14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Beijing, October - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Civil Civil protection protection vs. vs. Earthquake Earthquake Engineering Engineering and and Seismological Seismological Research Research

Mauro Dolce Mauro Dolce

Director of the Seismic Risk and Post Director of the Seismic Risk and Post-

• Emergency Office,

Emergency Office, National Civil Protection Department, Rome, Italy National Civil Protection Department, Rome, Italy Professor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, Feder Professor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, Federico II ico II

14° World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Beijing, October 12-18, 2008 Keynote speech

1.Premise

• 2. Organization of the Italian CP System
• 3. CP scopes and activities
• 4. Research projects with CP objectives
• 5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

1.Premise

• 2. Organization of the Italian CP System
• 3. CP scopes and activities
• 4. Research projects with CP objectives
• 5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

Reasons for CP – research connection

• Reaching scientific consensus on evaluations that

imply wide uncertainties;

• Optimising the resource allocation for risk mitigation;
• Making precise and rapid forecasting, for fast and

effective emergency actions;

• Making effective search and rescue operations;
• Optimising resources and actions for emergency
• vercoming.

From the CP viewpoint, good reasons for a strong connection between research and CP are related to:

Positive implications for the scientific community, apart from getting funds for research activities are:

• 1. the clear finalisation of the research activities,
• 2. the enlargement, rather than the limitation, of the

investigation perspectives, too often otherwise finalised to the achievement of academic advancements.

• 3. the ethical value of a research with direct and

positive social implications.

Reasons for CP – research connection

A strong link between CP and scientific community had already been developed after the 1976 Friuli earthquake, continuing until 2002. These projects involved the whole scientific community: both seismological and earthquake engineering research programmes were funded. A strong impulse was thus given to these research areas. A new stronger connection and integration between CP and research started in 2004, with a new organization

• f the relationships

between the ICPD and the scientific community.

Previous experience

1.Premise

• 2. Organization of the Italian CP System
• 3. CP scopes and activities
• 4. Research projects with CP objectives
• 5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

Mandate Mandate

The National Civil Protection System aims at The National Civil Protection System aims at safeguarding human life and health, goods, safeguarding human life and health, goods, national heritage, human settlements and the national heritage, human settlements and the environment from all natural or man environment from all natural or man-

• made

made disasters. disasters.

It deals with: It deals with:

• Forecasting and Warning

Forecasting and Warning

• Prevention and Mitigation

Prevention and Mitigation

• Rescue and Assistance

Rescue and Assistance

• Emergency overcoming

Emergency overcoming

PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

National Fire- fighters Corps Police Prefectures

I.N.G.V. C.N.R. National Institutes 118 Revenue Guard Corps Army Navy Air Force Carabinieri TERNA Costal Guard ANAS National Highway National Railway State Forest Corps ISPRA Interior Economy and Finance Foreign Affairs Environment University and Research Infrastructures Defence Agricultural Policy and Forestry Communications Economic Development Health Cultural Heritage Regions Provinces Municipalities Transportation Public Education

THE NATIONAL CIVIL THE NATIONAL CIVIL PROTECTION SYSTEM PROTECTION SYSTEM

Department

• f Civil

Protection

National Fire Brigades Army Air Force Navy Police Regions and Local Autonomies Italian Red Cross State Corps

• f Forest

Agency for environment protection National Institute for geophysics and volcanology Alpine Rescue Corps National health system National Research Council Volunteers

• rganisations

Head of Civil Protection

An Operational Committee

is set up within the Department of Civil Protection to ensure a unified direction and coordination of emergency management

Dams Agency Agency for road maintenance Highway Trains Postmaster Railway Electricity management agencies Monitoring forecast team Telecommunications companies Italian Television Agency for flight control

Servizio di segreteria particolare Servizio I spettivo Servizio di segreteria tecnica ed incarichi speciali Consigliere giuridico Nucleo operativo ( DL 2 4 5 / 2 0 0 5 ) Nucleo operativo ( DL 2 4 5 / 2 0 0 5 ) Servizio stam pa ed inform azione Capo del Dipartim ento Capo del Dipartim ento Consulente Dirigente Generale Consulente Dirigente Generale Vice Capo del Dipartim ento Vice Capo del Dipartim ento Servizio del Contenzioso Servizio controllo interno Ufficio I Previsione, valutazione, prevenzione e m itigazione dei rischi naturali Per la Rete dei Centri funzionali e per i presidi territoriali Rischio vulcanico Rischio idro- geologico, idraulico, idrico, m arittim o e costiero Rischio incendi boschivi Per la vigilanza e la previsione m eteorologica Ufficio I I Previsione, valutazione, prevenzione e m itigazione dei rischi antropici Rischio sanitario Rischio am bientale Salvaguardia dei beni culturali Rischio industriale, energetico, nucleare e dei trasporti Tecnico logistico e gestione dei m ateriali e dei m ezzi Ufficio I I I Valutazione, prevenzione e m itigazione del rischio sism ico e attività ed opere post- em ergenza Valutazione del rischio sism ico, sviluppo della conoscenza e della ricerca sism ica Valutazione della vulnerabilità e norm ativa tecnica Gestione degli eventi, form azione tecnica e divulgazione della conoscenza Monitoraggio del territorio e la gestione delle banche dati Attività ed

