ICT Driver Control In-car network Local Local Local Control Control Control Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 5 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
In-vehicle networks Diagnose • Networks of ECUs Gateway – 40-80 in a modern car • Designed for – cooperative behavior – specialist (remote) management / diagnostics K-CAN MOST K-CAN SI-BUS PT-CAN System Periphery (Byteflight) • Gateway support for isolation BMW 7 series infrastructure Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 6 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Vehicles become parts of a larger whole • Vehicle to Vehicle Accident prevention (V2V) communication – ad-hoc – collaborative applications • Applications are distributed V2V network • Actuation may pass Driver Driver Driver by driver control Control Control Control Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 7 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Physical organization in V2V IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.3, (WiMAX) IP-based network (ethernet) with wide-area IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) 3G, 4G …… coverage, wireless or wired Road side units (RSUs, network central devices) RSU are connected to the Internet RSU RSU Moving vehicles connect Vehicle Vehicle ad-hoc to each other and to Vehicle access points of the ambient infra structure Vehicle Technology: IEEE 802.11p Vehicle IEEE 802.11p Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 8 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
V2V ad-hoc Middle layer Multi hop Single hop (no hop) (ambient infra structure) (access points) Bottom layer Multi hop Most general case: Moving clusters moving clusters through connecting to access ambient infra structure points (V2I) (ad-hoc clustering) (V2I) + ad-hoc networks (V2V) + ad-hoc networks (V2V) Single hop Moving nodes Moving nodes connecting to ambient connecting to access infra structure points Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 9 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Multiple technologies AU Application Unit Node Server OBU On Board Unit GW Gateway RSU Road Side Unit Internet HS Hot spot GW Access Network Infrastructure HS RSU Domain RSU Ad-Hoc OBU OBU Domain In-Vehicle AU AU OBU Domain AU IEEE 802.11p IEEE 802.11a/b/g Other wireless technology (full coverage) C2C-CC (Car2Car Communication Consortium initiated by six European car manufacturers) architecture (~2010) Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 10 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
3G/4G/5G Middle layer Multi hop Single hop (no hop) (ambient infra structure) (access points) Bottom layer Multi hop Most general case: Moving clusters moving clusters through connecting to access ambient infra structure points + ad-hoc networks + ad-hoc networks Single hop Moving nodes Moving nodes connecting to ambient connecting to access infra structure points Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 11 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Congestion control Road maintenance Environment control A conceptual view End-user applications Car sharing • Event management Example data flows: (1) (3) – (1) gather detailed driving data to Internet, V2I determine • local weather Accident prevention V2V V2V • road condition – (2) accident prevention by direct intervention (4) (2) V2V network – (3),(4) informing driver Driver Driver Driver Control about upcoming road conditions Control Control In-car network Local Local Local Control Control Control 12 30-Jan-18
Guiding questions • What are goals of ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems)? • How is the general structure of ITS? • Goal: – Study a larger example of an IoT system. – Show how the different parts fit together. Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 13 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
V2V Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 14 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
Guiding questions • Which V2V applications are there? • How does V2V communication and how do applications work? • Goal: – Study a larger example of an IoT system. – Show how the different parts fit together. Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 15 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
V2V: goals and characteristics • Goals • Safety • Comfort • Traffic efficiency • Main characteristics • Very high mobility of network nodes • Fully distributed system • IEEE 802.11p (CSMA/CA) as underlying technology • Safety applications have strict requirements on • Reliability • Delay Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 16 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
from: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications: Readiness of V2V Technology for Applications, NHTSA, August 2014 Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 17 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
ADAS • Equipped with a user interface these applications end up as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) – e.g. a vibrating seat or other warning 5 steps to fulll automation • Currently under R&D: – Collaborative Adaptive Cruise Control • 2 or more vehicles in a platoon – multiple CACC: merging Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 18 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
C’est le Rush https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Johmxw3cspA Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 19 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
How does this work? • It is cooperative, dynamic and ad-hoc • Two different approaches, same network technology (IEEE 802.11p) – US : Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments – WAVE – over Dedicated Short Range Communications – DSRC – EU : ETSI TC ITS standards, using Geo-networking • Essentially: vehicles emit periodically or picture from the Internet event-driven status information – called Basic Safety Messages (BSM, US) – and Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM, EU) Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 20 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
IEEE 802.11p characteristics • Part of the full IEEE 802.11 (2800page) specification – enhancements for use in Vehicles • Connect without BSS (BSS: stations with access point): – no association, authentication – just direct, ad-hoc messaging when in range • Support prioritizing of traffic: EDCA (from 802.11e) • Deal with high relative speeds of terminals – speed 3-27Mbit/s per channel, typically 6Mbit/s per channel • UTC-based timing reference for synchronizing time accurately • Channels in the 5.9 GHz range (~300m in free field, max 1000) Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 21 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
(partial) Communication Stack: EU and US Rate-adaptation Based Congestion Control for Vehicle Safety Communications, PhD thesis Tessa Tielert Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 22 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
ETSI GeoNetworking ETSI ITS model • ETSI GN ETSI GeoNetworking – Intended to work on different technologies besides IEEE 802.11p • ITS-G5:implementation on IEEE 802.11p ITS-G5 – three frequency classes • A:safety • B: non-safety • D: future – control and service channels • common control channel: primary channel for unsollicited traffic – protocols for channel switching Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 23 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
ETSI GeoNetworking • ETSI GN provides ad-hoc local connectivity – Addressing: 48bit interface address extended with station information – use of a location table about neighbors • updated by info from incoming messages – GN routers: role of some stations – Services, e.g: • SHB: single hop broadcast (repeated for given number of times or period) • unicast: forwarding to destination • geobroadcast: limit physical extent and limited number of hops – BTP: basic transport protocol, add multiplexing to the GN services Johan J. Lukkien, j.j.lukkien@tue.nl 24 TU/e Informatica, System Architecture and Networking 30-Jan-18
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