• pere post-

em ergenza, coordinam ento dei com itati di rientro, sicurezza Ufficio I V Gestione delle em ergenze Metodologie, procedure e pianificazione di em ergenza Gestione delle em ergenze e unità di crisi Coordinam ento della Sala Situazione I talia e m onitoraggio del territorio ( SI .STE.MA) ed em ergenze m arittim e ( COEMM) Ufficio V Risorse tecnologiche, ricerca e innovazione Sviluppo dei sistem i inform ativi e cartografia Telecom uni_ cazioni Studi, ricerche e analisi statistiche Monitoraggio degli interventi e innovazione

• rganizzativa

Ufficio VI Volontariato, relazioni istituzionali e internazionali Volontariato Relazioni internazionali Rapporti con le autonom ie e gli enti locali Ufficio VI I Grandi eventi, form azione e cultura di protezione civile Pianificazione e gestione grandi eventi Com unicazione, sviluppo conoscenze e gestione dei rapporti con il servizio civile Form azione del personale e dei livelli territoriali com petenti Gestione della Rete Radio Nazionale Ufficio VI I I Bilancio e risorse um ane Gestione ed

• rganizzazio

ne del personale Politiche contrattuali Affari am m inistrativi, benem erenze e speciali elargizioni Affari finanziari Relazioni con il pubblico e segreteria

• rgani

collegiali Ufficio I X Attività aeronautica Coordina- m ento aereo unificato Sicurezza del volo, addestram ento del personale navigante e vigilanza delle attività aeree dipartim entali Tecnico- am m inistrativo- contrattuale della flotta aerea

ORGANIGRAMMA del DIPARTIMENTO DELL PROTEZIONE CIVILE - decreto PCM 23 ottobre 2006 pubblicato nella G.U. del 24 novembre 2006

Forecasting Mitigation NATURAL RISKS Forecasting Mitigation ANTROPIC RISKS Evaluation Mitigation SEISMIC RISK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Technological Resources and INNOVATION VOLUNTEERS and international relationships MAJOR EVENTS, Training and C.P. Culture ADIMINISTRATION and Human Resources AERONAUTICS Activities HEAD

Emergency management Training and Education Emergency management Training and Education Vulnerability, Technical Regulations and post-Emergency management Vulnerability, Technical Regulations and post-Emergency management Monitoring systems Monitoring systems

Office III – Evaluation, Prevention and MItigation of Seismic Risk

Seismic Risk Assessment

Functional Centre - SRS

Competence Centres for Seismic Risk:

RELUIS EUCENTRE INGV

NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM

The National warning system is provided by DPC and Regions by:

• “Functional Centres”

(Centre for Forecasting and Surveillance of Effects - CFSE) CFES’s collect, elaborate and exchange every kind of data to provide a multiple support system for decisions.

• “Competence Centres”

(Centre for Technological and Scientific services, development and transfer - CTS) CTS’s are institutions which provide services, information,data, elaborations, technical and scientific contributions for specific topics to share the best practices in risk assessment and management.

INGV INGV RAN RAN Technical Technical Teams Teams Seismometric network ground motion parameters (event localization, magnitudo) to start SIGE Macroseismic survey Damage survey and safety assessment SIGE SIGE Expected structural damage Expected number of casualties Economic loss evaluation

OSS OSS Strong motion network Strong motion data to produce shake maps Structure monitoring system network for damage evaluation

THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE AND OF THE RELATED COMPETENCE CENTRES AR E MONITORED AND SYNTHESISED IN THE FUNCTIONAL CENTRE TO SUPPORT DECISIONS DURING THE THREE PHASES

FUNCTIONAL CENTRE – SEISMIC RISK SECTOR

COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC

• INGV

(Seismic surveillance, Seismological research projects, Emergency technical support)

• ReLUIS

(Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support)

• EUCENTRE

(Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support)

1.Premise

• 2. Organization of the Italian CP System
• 3. CP scopes and activities
• 4. Research projects with CP objectives
• 5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

Three phases are envisaged during in which the Civil Protection must

• perate effectively, with

the capability

• f managing

each phase for the specific needs:

• PHASE 1 –

PRE-EVENT (PEACE TIME)

• PHASE 2 –

EVENT (EMERGENCY)

• PHASE 3 –

POST-EVENT (RECOVERING) PHASES, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

When: always, but less intensively when some event

• ccurs

Objectives: Reduction

• f the seismic

risk through: − Improvement

• f the antiseismic

standard of new constructions, infrastructures and plants. − Reduction

• f the vulnerability
• f existing

modern and historical structures, infrastructure and plants. − Razionalisation

• f the use
• f the territory

and redistribution in relation to the basic seismicity, the local amplification and the coseismic effects. − Preparation

• f phases

2 and 3 activities − Improvement

• f the population

awareness and preparedness to seismic events

PHASE 1: PRE – EVENT (PEACE TIME)

When: at the occurrence

• f an

earthquake, from the time of the event up to some weeks

• r months

after (depending

• n the intensity).

Objectives: Rapid collection

• f information on the event, including

all seismological, engineering, economical and social issues, in

• rder

to:

• optimise

emergency

• perations,
• plan the re-construction

actions,

• generally

improve knowledge

• promote

research activities.

PHASE 2: EVENT (EMERGENCY)

When: after an earthquake, from some days up to some months after the event. Objectives: Setting up and monitoring the re-construction activities for an effective management aimed to:

• limit

the population disease (recovering time),

• ptimise

fund allocation and distribution for the reconstruction.

PHASE 3: POST- EVENT (RECOVERING)

SEI SMI C PREVENTI ON

Significant innovation and action programs for seismic risk reduction are usually introduced just after destructive earthquakes, when society is devastated and the risk is highly perceived.

31st of october 2002: San Giuliano Earthquake Ordinance Ordinance PCM n. 3274 PCM n. 3274 -

• 20 march 2003

20 march 2003

First First elements elements on general

• n general criteria

criteria for for the the seismic seismic classification classification of the National

• f the National Territory

Territory and and Technical Technical norms norms for for the the structures structures in in seismic seismic areas areas

Immediate and Immediate and integrated integrated response response to to the the needs needs of

• f updating

updating two two fundamental fundamental normative normative tools tools for for seismic seismic risk risk mitigation mitigation and introduce a new one and introduce a new one for for existing existing constructions constructions: : 1.

• 1. SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION

SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION 70% of the 70% of the territory territory in in medium medium-

• to

to-

• high

high seismicity seismicity areas areas (vs. (vs. previous previous 45%) 45%) 2.

• 2. SEISMIC CODE

SEISMIC CODE new new standards standards harmonised harmonised with with EC8 EC8

• 3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public
• 3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public buildings

buildings and and infrastructures infrastructures

SEI SMI C PREVENTI ON

1908 After Messina earthquake (83,000 cas., Ms=7.3) the first seismic zonation and building seismic code were issued. 1980 Irpinia earthquake (3000 casualties, Ms= 6.9): a new zonation based on a consistent probabilistic approach was enforced,

1909 1909 1975 1975 1981 1981-

• 84

84

SEI SMI C ZONATI ON AND SEI SMI C CODES I N I TALY

1984 New seismic zoning and building code 2003

Working group set up by the Civil Protection Department NSS processing 2003

high seismicity middle seismicity low seismicity very low seismicity

I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ZONI NG

SEI SMI C I TALI AN CODES

Until 2003 the Italian seismic code remained unclear in its basic scopes. A behavior factor of about 4-6 was implicitly assumed for most structural types, without enforcing adequate detailing. The ductility concept was not explicitly reported in the code. Few information was given about assessing, upgrading or retrofitting existing buildings

Seismic action expressed by elastic response spectra with defined probability of exceedance; Effects of soil amplification; Expected performances of the structure; Influence of structure characteristics, like geometry, regularity and constructive rules, on ductility; Influence of ductility on the design action; Rules to consider fragile and ductile components;

I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C CODE

Rules of capacity design; Seismic isolation and energy dissipation; Both linear and non linear analysis allowed; Proper attention devoted to existing buildings.

The recognition

• f the safety

state of important structures has been started to be concluded in 5 years (art.2 comma 3 OPCM 3274/2003) deadline recently extended to 2010

1) Buildings and infrastructural contructions of strategical importance, whose operability during and after seismic events is fundamental the civil protection scopes.

MUNICIPIO

2) Buildings and infrastructural constructions which can assume great importance in relation to the consequences of their collapse

Headquarters Town halls, Hospitals Churches Schools Bridges I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ASSESSMENT

ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

7 5 .0 0 0 buildings, 3 5 .0 0 0 of w hich in zones 1 and 2

Zona sismica (2003) 1 2 3 4 Aliquota di popolazione. 5.3% 35.4% 25.7% 33.6% Destinazione d’uso (Volumi stimati (milioni di m3)) Istruzione 20.5 130.0 94.9 123.6 Civile 9.4 49.8 36.8 47.4 Sanità 4.9 24.9 18.5 23.8

I nfrastructures and lifelines, com m ercial and industrial buildings should be added to the above estim ates I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ASSESSMENT

Seismic zone Population Education Public Health Civil use Use (Volume millions of m3)

Almost 7000 seismic safety verifications and more than 200 retrofitting interventions have been funded until now, since 2004. Though significant, these figures represent only a small part of the strategic and relevant constructions potentially involved in this process. About 42.000 public schools exist in Italy and their retrofitting costs are of the order of several billions of euros. An initial program has been funded with about 500 million euros to upgrade

• r retrofit the most risky schools.

I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ASSESSMENT

DPC and Regions created a Working Group with the to produce Guidelines for Seismic Microzonation in:

• Urban planning,
• Emergency planning
• Seismic design

Modular approach:

• level 1 homogeneous microzones

(qualitative),

• level 2 “

“ (quantitative)

• level 3 level 2 + local in depth investigations

Synthesis and exploitation of the experiences

I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: MI CROZONATI ON GUI DELI NES

“Building a culture of prevention is not easy. While the costs of prevention have to be paid in the present, its benefits lie in a distant future. Moreover, the benefits are not tangible; THEY ARE THE DISASTERS THAT DID NOT HAPPEN. "

UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan: "Introduction to Secretary-General's Annual Report on the Work of the Organization of United Nations, 1999" (document A/54/1)

SEISMIC PREVENTION :

AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS STUDIES AND TRAINING

Awareness Campaigns

Informing people on risk and prevention, by describing the behaviour to adopt in case of earthquake.

I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES

1915 Avezzano 1915 Avezzano 1930 Alta Irpinia 1930 Alta Irpinia 1883 Ischia 1883 Ischia

Recovering historic memory

1919 Mugello 1919 Mugello

Historical research

• n the strongest

Italian earthquakes

I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES

Education to risk

Divulgation tools on earthquake, seismic risk and prevention (books, multimedia, leaflets, exhibitions)

I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES

Edurisk Project (DPC-INGV)

4 – 7 years 8 – 10 anni 11 – 13 years For primary and secondary school I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES

FOLIGNO FOLIGNO 26 26 September September 2007 2007

TRAVELING EXHIBITION

EARTHQUAKES OF ITALY

MESSINA MESSINA 28 28 December December 2008 2008

SEI SMI C SI MULATORS

E' un improvviso e rapido scuotimento della crosta terrestre provocato dai movimenti delle zolle o placche in cui è suddiviso l'involucro esterno della Terra (litosfera).

Cosa è una scossa di terremoto ?

Quando lo sforzo a cui sono sottoposte le rocce, a seguito dei movimenti delle zolle, supera il loro limite di resistenza, esse si rompono lungo superfici chiamate faglie. L'energia accumulata, prima della rottura, si libera sotto forma di onde sismiche che si propagano in tutte le direzioni dalla zona origine, in profondità, fino sulla superficie (come quando si lancia un sasso nello stagno). Il terremoto, come l'attività vulcanica, e' la manifestazione della continua trasformazione ed evoluzione del nostro pianeta.

Faglia diretta Faglia inversa Faglia trascorrente Ipocentro Epicentro

LARGE SCREEN W I TH SCI ENTI FI C HI NTS

SEI SMI C DEVI CE EXHI BI TI ON

OLD FI LMS ON PAST EARTHQUAKES

COVERS OF OLD MAGAZI NES

FI RST PAGE OF NEW SPAPERS

SEI SMI C MONI TORI NG DEMOS

LABORATORY FOR CHI LDREN

MODERN ART MASTERPI ECES

“After all, it is not the Nature that has piled up twenty thousand houses of six- seven stories there ”

(J.J. Rousseau, 1756 after the earthquake

• f Lisbon)

APHORI SMS AND POSTCARDS

SIMULATION EXERCISE: EUROSOT October 13-14, 2005

European exercise on a strong earthquake in Italy, involving five countries. Scope: testing the capacity of the Italian and European civil protection systems. Scenario earthquake: Magnitude 6.8, South-Eastern Sicily (where a 7.4 Eq occurred in 1693) Two working areas: Seismic Working Area Industrial Working Area

Seismic Hazard map 2004

PARTICIPATION OF USAR TEAMS AND EXPERTS

France 15 units – 2 K9 Greece 14 units

• 1 K9

Portugal 15 units

• 3 K9

Sweden 20 units

• 2 K9 -

military aircraft United Kingdom 16 units

Cyprus Latvia Belgium Austria The Netherlands Bulgaria Lithuania Poland Finland Hungary Germany Estonia Jordan Morocco Palestine Lebanon Tunisia Syria Algeria Turkey Egypt

INTERNATIONAL OBSERVERS FROM 22 COUNTRIES

Russian Federation

TECHNI CAL MANAGEMENT OF THE EVENT AND POST-EVENT PHASE

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing seismometric network data (INGV)

15’ 60’

SIMULATED SIMULATED DAMAGE DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building strategic building accelerometric accelerometric data data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Site evaluation of Mercalli Mercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometric accelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systems structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessment usability assessment

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

About 300 stations send data in real time to the INGV-DPC Seismic Monitoring Centre Multisensor Station: Broad Band Seismometer + Accelerometer + GPS

REAL TIME EARTHQUAKE MONITORING SYSTEM INGV-DPC

Example M 4.0 First locations after 30” Final after 120-200” ML based on 159 channels

Information to DPC in 2’ max

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing of seismometric network data (INGV)

15’ 60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Site evaluation of Mercalli Mercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometric accelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systems structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessment usability assessment

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

In case of an earthquake, of magnitude 4 or more, an automatic procedure is immediately activated by DPC to produce data, maps, and information concerning: – Description of the area (anthropic, physical and administrative aspects; characteristics of buildings and infrastructures; monitoring networks) – Vulnerability (building stock, schools, hospitals) – Hazard (seismogenic zones, catalogue, isoseismals, attenuation) – Preliminary evaluation of damage and losses

SIGE - Information System for Emergency Management and simulated scenarios

Maps and reports

ING seism. network SIGE

DPC

Emergency Management

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS

Summary Summary report report for for the the evaluation evaluation

• f the impact of the
• f the impact of the earthquake

earthquake, , used used to to activate activate different different levels levels

• f
• f “

“alarm alarm” ”, , according according to to the the expected expected seismic seismic damage damage ranked ranked in a 0 in a 0-

• 5 scale.

5 scale. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS

Definitions in a seismic emergency scale

Effects Actions Involved subjects

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV

15’ 60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Site evaluation of Mercalli Mercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometric accelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systems structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessment usability assessment

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

typical typical arrangement arrangement

• f a station
• f a station

213 213 digital stations connected via GPRS/GSM digital stations connected via GPRS/GSM 11 11 remote digital stations remote digital stations 130 130 scheduled digital stations scheduled digital stations

(within 2008) (within 2008)

119 119 analogic analogic stations are not included stations are not included in the map in the map

In the near future: 570 (20 km grid) digital stations connected in real time

DPC – STRONG MOTION NETWORK (RAN)

A permanent monitoring network in selected strategic constructions measures their seismic vibrations, in order to detect their earthquake – induced damage.

Central Unit in the DPC headquarters

Remote Unit informs Central Unit

Data Processing Damage Assessment

Sensors

• n the ground

Central Unit recovers recorded data

Remote

Unit

USE

Schools Hospitals Town Hall Others

%

51 21 20 8

TYPE OF STRUCTURE

R/C buildings Masonry buildings Bridges

%

65 25 10

DPC - SEISMIC OBSERVATORY OF STRUCTURES (OSS)

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV

15’ 60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometric accelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systems structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessment usability assessment

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the most affected areas most affected areas

Macroseismic map of the Molise earthquake (October 31, 2002, with an Mw 5.7 shock). The earthquake affected an area of about 1700 Kmq with a population of 370,000 MACROSEISMIC SURVEY (QUEST)

Technical teams carry out surveys aimed at recognising, mapping and evaluating earthquake effects

• n the natural environment:
• landslides
• surface faulting and fracturing
• soil liquefactions

Retaining wall failure Umbria-Marche, Italy, 1997 Surface faulting Irpinia, Italy, 1980

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV

15’ 60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessment usability assessment

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

Portable instrument (mobile network)

In order to increase the amount of strong motion data during the aftershocks, a mobile strong motion network is installed in the epicentral area

TEMPORARY STRONG MOTION MONITORING

GSM – serv.SMS Serial Serial Modem Modem GPS GPS Acceleration PEAKS ACCELEROGRAMS GSM – serv.SMS

roofing floor surrounding land BUILDING master slave

slave

visual contact

Typical sensor layout for temporary monitoring of buildings

The upper floor is monitored with two radio-linked biaxial sensors. A triaxial is added in the surrounding land. Elaborations are made in local mode and immediately transmitted. TEMPORARY MONITORING OF STRUCTURES

To keep under control some fundamental strategic buildings in the affected area (hospitals, etc.) and detect any damage due to aftershocks, 10 monitoring systems are installed after an earthquake

LESE

Epicentral area

Specialized teams measure crustal deformations associated to large magnitude seismic events, by comparing coordinates and inferring the coseismic deformation field, if GPS data before the event are available. Units from different institutions are coordinated.

GPS measurements for Molise 2002 earthquake. GEODETIC SURVEY

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV

15’ 60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST – EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and usability assessment. Temporary houses.

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

USABILITY Post-earthquake usability evaluation is a quick and temporarily limited assessment, based on expert judgement of specially trained technical teams, on visual screening and on easily collected data, aimed to detect if, during the current seismic crisis, damaged buildings can be used, being reasonably safeguarded the human life.

A) USABLE Building can be used without measures. Small damage, but negligible risk for human life. B) USABLE WITH COUNTERMEASURES Building is damaged, but can be used when short term countermeasures are taken C) PARTIALLY USABLE Only a part of the building can be safely used D) TEMPORARILY UNUSABLE Building to be re-inspected. Unusable until the new inspection. E) UNUSABLE Building can not be used due to high structural, non structural or geotechnical risk for human life. Not necessarily imminent risk of total collapse. F) UNUSABLE FOR EXTERNAL RISK Building could be used, but it cannot due the high risk caused by external factors (heavy damaged adjacent or facing buildings, possible rock falls, etc.)

POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT

Mayor Mayor

Damage survey and safety assessment procedure

PROCEDURE 1. citizen ask Mayor for survey 2. Mayor gathers the requests and transmits to the Operative Center 3. Operative Center (OC) sends technical teams 4. technicians assess damage & safety, report to Mayor and OC 5. Mayor decides on building evacuation and provisional intervention

Citizens’ request Citizens’ request

O.C. O.C.

Teams Teams

Survey Survey Assessment result Assessment result

STRATEGIC BUILDINGS

City Hall

CHURCHES & MONUMENTS HOUSES

1 2 3 4 5 POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT

2’ 5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV

15’ 60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST – EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT Building inspections for damage and usability assessment. Temporary houses.

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

POST-EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES

• S. GIULIANO DI PUGLIA - 2002

INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY PREFABRICATED TIMBER HOUSES

1.Premise

• 2. Organization of the Italian CP System
• 3. CP scopes and activities
• 4. Research projects with CP objectives
• 5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC

• INGV

(Seismic surveillance, Seismological research projects, Emergency technical support)

• ReLUIS

(Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support)

• EUCENTRE

(Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support) In the past three years, DPC research funds amounted to about 10 M€ / year

Project S1 Project S1 – – Seism ic Seism ic hazard hazard m aps m aps Project S2 Project S2 – – Seism ogenic Seism ogenic potential potential Project S3 Project S3 – – Earthquake Earthquake Scenarios Scenarios Project S4 Project S4 – – Shakem aps Shakem aps DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2007

Project S5 Project S5 – – Displacem ent Displacem ent spectra spectra Project S6 Project S6 – – Strong Strong Motion Motion DataBase DataBase Project SV Project SV – – Educational Educational paths paths for for seism ic seism ic and and volcanic volcanic risk risk DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2006

39% T100 22% T200 5% T975 2% T2475 10% T475 63% T50

DPC-INGV–S1 Project 2004-06 ag for different probabilities (Treturn)

• M. Dolce

Tr = 4 7 5 anni Mediana

Hazard Hazard through through spectral spectral

• rdinates
• rdinates

Project Project DPC DPC-

• INGV

INGV– –S1 S1 2004 2004-

• 06

06

T=0.3s T=0.75s T=1.5s

• M. Dolce

ag, Fo and T*C values

are drawn from response spectra

• f Project DPC-

INGV-S1. The elastic spectral shape is the same as EC8 and minimises the differences with respect to the uniform probability spectra for several exceedance probabilities in 50 years.

Spettro di risposta 10%/50 anni ID 20979 (43.585, 13.49)

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,5 1 1,5 2

T (sec) Se(T) (g)

50 percentile 84 percentile 16 percentile NTC 08

a ag

g

a ag

g F

F0 T* T*C

C

TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS -

• 2008

2008

3. 3. Design Design actions actions

• M. Dolce

Map of spectral displacement at 2 s, for 475 years return period and stiff soil

(project DPC-INGV-S5) 16 percentile 50 percentile 84 percentile

The 2007-2009 Agreement between the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) includes 5 Projects in Seismology funded by DPC with € 5 250 000 in two years. They are carried out with the contribution of the national and international scientific community.

2007-2009 DPC-INGV Agreement

S1

Analysis of the seismic potential in Italy for the evaluation

• f the seismic hazard

Coordinators: S. Barba (INGV - RM1) and C. Doglioni (University of Roma "La Sapienza") DPC Tutors: D. Di Bucci and R. De Nardis

The S1 project integrates instrumental and historical seismology, earthquake geology, off-fault/marine paleoseismology, earthquake geodesy, neotectonic models, and earthquake probabilities with the aim

• f determining the seismic hazard.

0o 5oE 10oE 15oE 20oE 25oE 36oN 39oN 42oN 45oN 48oN

S2

Development of a dynamical model for seismic hazard assessment at national scale

Coordinators: W. Marzocchi (INGV - BO) and E. Faccioli (Politecnico, Milano) DPC Tutors: F. Sabetta and A. Lucantoni

The main objective of this project is to design, test and apply an open- source code for seismic hazard assessment (SHA) primarily suited for the needs of CP.

Basically, the code should allow:

• 1. an easy updating of SHA, depending on the availability of new

data and models,

• 2. the use of different scientific “ingredients”,
• 3. a formal evaluation of uncertainty in SHA,
• 4. a multi-parameter output.

S3

Fast evaluation of parameters and effects of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean

Coordinators: A.Michelini (INGV - CNT) and A.Emolo (Univ. of Napoli “Federico II”) DPC Tutors: R. Giuliani and F. Bramerini

Strong motion and broadband stations in Italy. Example of shakemaps for the Mugello M4.2 earthquake, 1th March 2008, 7:43 UTC.

Aimed at getting a fast, clear and objective assessment of the impact

• f an earthquake on the Italian territory, through shakemaps in terms
• f PGA, PGV, PSA and Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI).

The project addresses also the fast determination of the source parameters (earthquake hypocenter and size) and of the tsunamigenic potential for M > 6 earthquakes.

S4

Italian Strong Motion Database

Coordinators: F. Pacor (INGV - MI) and R. Paolucci (Politecnico, Milano) DPC Tutors: A. Gorini and A. De Sortis

New standard for site description

The new Italian strong-motion database contains 2182 three-component waveforms generated by 1004 earthquakes, with Mwmax 6.9 (1980 Irpinia earthquake). It can be accessed

• n-line

at the site http://itaca.mi.ingv.it. The extension of the project is promoted, to update the data set up to 2008 and improve the seismic event and recording site metadata.

S5

High resolution multi-disciplinary monitoring of active fault test-sites areas in Italy

Coordinators: L. Margheriti (INGV - CNT) and A. Zollo (University of Napoli "Federico II") DPC Tutors: Sandro Marcucci and Mario Nicoletti

Aimed at supporting the ongoing research on three Italian test sites where advanced monitoring geophysical networks are available or under construction.

The main general objective is to improve the understanding

• f earthquake generation

processes in Italy and to define the seismic rates in the three selected test sites by developing and applying innovative methodologies to databanks gathered by multi- disciplinary geophysical networks.

Università di Pavia Eucentre

1 DOF, Large mass table: 5x7 mq, 300tm, 1-1.5 m/s L-shaped reaction wall

Università della Basilicata

Large reaction wall: Real Scale Pseudodynamic Tests ENEA

UTS MAT

6 DOF: 4x4 mq, 20 t, 0.5 m/s

Università di Trento

Large reaction wall: Real Scale Pseudodynamic Tests 2 DOF, Dual table system: 2 tables 3x3 mq, 20tx2,5m, 1.0 m/s

Università di Napoli Federico II AMRA

RELUIS (Network of Eq. Engineering University Labs)

10 research projects 127 Research Units in 40 Universities More than 1000 researchers involved

RELUIS Consortium Project Coordination RU Research Units

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008

MAIN RESEARCH AREAS

• Vulnerability of Existing Structures
• Advanced Design Criteria
• New Technologies on Risk Mitigation
• Emergency Management

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

PRODUCTS

• Proposals for seismic code improvement
• Proposals for new norms
• Guide-lines for innovative approaches
• Handbooks and codes of practice
• Advanced methods and procedures for

seismic assessment and design

• Data Bases

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

• VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING

STRUCTURES:

1.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing masonry buildings 2.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing R/C buildings 3.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing bridges

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

Seismic behaviour

• f complex

buildings Characteristics and behaviour

• f masonry

walls Models and analysis methods for masonry buildings

MASONRY BUILDINGS

R/C CONSTRUCTIONS

• Non-destructive methods for material

characterisation

• Calibration of confidence factors
• Irregular buildings
• Mixed structure (masonry-R/C) buildings
• Influence of masonry infills
• Stairs
• Beam-column joints
• Columns under biaxal flexure
• Prefabricated structures

BRIDGES

• Structural type classification
• Assessment methods for different types
• Retrofitting criteria: strengthening and

isolation

• Analysis and safety evaluation of abutments,

retaining structures and foudations

• Case studies of different types of bridge

• ADVANCED DESIGN CRITERIA:

4.Development of Displacement Based Approaches for design and vulnerability evaluation 5.Development of innovative design approaches for steel and steel-concrete structures 6.Innovative methods for the design of retaining structures and slope stability evaluation

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

DISPLACEMENT-BASED APPROACHES

• R/C frame, wall-frame and prefabricated

structures

• Masonry, timber, steel and composite new

structures

• New and existing bridges
• Seimic isolated buildings and bridges
• Retaining walls

Defining principles and rules for the development

• f a code-model for design and safety evaluation of

structures, in terms of displacements. A code-model and a wide variety of case-studies will be developed for several kinds of structures:

STEEL AND COMPOSITE CONCRETE-STEEL STRUCTURES

BRACES JOINTS INFILLS MEMBERS

GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS

• Slope stability
• Deep foundations
• Urban tunnels and deep dig
• Underground structures and tunnels

• NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON RISK

MITIGATION:

7.Technologies for seismic isolation and control of structures and infrastructures 8.Advanced materials for the reduction of the vulnerability of existing structures

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

SEISMIC ISOLATION AND CONTROL

• Seismic isolation design and devices
• Energy dissipation
• Tuned mass systems
• Semi-active control

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 10 15 20 25 ω (rad/sec)

Magnitudo

Prima forma modale T=1.83 sec ξ1 =0.0188 Seconda forma modale T=1.64 sec ξ1 =0.0210 Sistema isolato

Sistema isolato + TMD

ADVANCED MATERIALS

• Cyclic behavior of FRP strengthened R/C

members

• Bonding and delamination problems
• Confinement of columns and bridge piers
• FRP strengthened beam-column joints
• FRP strengthened masonry panels
• use of FRP in monumental structures

• EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT:

9.Monitoring and early warning of strategic structures and infrastructures 10.Definition and development of data bases for the seismic risk evaluation and the preparation of post-event damage scenarios

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING OF STRATEGIC STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES

DEVELOPMENT OF DB AND DAMAGE SCENARIOS Ordinary buildings Strategic buildings Monuments Historical centres Emergency planning and management Urban systems Infrastructures

PE-1 PE-2 PE-3 PE-4 PE-5 PE-6 PE-7 PE-8 PE-9 practitioners industry consultants Contracts data RESEARCH PROJECTS

RELUIS INGV PRIN REGIONI PRIVATI …

EUCENTRE (EUropean CENtre for Training and Research in Earthquake engineering)

• Numerical-experimental evaluation of the seismic code

provisions for existing masonry and R/C buildings

• Priority strategies for existing buildings
• Seismic design of harbor structures
• Strategies and activities for the seismic risk awareness
• Numerical-experimental evaluation of prefabricated

structures

• 3D push-over analysis
• Experimental analysis of the behaviour of bridge bearings

under seismic actions

• Tools for the characterisation of sites and structures

DPC-EUCENTRE Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

PROJECTS’ ISSUES

1.Premise

• 2. Organization of the Italian CP System
• 3. CP scopes and activities
• 4. Research projects with CP objectives
• 5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

CONCLUSION (1)

• General growth of interest on EE and Seismology,
• General increase of the scientific quality of research in

these fields, Main drawbacks were:

• Inadequate finalisation of the products,
• Some inconsistencies of the results not solved within

the research groups –consensus not reached. The long Italian experience of scientific research on seismic risk problems, finalised to CP use, results in a positive balance. Main benefits from research-CP interaction in the previous 25 years (1978-2003) period were:

CONCLUSION (2)

• More well-structured CP-finalised research,
• Best coordination among RU’s for CP-objectives

achievement,

• Products of ready use (e.g.: spectral hazard maps,

Strong Motion DB, Seismic code provisions, Guidelines, etc.),

• Substantial increase of experimental investigations,
• Substantial increase of data exchanging and

comparisons in large groups,

• Achievement of consensus on results.

Progress achieved in the research-CP interaction in the past 5 years (2003-08) period are:

CONCLUSION (3)

• Define suitable objectives of CP-funded research,

respondent to CP needs and consistent with the state-

• f-the-art,
• Set up programmes whose costs are acceptable,
• Utilise correctly the results in the general CP

framework,

• Cooperate in project developments, to better

understand actual problems and find the best solutions for CP aims. A smart interface between scientific and CP communities is necessary, in order to:

CONCLUSION (4)

• Monitor soil and structures with mobile instrumentation,

to evaluate aftershock effects,

• survey earthquake effects on natural (landslides,

liquefactions, soil fractures, etc.) and built environment (macroseismic survey, damage assessment, etc.). In the future, a structured involvement of CTS’s is envisaged even in the emergency phase to: Also in post-event activities important synergies could be established between research and CP: EARTHQUAKES REPRESENT FULL SCALE EXPERIMENTS THAT PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT AND STIMULATING HINTS FOR SCIENTISTS.

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION